1、模块一 需要变形的词:名词、形容词和副词第1讲 名词Step 1 刷透真题明晰技法【高考真题练】.语法填空1.(2018全国卷)The team transforms the familys long weekend of _(celebrate)with less expensive but still tasty recipes.2.(2020浙江高考)Later,they learned to work with the _(season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,making use of annual floods to
2、 irrigate(灌溉)their fields.celebrationseasons3.(2019浙江高考)Other American studies showed no _(connect)between uniforms and school performance.4.(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased _(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.connection/connectionspollutio
3、n.完成句子1.(2020全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly _(用筷子).2.(2020全国卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of _(我们家每一个人).3.(2020江苏高考)_(医疗安全体系)of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation.4.(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again,they had a big separate
4、 house to raise _(几十只鸡).withchopstickseveryone inour familyThe health security systemsdozens of chickens【微技能点拨】语法填空二谨记1.根据语境标志词判断名词(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时,要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。2.根据规则确定名词单复数(1)如果空格处被these,several,many和数词等修饰时,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形
5、式;(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则,方能解决好此类问题。Step 2 突破重点点拨疑惑一、可数名词的数考点1 可数名词变复数的规则变化 可数名词变复数形式时一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化形式如下表:构成方法例词一般在词尾加-smapmaps,seaseasgirlgirls,daydays以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除外)classclasses,boxboxes,watchwatches,dishdishes以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i,再加-escountrycountriesfactoryfactories以元音字母+-y结尾的
6、名词在词尾直接+-sholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys构成方法例词以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spianopianosphotophotos有些在词尾加-esheroheroespotatopotatoes以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f或-fe为-v,再加-esleafleaves,knifeknives,wifewives,wolfwolves加-sbeliefbeliefs,chiefchiefs,proofproofs,roofroofs,gulfgulfs,safesafes考点2 可数名词变复数的不规则变化名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:构成方法例词增加字母c
7、hildchildren,oxoxen改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,goosegeese,mousemice单复数同形sheep,deer,series,means,fish,species构成方法例词表示“某国人”的名词加-sAmericanAmericans,GermanGermans,GreekGreeks单复数同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的,将-man和-woman分别改为-men,-womenEnglishmanEnglishmen二、不可数名词考点1 不可数名词(1)不可
8、数名词没有复数形式,也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有:fun,baggage,change(零钱),furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic 等。(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:用some,much,a little,a lot of,a bit of,plenty of 等表示多少。注意:既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of,some,a lot of,lots of,most of等。用单位词表示,用a.of表示。如a c
9、up of tea,a piece of paper。考点2 不可数名词与可数名词的转化(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:The potato is a vegetable,not a fruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,不是水果。My doctor told me to avoid fatty foods such as bacon or hamburgers.我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物,如咸肉或汉堡包。(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示:当要表示“一场/段/件/种”等意思时,某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如:A heavy snow was fal
10、ling.当时正下着一场大雪。A fine rain began to fall.开始下起一阵小雨。另外,表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等,可以用a(n)或数词修饰,也有复数形式。如:Two teas and a coffee,please.请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。I ordered two coffees and an ice-cream.我叫了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,但意思不同。如:work工作,a work著作;glass玻璃,a glass玻璃杯;wood木头,a wood小树林;room空间,a room房间;p
11、aper纸,a paper 一份试卷(文件,报纸等)等。考点3 抽象名词具体化通常可分为两类:(1)表示情感、情绪的词,强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字:惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(proud)、慰(comfort)、险(danger)、助(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:The new method has finally proved to be a success.新方法最终试验成功了。(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一”的概念,常
12、与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰。如:have a good time,have a wonderful supper,have a good knowledge/understanding of,have a population of,cover an area of,reach a height of等。三、名词所有格考点1 表示有生命名词的所有格时,在词尾加“s”。the boys bag,mens rooms。若名词已有复数词尾s,只加“”。the teachers reading-room。此外,表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词
13、尾加“s”来表示所属关系,意为“的”。a ten minutes walk,a twenty miles journey,two tons weight,fifty dollars worth。考点2如果两个名词并列,且分别加“s”,则表示“分别有”;若只有后一个名词加“s”,则表示两个“共有”。Johns and Marys rooms(两间);John and Marys room(一间)。考点3of属格:无生命名词的所有格用of结构。a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country,the colour of t
14、he flowers。考点4省略格:在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。at the doctors在诊所;at my sisters在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。考点5双重所有格:of+名词“s”结构。a friend of my brothers,works of Mo Yans。名词所有格用法口诀:名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加s 即可行,词尾有 s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。【点津】如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,“
15、A of B”要翻译为“B的A”。【小题快练】.单句语法填空(2019北京高考)No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various _(activity)on Earth Day.(2020浙江高考)The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the _(participant)overall health status.(2020江苏高考)They tested the _(men)fitness and resting
16、metabolic(新陈代谢的)rates and took samples(样品)of their blood and fat tissue.activitiesparticipantsmens(2018天津高考)The people in the hall seemed very nosy,keeping their eyes on me with _(curious).(2018浙江高考)Making Chinese _(dish)is seen as especially troublesome.curiositydishes.完成句子(2020全国卷)Luckily,I will g
17、o home in two weeks for _(暑假).(2019全国卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many _(不同的城市).(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid,Ive considered _(不同的工作)I would like to do.(2018全国卷)After supper,we would play card games of _(各种各样)in the sitting room.summer vacationdifferent citiesdifferent jobsall sortsStep 3 跟踪检测提
18、升能力.语法填空Chinese net users have found a new way to battle desertification by playing virtual(虚拟的)planting games.Ant Forest,1._ is under Ant Financial of the Alibaba Group,told the Global Times that they had planted over 50 million trees covering about 507 square kilometers across China from 2016 to 2
19、019.Ant Forest is the first such game in China.In the Ant Forest plan,any activity 2._(consider)low carbon,including walking,taking public transport and online payments,will be converted into virtual“green energy”.The energy will be used to grow a virtual tree in the“forest”of the 3._(user).They exc
20、hange 4._ for a real tree by paying the corresponding energy.Ant Forest will plant the real trees in spring and autumn each year 5._ the help of local authorities in the desert areas.This way of planting trees 6._(recognize)on October 23,2018 by the National Afforestation Committee as 7._ means for
21、citizens to fulfill their obligation of planting trees.The Chinese government attaches great 8._(important)to the protection of ecosystems.China aims 9._(increase)the forest cover to 23 percent by 2020,and to 26 percent by 2035.A new study using data from NASA satellite shows that the Earth becomes
22、10._(green)as a result of ambitious tree-planting programs in China.1.【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为Ant Forest,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。2.【解析】considered。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,该句中主语为any activity,其后所填词汇与主语之间为被动关系,作后置定语,故填considered。3.【解析】users。考查名词复数。根据其前的定冠词the可知,此处用名词,根据句意“用户”,可知用复数,故填u
23、sers。4.【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知,此处替代前一句a virtual tree,为特指,故填it。5.【解析】with。考查介词搭配。该句中使用with the help of.为固定搭配,意为“在的帮助下”,故填with。6.【解析】was recognized。考查动词的时态语态。分析句子成分可知,该句中This way of planting trees为主语,是单数,其与所给词汇为被动关系,用被动语态。根据时间状语on October 23,2018,可知用一般过去时态,故填was recognized。7.【解析】a。考查不定冠词。根据句意可知,此处意指“一种方式”,
24、为泛指,means的首字母发音是辅音,故填a。8.【解析】importance。考查名词。该句使用固定短语attach importance to.,意为“重视,认为重要”,故填importance。9.【解析】to increase。考查不定式。aim to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“目标是,旨在”故填to increase。10.【解析】greener。考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,植树在中国取得了成效,地球变得更加绿色,暗含“比较”含义,用比较级,故填greener。.语段填空Nowadays my schoolwork becomes much heavier than eve
25、r before,thus _(迫使我熬夜)deep into the night.I _(很少做运动).For this reason I _(经常课上感到困倦).Bad health caused my poor memory.Things have been changed _(自从我听从了我老师的建议).I get up earlier to do morning exercises._(在十分钟课间休息期间)I go out of the classroom to relax my brain and muscles.At five oclock in the afternoon I
26、 often go forcing me to stay upseldom did sportsoften felt sleepy in classsince I followed myteachers adviceDuring the 10 minutes breakto the playground to have sports.All this _(使得我浑身充满活力).It is sports that _(改善我的健康).I _ _(已经取得快速进步)in my studies.makes me fresh and full of energyimprove my healthhav
27、emade rapid progress.写作运用根据汉语提示补全作文,并注意其中名词的使用。To whom it may concern:1._(我是你的一个顾客).I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago,but I didnt receive them until yesterday.2._(令我十分失望的是),the books were so poorly packed up that 3._(其中一本书的书皮破损了).To make matters worse,it is not a compl
28、ete set,as I found one book missing.Im one of your customersAnd much to my disappointmentthe cover of one book was tornIm sorry to have received such poor service,and I believe I have every right to ask you to deal with this problem.I hope that you either return my money 4._ _(或者给我派送一套新书).Besides,Id like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.5._(期盼你的回复).Li Huaordeliver a new set of books to meLooking forward to your reply
