1、三十五 选择性必修 第三册 Unit 5Learning from nature(限时35分钟).阅读理解A (2021济南模拟)Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage(绷带)that can signal the type of bacterial(细菌的)infection its protecting,just like a traffic light,as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.The traffic light system works j
2、ust like this:Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria,yellow means drug-sensitive(DS)bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics(抗生素)and causes antibiotic release,and red means drug-resistant(DR)bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.In testing the bandage on mice,the resea
3、rch team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method.However,the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time,the requirement for professional personnel,and expensive instruments.Moreover,the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacteri
4、al resistance.Its easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations.Treatment doesnt have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis,and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity.Whats more,the person wearing the bandage gets real
5、-time feedback on whats happening with the infection,if theres an infection at all.The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light,including photodynamic therapy or PDT.Weve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years,th
6、anks to advances in science like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out,speeding up the healing process.Then theres the novel bandage for treating burns,which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.The more work that a bandage can do while its pr
7、otecting a wound,the better.Efforts to improve bandages continue and now weve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics,but also tells the patient exactly whats going on too.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带,它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型,并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。1.What is the sma
8、rt bandage mainly designed to do?A.Avoid the use of antibiotics.B.Clear out harmful bacteria.C.Detect bacterial infections.D.Increase treatment options.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection its protecting,just like a
9、traffic light,as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.可知,科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带,它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型,并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知,智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C。2.What is the advantage of the smart bandage?A.It saves much time and cost.B.It removes the risk of infection.C.It prevents the bacterial resista
10、nce.D.It improves doctor-patient relationship.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中However,the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time,the requirement for professional personnel,and expensive instruments.可知,然而,常用的电阻检测方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。以及第三段第一句Its easy to see how a simple bandage and light could
11、overcome some of these limitations.可知,很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知,智能绷带的优点是节省了很多时间和成本。故选A。3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A.Traditional bandages are out of use now.B.More smart bandages will be developed.C.Progress in science calls for more research.D.People are urged to study med
12、ical science.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Efforts to improve bandages continue and now weve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics,but also tells the patient exactly whats going on too.可知,改进绷带的努力仍在继续,现在我们有了一种绷带,不仅能释放抗生素,还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知,更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。4.What does the text focus on?A.A successfu
13、l test on mice.B.A colour-changing bandage.C.Sensing drug-resistant bacteria.D.Preventing abuse of antibiotics.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage that can signal the type of bacterial infection its protecting,just like a traffic light,as well as release the righ
14、t type of drugs on demand.可知,科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带,它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型,并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。结合文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知,文章的重点是智能绷带。故选B。B Mary Anning was an English fossil(化石)collector,dealer and paleontologist(古生物学家).Her fossil-hunting helped change the way people thought about the world.Mary was born
15、 into a poor family in England on May 21,1799.She lived in the seaside town of Lyme Regis,in Dorset.The family had nine children.Only Mary and her brother Joseph grew up.Marys father took his children along the beach.They picked up shells and stones to sell to visitors.Mary did not go to school much
16、.Her family was too poor.And schools did not teach children about fossils.Mary could read and write.She taught herself.She learned about rocks and how bodies are made.In 1811 when Mary and Joseph were fossil hunting,Joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock.Mary had a hammer to chip away at the roc
17、k.Very carefully she uncovered it.She found the first complete fossil of the ichthyosaur(鱼龙).Since then,Mary became crazy about fossil hunting.She liked to hunt on the beach after a storm.The wind,rain and waves made the rocks crumble.It was easy to spot fossils.Most days Mary went fossil hunting wi
18、th her dog,Tray.Rich friends helped Mary by selling fossils for her.They sent her money.Scientists wrote letters and came to see her.One good friend was William Buckland,a professor at Oxford University.Mary also opened a shop to sell fossils,stones and shells.She chatted with visitors.Mary Anning d
19、ied in 1847.How evolution(进化)works was explained by Charles Darwin not long after Mary died.Her fossils had helped scientists understand how things began.【文章大意】本文为人物说明文。本文讲述了Mary Anning的生平事迹,Mary是英国的化石收集者、经销商和古生物学家,她的化石搜寻帮助人们改变了对世界的看法。5.Why did Marys father take his children along the beach?A.To enj
20、oy life.B.To make a living.C.To look for fossils.D.To teach them about fossils.【解析】选B。细节推理题。根据第二段Mary was born into a poor family.Marys father took his children along the beach.They picked up shells and stones to sell to visitors可知,Mary家境贫寒,父亲带着孩子沿海滩捡拾贝壳和石头卖给游客,以维持生计。故选B。6.What can we learn about Ma
21、ry?A.Her father was a paleontologist.B.Her father educated her at home.C.She had nine brothers and sisters in all.D.She might be popular at that time.【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第四段和第五段内容可知,自从发现了鱼龙化石,Mary迷上了化石,有钱的朋友帮她卖化石,科学家们写信来看她,她还开了一家商店卖化石、石头和贝壳,因此推断那时候她很受欢迎,故选D。7.Who was the first one to catch sight of the ro
22、ck containing the first complete ichthyosaur fossil?A.Charles Darwin.B.Marys dog.C.Joseph.D.Mary.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段In 1811 when Mary and Joseph were fossil hunting,Joseph saw a bone sticking out of the rock可知,Joseph首先看到了鱼龙化石。故选C。8.What does the underlined word“crumble”in the fourth paragraph mean?A.
23、breakB.shakeC.floatD.dive【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第四段She liked to hunt on the beach after a storm.The wind,rain and waves made the rocks crumble.It was easy to spot fossils可知,她喜欢在暴风雨后到海滩上搜寻化石,因为风、雨和海浪会使岩石崩裂,很容易发现化石。故选A。【难句释疑】In 1811 when Mary and Joseph were fossil hunting,Joseph saw a bone sticking out of th
24、e rock.分析:when引导时间状语从句;sticking out of the rock是现在分词短语,作宾语补足语。翻译:在1811年当Mary 和 Joseph寻找化石的时候,Joseph看到一块骨头在岩石中突出来。.完形填空(2021济南模拟)One day I was sleeping in my chair when I woke up to the sound of a car crash.I sat up and looked 1out my window.Across the street,a car had just backed into a chain-link f
25、ence.The car must have been moving fast,2it was in bad shape.The fence was bent out exactly the 3of the cars back end.I watched the driver get out of the car.After a few seconds of4the damage,the man tried to put the fence back into the place.His first attempt failed and he tried a little harder.He
26、grabbed its vertical support pole and pulled against it with his full 5.The pole suddenly 6and the man fell hard onto the ground.The entire fence fell on top of him,and one of his shoes 7and landed 10 feet away on the sidewalk.I laughed out loud.The mans failure was8my whole day.He climbed out from
27、under the9fence and went back to the apartment building.That,I thought,would be the10of it.The man was going to leave all the chaos behind for someone else to 11.However,the man12a few minutes later with some tools.For the next hour,I 13out my window as he doggedly fixed the fence and even improved
28、it.Now the fence would be extra secure,stronger than before.This man was actually a hero and I was embarrassed by my14judgments.Years later,I still look out my window at that fence almost every day.It makes me 15what else that man has improved,and how I can make myself more like him.【文章大意】本文是记叙文。讲述作
29、者目睹了一场车祸,出事的车辆把栅栏撞坏了,司机坚持修好栅栏。作者本以为司机开始修不好就放弃了,后来司机坚持修好了栅栏,作者因为自己的不公平判断感到很尴尬,认为司机是一个英雄,自己应该向他学习。1.A.graduallyB.especiallyC.immediatelyD.generally【解析】选C。根据上文I woke up to the sound of a car crash可知,我被车祸声惊醒,因此我立刻坐起来向窗外看,故选C。2.A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.although【解析】选B。根据句意可知,前后文是因果关系。故选B。3.A.beginningB.direc
30、tionC.centerD.shape【解析】选D。根据上文可知,车被撞得变形,因此推断,被撞的栅栏弯出了一个车的形状。故选D。4.A.assessingB.mentioningC.limitingD.avoiding【解析】选A。上文说栅栏被撞出了一个车的形状,结合下文the man tried to put the fence back into the place可知,评估以后,司机企图把栅栏恢复原形。故选A。5.A.equipmentB.sightC.wisdomD.weight【解析】选D。根据上文He grabbed its vertical support pole and pu
31、lled against it可知,司机用全部的重量拉栅栏。故选D。6.A.brokeB.burntC.lightenedD.rose【解析】选A。根据下文the man fell hard onto the ground可知,这个人摔倒在地上,因此杆子断了。故选A。7.A.moved onB.passed byC.flew offD.turned up【解析】选C。根据下文landed 10 feet away on the sidewalk可知,鞋子飞了出去。故选C。8.A.wastingB.brighteningC.completingD.controlling【解析】选B。根据上文I
32、laughed out loud.可知,那一天我很快乐。故选B。9.A.fallenB.hiddenC.lockedD.related【解析】选A。根据上文The entire fence fell on top of him可知,栅栏倒塌了。故选A。10.A.planB.formC.causeD.end【解析】选D。根据下文However,the man_a few minutes later with some tools.可知,我认为这件事就这样结束,然而这个人几分钟后带着工具又回来了,故选D。11.A.give awayB.clean upC.learn fromD.refer to【
33、解析】选B。根据leave all the chaos behind for someone else可知,留给别人清理所有的混乱。故选B。12.A.quitB.hesitatedC.approvedD.appeared【解析】选D。根据下文as he doggedly fixed the fence and even improved it可知,这个人又出现了。故选D。13.A.workedB.countedC.watchedD.guessed【解析】选C。根据out my window可知,我看着窗外,看到这个人一直在修栅栏。故选C。14.A.unbalancedB.uncertainC.
34、unfairD.unhurried【解析】选C。根据上文提到的This man was actually a hero and I was embarrassed可知,我因为我不公平的判断感到尴尬。故选C。15.A.wonderB.observeC.explainD.challenge【解析】选A。根据下文提的两个疑问what else that man has improved,and how I can make myself more like him可知,我想知道这个人还能取得什么别的进步,我如何更像他。故选A。.语法填空An international team 1._(lead)b
35、y Chinese researchers has used gene-editing technology to produce“Pig 3.0”prototypes,a leap forward for life-saving organ transplants from animals to humans.2._(global),there is a huge gap 3._the number of people 4._need organ transplants and the number of organs available,said Yang Luhan,a correspo
36、nding author of the research as well as co-founder and chief executive officer of Qihan Biotech.It has long been hoped 5._the challenge could be reduced through animal organ transplantsa concept known as xenotransplantation(异体移植).Pigs have been especially promising candidates due to 6._(they)similar
37、 size and physiology to humans.But one of the 7._(big)safety concerns has been the fact that most mammals,including pigs,contain a harmful virus in their genomespresent in all their living cellsthat are 8._(harm)to their native hosts but can lead to disease in other species.Some scientists said“Pig
38、3.0”demonstrates critical progress toward what could be a truly transformational option for 9._(million)of patients.Yang told Xinhua that the transplant gap,cancer and COVID-19 are global issues.She noted that her team hopes to maintain close contact with outstanding scientists,doctors and regulator
39、y agencies around the world,so as to create globally recognized products.Yang said the study is only the first step toward xenotransplantation.The functional compatibility of organs between species remains a challenge for researchers.Whether transplanted porcine organs can function as fully as origi
40、nal human organs in maintaining hormone secretion and metabolic balance remains 10._(see).【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一支由中国科学家领衔的团队研究出了“Pig 3.0”,使器官移植用动物器官代替迈进了一大步。1.【解析】led。考查非谓语动词。这里是过去分词短语作后置定语。2.【解析】Globally。考查副词。修饰整个句子要用副词。3.【解析】between。考查介词。根据后面的and可以看出这里表示“在之间”。4.【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。who/that在这里引导定语
41、从句并在从句中作主语。5.【解析】that。考查名词性从句。that在这里引导主语从句,it是形式主语。6.【解析】their。考查代词。这里用their指代前面的pigs。7.【解析】biggest。考查形容词的比较等级。根据语境和前面的one of可以得出,这里用形容词的最高级。8.【解析】harmless。考查形容词。根据该词的位置和后面的but can lead to disease in other species可知,这里要用harmless。9.【解析】millions。考查数词。millions of表示“数百万计的”。10.【解析】to be seen。考查非谓语动词。这里表
42、示“有待于被证实”,所以用被动形式。【加固训练】阅读填句(2021哈尔滨模拟)Tips for Traveling with Your Parents Many of us have fond memories of traveling with our parents as children,which makes going on vacation with them as adults much more special.1But depending on your parents age,health,and preferences,going away together can al
43、so bring challenges.Here are tips to help make sure everyone has a good time.Find a point person.2Its best when there is a single point person for planning who becomes the advocate for all members of the travel party.If mobility is an issue,try planning with Accessible GO,a platform that enables tra
44、velers to search by city or interest for wheelchair-friendly activities.Build in options.3Being aware of each travelers fitness and activity level is crucial in designing a route.For example,start with a slow-paced activity that everyone can enjoy such as wine tasting,and have more-energetic activit
45、ies,like hiking.4Consider buying insurance.Emergenciessuch as a missed flight or lost luggagecan happen at any age,so its wise to invest in travel insurance.Many policies cover medical emergencies as well as everyday travel mishaps(小事故).5Some insurance supplements even arrange air medical transfers
46、to the travelers hospital of choice.A.Be optional.B.Its a chance to return the favor.C.Make sure those who get ill are well attended to.D.As our parents are aging,they should not travel alone.E.Be sure to do your homework as some policies are better than others.F.Having one person in charge can sign
47、ificantly minimize stress and confusion.G.The most important thing is striking a balance between activities and free time to ensure that no one gets exhausted.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要就如何和父母在旅行中拥有一次愉悦的经历提出了一些建议。1.【解析】B。考查上下文推理能力。上文讲述的是我们中很多人有着小时候和父母一起旅游的美好记忆。作为成年人和父母一起旅游会更特别。下文说了根据父母的年龄、健康等,和父母一起外出也会带来挑战,
48、并提出一起出去玩得开心的一些建议。由此可以推出,空格处作者想要再次和父母出去旅游,并解释为什么要一起出去旅游。B选项(这是一个回报的机会。)符合语境,故选B。2.【解析】F。考查上下文推理能力。空格位于第二段的第一句,其段落的标题为“找一个重要的人”,其下文紧接着也讲了最好有一个专门负责计划的人。由此可知,空格处会说有一个负责的人的好处。F选项(有一个负责的人可以极大地减少压力和混乱。)符合语境,故选F。3.【解析】G。考查上下文推理能力。空格位于第三段的第一句。其段落标题为“设置选择”,其下文说的是了解每个旅客的健康状况和活动水平对路线设计至关重要。由此可推断空格处为总起句。G选项(最重要的是在活动和空闲时间取得平衡,确保没有人筋疲力尽。)符合语境,故选G。4.【解析】A。考查上下文推理能力。上文说了在确保活动和空闲时间取得平衡的情况下可以自己选择喜欢的活动,并列举了几个例子供选择。A选项(请随意选择。)符合语境,故选A。5.【解析】E。考查上下文推理能力。上文讲述的是许多保险包括医疗紧急情况和日常旅游意外事件,下文说的是一些补充保险甚至安排了旅客的航空医疗转移到旅客选择的医院。由此可知每个保险的政策不一样。E选项(一定要做好功课,因为有些(保险)政策比其他(保险)政策好。)符合语境,故选E。
