1、Unit 5What an adventure!Step 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识.细品味经典文章(2020全国卷)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitkenbasin.Landing on the m
2、oons far side is extremely challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to thespacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists
3、 because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it means
4、 we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”Data about the moons composition,such as how much ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.按要求完成任务1.写出文中与本单元话题有关的词汇。_ 2.写出你所了解的与本单元话题有关的词汇。_ spa
5、cecraft,unmanned,probe,challenging,satellite,orbit,signals,researchers,instruments,practicaladventure,take a risk,personal equipment,climbing boots,sunglasses,helmet,eight rings,compassStep 2 固本强基锻造语言能力.重点词汇1.attempt n.努力,尝试【典型例句】In spite of the fact that the police had warned them of the danger in
6、the ancient cave,these young men still made an attempt to explore it.尽管警方已警告这些年轻人洞里的危险,他们仍尝试勘探古洞。【词块必记】(1)make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事make an attempt at doing sth.试图做某事at the/ones first attempt第一次尝试in an attempt to do 试图做(2)attemptvt.试图,尝试attempt to do sth.试图做某事attempt an escape from the prison企图
7、越狱(3)attempted adj.未遂的,企图的【语境速测】单句语法填空They made no attempt _escaping.Zhang Jian made _attempt to swim across the English Channel.They decreased their production _an attempt to push the prices.She was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment for _(attempt)murder.ataninattempted【写作金句】Mary had worked har
8、d for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first attempt.玛丽为了她的生物考试勤奋学习,为的是在第一次尝试的时候她确保能通过。2.charge n.主管,负责【典型例句】He is in charge of the factory,that is to say,the factory is in the charge of him.他负责这个工厂,换句话说,这个工厂由他负责。【词块必记】charge sb.money for sth.为向某人要价sb.be in char
9、ge of sth.某人负责sth.be in the charge of sb.某事由某人负责free of charge免费【语境速测】单句语法填空They charged me five dollars _a cup of coffee.Ill be _charge of the whole factory next week,when the director is away.【写作金句】If I go back to work,the younger kids will have to be in the charge of my oldest daughter.如果我回去上班,这些
10、年幼的孩子们将不得不由我的大女儿照看。forin3.permit v.允许,准许,许可【典型例句】The ship was permitted to tie up in Boston harbour.该船获准在波士顿港口停泊。【词块必记】(1)permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事permit doing sth.允许做某事time permitting如果时间允许(2)permitn.许可证【熟词生义】Only once in his life had Douglas permitted himself to lose control of his emotions.道格拉斯
11、一生中只有一次情绪失控。(v.破例,放纵)【语境速测】单句语法填空The guards permitted me _(bring)my camera and tape recorder.They dont permit _(smoke)in the building.He has to apply for _permit,and we have to find him a job.一句多译如果天气允许,我们明天过来。We will come here,if _.We will come here,_.to bringsmokingaweather permitsweather permitti
12、ng【写作金句】Permit me to offer you my sincere congratulations.谨致衷心祝贺。.核心短语4.account for说明(原因等);(数量上、比例上)占【典型例句】To make herself understood,the interpreter was busy explaining carefully the terms involved in the contract and how they accounted for the profits.为了让她明白,这位翻译正仔细解释合同中的条款及这些条款如何带来利益。【词块必记】open a
13、n account开户头on account of为了的缘故for the account待结算日结账take.into account 把考虑在内【语境速测】完成句子How do you _the fact that unemployment is still rising?你怎样解释失业人数仍然正在增长这个事实?The sports meet was put off _/_rain.因为下雨,运动会被延期了。Some banks make it difficult _.一些银行把开户弄得很麻烦。We should _.我们应当把所有的困难都考虑进去。account foron accoun
14、t of because of to open an accounttake all difficulties into account5.figure out弄清楚;算出;想出;解决;理解;断定【典型例句】Once you figure out the characters of the compound sentences the teacher explained to us,you will have no difficulty doing your homework.一旦你弄清楚老师向我们解释的复合句的特点,做作业就不会有问题。【词块必记】figure sb.to be料想某人是fi
15、gure in把考虑在内【语境速测】单句语法填空Leaders of many countries have been trying _(figure)out what it is that makes China develop so fast.They really have a great time too:designing everything,drawing the blue prints,_(figure)out the angles(角)and so on.It didnt take the children long to figure _the correct answer
16、.to figurefiguringout.经典句式6.Last year,hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds,discomfort and danger.去年成百上千的人花大笔的钱体验他们所知道的包括拥挤、不适和危险的活动。【典型例句】He said he would come,and sure enough he came.他说过要来,果然,他来了。【句型公式】(1)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过
17、去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。(2)构成形式有:“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。“was/were+going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。【语境速测】完成句子They never knew that population _a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。I was told that he _ _home.有人告诉我他准备回家。He said the train _at six the next
18、morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。The teacher said that it _very difficult to make progress if I _ hard.老师说,如果我不努力学习,那就很难取得进步。would becomewould/was going to returnwas leavingwould bedidnt work【备选要点】1.failure n.失败,失败者,故障,破产【典型例句】He was a failure at his career.他是个事业失败的人。【巧学助记】failure表示“失败”,是不可数名词。表示“失败的人或事”,是可数
19、名词,这就是所谓的“抽象名词具体化”。类似的还有surprise,success,worry,danger,beauty等。【构词法】fail v.失败,不及格failure n.失败,失败者【语境速测】完成句子_.(谚)失败是成功之母。The marriage was _and they both wanted to be free of it.他们的婚姻很失败,两人都想摆脱它。If you _,you will be put back a year.如果你考试不及格,就会降级一年。Failure is the mother of successa failurefail your exam
20、inations【写作金句】Adrian almost gave his parents heart failure when he told them he was dropping out of college.当艾德里安告诉他父母他要从大学退学时,这几乎让他们如雷轰顶。2.take risks冒险【典型例句】Dont take risks of getting into the mystical cave.不要冒险进入那个神秘的洞穴。【词块必记】at risk处境危险at the risk of冒的危险at ones own risk自担风险face/run/take the risk
21、of冒危险risk doing sth.冒险做某事【语境速测】完成句子Youre _showing this to Kravis.你把这个给克拉维斯看会有很大的风险。He _alone without guns.他没有带枪冒险独自去了那里。Smoking places you _cardiovascular and respiratory disease.吸烟会大大增加你罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。taking a big riskrisked going thereat serious risk of3.succeed in成功【典型例句】He succeeded in getting t
22、he job.他成功地获得了这份工作。【词块必记】be successful in(doing)sth.成功做某事succeed in sth.在方面成功succeed to sth.继承(某事)succeed at在方面成功【构词法】succeed v.成功success n.成功;成功的人或事successful adj.成功的successfully adv.成功地【语境速测】完成句子It is said that he is _in this field so we are sure that he will meet with_this time.据说他在这个领域是一个卓有成就的人,
23、因此我们相信这次他一定获得成功。They _in climbing to the top of the mountain,that is to say,they_climbed to the top of the mountain.他们成功登上了山顶,也就是说,他们登顶成功了。a successsuccesssucceededsuccessfully4.astonish v.使吃惊,使惊讶【典型例句】She astonished us by saying she was running away from home.她说她要离家出走,令我们大为惊讶。【词块必记】be astonished to
24、 do惊讶地做be astonished at 对感到惊讶be astonished that.惊讶(接从句)to ones astonishment使某人惊讶的是【构词法】astonish+mentastonishment n.惊讶【语境速测】单句语法填空He was _(astonish)to learn hed won the competition.My parents looked _(astonish)at my news.Much to my _(astonish)she still remembered my name.I was astonished _the rapid p
25、rogress he has made.astonishedastonishedastonishmentat5.Its totally up to you.完全由你决定。【典型例句】It is up to you to decide whether well go climbing tomorrow.明天我们去不去爬山,这事由你定夺。【句型公式】It is up to sb.to do sth.表示“应由某人做某事”。it作形式主语。be up to 表示“从事于,忙于”,后面接名词、代词或-ing形式等。【语境速测】完成句子_the four of us moving.该由我来召集我们四个人
26、动起来。Li Ping _.李平不能胜任他的工作。_paid between five and six thousand dollars.多达20,000名学生支付了5,000到6,000美元。It is up to me to getis not up to his workUp to twenty thousand students6.Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars,as well as those who climb Q
27、omolangma.心理学家弗兰克法利花费了数年研究那些从飞机里跳出、开快车、和攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人们。【典型例句】People often complain about how children spend so much time playing computer games.人们常抱怨孩子花太多时间玩电脑游戏。【句型公式】(1)sb.spend(s)some time/money on sth.或sb.spend(s)some time/money(in)doingsth.某人花费时间、钱做某事。(2)It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费了某人多少时间
28、。(3)sb.pays(sb.)some money for sth.某人花钱(给某人)买了什么东西。【语境速测】单句语法填空The time I spend _(commute)every day adds up to three hours.You really shouldnt spend so much effort _mutingon完成句子I _a week _reading the book.我花了一周时间读完这本书。It _to Beijing.我在北京旅游了三天。My father _the desk.我父亲花了40英镑买了这张书桌。The car _ten thousand
29、 US dollars.这车花去他一万美元左右。spent(in)finishingtook me three days to travelpaid 40 pounds forcost him aroundStep 3 强化检测提升学习能力.单句语法填空1.(2020江苏高考)When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later,his parents _(attempt)to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.2.(202
30、0全国卷)We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our_(fail).3.(2019全国卷)In that sense,Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like _(admit).attemptedfailuresto admit4.(2020浙江高考)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,which was_(surround)by a high wire f
31、ence.5.(2019北京高考)Since he first started volunteering his car to the young people,Wilson has covered an _(astonish)64,000 miles,and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school.surroundedastonishing.完成句子1.He could not _his absence from
32、 school.他无法说明他旷课的原因。2.The performers have all offered their services _.演员们都愿意免费出演。3.He saved my life _his own.他冒着生命危险救了我的命。account forfree of chargeat the risk of4.Beijing provides all kinds of recreational activities,although _ _what you enjoy most.北京给人们提供了各种各样的娱乐活动,当然,还是要你来看(决定)自己最喜欢玩什么了。5.Theyre
33、trying _the politics of this whole situation.他们正试图弄明白整个形势背后的权术争斗。it is up to you todecideto figure out.语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)Today,as soon as I finished 1._(eat)the delicious dishes my mother made,I hurried outside,because I attempted to take risks of exploring the seabed with my friends.On the beach,my
34、friends were 2._(astonish)to find asubmarine bubble boat.We walked into the cab with 3._(excite).Our undersea bubble ship 4._(gradual)sank from the surface to the bottom of the sea.What a magical sea world!Colorful coral,algae(海藻)floating with the waves,and many beautiful fish 5._(surround)our boat.
35、Myeatingastonishedexcitementgraduallysurroundedmood was tense with alarm.Suddenly,a huge shark appeared in front of us.My friends pressed the attack button and a shot hit the shark.After a while,the shark was injured,but the injury was obviously nothing to him.Then,the shark became even 6._(much)ang
36、ry and his eyes glared 7._us at the moment.Just then my hand pressed another button.The bubble boat unexpectedly spoke:“Hello,my friend.”Hearing the voice,the shark became gentle.He smiled at us,swung his tail,and turned 8._friendly.Seeing this scene,I understood that human beings should care about
37、animals.Only in this way 9._human beings and animals live in peace.At last we succeeded in returning to the surface.moreatawaycan/will 10._we experience today not only brought us joy,but also taught us a good lesson.WhatStep 4 直击高考培养思维品质.话题与阅读理解(2020天津高考阅读理解B)“They tell me that youd like to make a s
38、tatue(塑像)of me is that correct,Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep,gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter,especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes,sir,”she replied,her dark eyes meeting his.“I wouldnt have dared to ask you,but
39、my teacher,Mr Mills,says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner.”President Lincoln smiled.“Painters,sculptorstheyve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face,but Im afraid theres not much hope.What did you have in mind,Miss Ream?A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say yes,the Presid
40、ent hurried on,a shade of apology in his voice.“Of course I shouldnt have asked.A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”Vinnies face turned red.She realized she looked like a child,with her tiny figure.“Small does not mean weak,sir,”she defended herself.“I was
41、 born in the country of Wisconsin.Ive driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full-length clay(黏土)figure would not exhaust my strength and that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes,brightened at her show of spirit.“Sorry,madam,I have underestimated you as I didnt know your backgroun
42、d.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers,in thought.“Miss Ream,”he sighed,“Id like to let you do it,but as you know,we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now?I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted th
43、e size of his office.“I work quickly,”she said.Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows.“If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon,I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider he
44、r idea seriously.He got up and shookVinnies hand warmly,“Ive heard that you are a talented young woman,and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.I cannot make my decision immediately,but you will hear from me soon.”The very next day,Vinnie received an invitation from the President.【文章大意】
45、本文为记叙文,讲述一位17岁的来自威斯康星州的少女维尼为第十六任美国总统亚伯拉罕林肯塑像的故事。在两人的对话过程中,自信的维尼用自己的智慧和应变能力,打消了总统的顾虑,说服了总统自己是有能力在他日理万机的行程中为他塑像的。1.What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?A.Her aggressive personality.B.Mr Millss encouraging remark.C.President Lincolns gentle voice.D.Her interest in a chal
46、lenging job.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中“I wouldnt have dared to ask you,but my teacher,Mr Mills,says I am ready.”可知,是米尔斯的鼓励性话语给了维尼信心。2.How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?A.Pleased.B.Thrilled.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据原文对话,即第四、五段,从总统说的话.but Im afraid theres not much hope.
47、What did you have in mind,Miss Ream?A bust?以及would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.可知,无论是从雕塑的大小还是雕塑者的体量上,总统都不抱有希望,表现出林肯总统一开始持质疑的(Doubtful)态度。3.Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting_.A.her experience from other projectsB.her innocent childhood
48、 in the country C.the heavy labor she had done beforeD.the skill she picked up in Wisconsin【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第六段维尼回顾了自己的出身,小时候从事体力活的成长经历来强调:Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength。因此,维尼是用之前从事过的体力活来证明自己能够为林肯总统制作全身雕塑。4.Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to _.A.achi
49、eve effects of natural lightingB.keep all her tools within easy reach C.observe the President at a right angleD.avoid disturbing the Presidents work【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第八段:“but as you know,we are in the middle of a war.How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now?”总统表示自己工作繁忙,无法抽出时间来配合制作
50、雕像。因此,维尼在第九段提出了自己的建议“If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon,I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk”,可以推断出,是为了避免打扰总统的日常工作。5.What message does the story convey?A.A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B.Experience helps to promote excellence.
51、C.Ups and downs make one strong.D.Devotion requires enthusiasm.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。维尼据理力争,赢得了为总统制作全身雕像的机会。她的经历向我们证明了,有志者事竟成,即“A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.”。【微技能点拨】针对性解答推理判断题解答推理判断题时,首先要弄清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。以便于有的放矢采取不同策略做出推断。如果是针对细节的推断,可迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。本文的第1题是推
52、理判断题。具体解题步骤如下:Step 1确定题干关键词:what gave Vinnie confidenceStep 2回到原文准定位:I wouldnt have dared to ask you,but my teacher,Mr Mills,says I am ready.I plan to make it in an admirable manner.Step 3对比选项选最佳:尝试解答_。B【语用提能】话题词汇calm,nervous,dare,tiny figure,weak,defend,strength,spirit,background,confident,talented
53、短语make a statue of,make it,make the best of,have in mind,a shade of,much too,turn red,make my decision,hear from【微语法填空】(2020 天津高考阅读理解B改编)Miss Vinnie Ream wanted to make a statue of President Lincoln.But 1._(ask)a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter,2._(especial)for a sev
54、enteen-year-old girl.She still planned to make 3._.4._(hear)the words“A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”from the President,Vinnie said,“I was born in theaskingespeciallyitHearingcountry of Wisconsin.Ive driven 5._(team)of horses and carried water.Making
55、a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength and that is 6._I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes,7._(bright)at her show of spirit.“Sorry,madam,I have underestimated you as I didnt know your background.”“Id like to let you do it,but I hardly have a minute to 8._(I).”“I work quickly,”she sai
56、d.“If I were 9._(bring)my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon,I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”teamswhatbrightenedmyselfto bringThe very next day,Vinnie received an invitation from the President,10._ was a surprise to all.which.话题与写作(2019浙江6月高考)阅读下面短文,根
57、据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guideto Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,“Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think theyre building their chil
58、drens confidence,when,in fact,itmay be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way thats insincere,make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other directi
59、on.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise?Experts say that the quality of praise is more impor
60、tant than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of P
61、arenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regar
62、dless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report.But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount
63、 of effort your child has put into it._Step 1 写作技巧1.通读全文,确定体裁,明确主题体裁:议论文主题:家长对孩子的表扬2.定位主题句和关键词,变换表达方式(同义转换)By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think theyre building their childrens confidence,when,in fact,it may be just the opposite.Nowadays,parents tend to _,hoping to boost their confidence,but
64、it may produce the opposite effect.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough.No praise from parents also _their self-confidence.offer considerate praise to their childrendoes harm toExperts say that the quality of praise is more im
65、portant than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.Experts claim that the quality of praise is more _,which focuses on the kids effort _outcome.Praise should be given on a case-b
66、y-case basis and _the amount of effort your child has put into it.Praise should _childrens amount of effort.significantrather thanbe proportionate tobe equal toStep 2 妙笔成篇(适当添加衔接词)Nowadays,parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children,hoping to boost their confidence,but it may produce the opposite effect.However,no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence.Therefore,experts claim that the quality of praise is more significant,which focuses on the kids effort rather than outcome.Anyway,praise should be equal to childrens amount of effort.
