1、Unit 6 At one with nature必备词汇速记【重点单词快速记】wrap vi.&vt.包,裹sheet n.(冰或水等的)一大片dynasty n.朝代region n.地区,区域therefore adv.因此,由此steep adj.陡的,陡峭的soil n.土壤shallowadj.浅的prevent v.阻挡,防止design v.设计replace v.以替换,更换material n.材料living adj.活的,活着的narrow adj.狭窄的,不宽的climaten.气候inside adv.在(建筑物、房间)内publish v.出版expert adj
2、.内行的,专家的branch n.树枝system n.系统【拓展单词联想记】completion n.完成,结束 complete v.完成,结束harmony n.融洽相处,和谐harmonious adj.和谐的harmoniously adv.和谐地,调和地harm v.伤害,损害 harmful adj.有害的,能造成损害的harmless adj.无害的agriculture n.农业 agricultural adj.农业的;农艺的consumer n.消费者consume v.消耗;消费;耗尽 consumption n.消费;消耗priority n.优先处理的事,当务之急
3、prior adj.(时间、顺序等)先前的,优先的beauty n.美,美丽 beautiful adj.美丽的;出色的beautifully adv.漂亮地;美好地limited adj.有限的 limit n.极限,限度;vt.限制 limitless adj.无限制的,无界限的benefit n.好处,益处 beneficial adj.有益的;有利的energy n.力量,活力 energetic adj.精力充沛的,有活力的;积极的【重点短语高效记】be home to是的所在地;是的家园pass down流传;使世代相传prevent.from.阻止;制止in harmony wi
4、th与和谐相处;与协调一致reflect on仔细考虑;回想,回顾wash away冲走,冲掉be located in位于;坐落于green fingers 高超的种植技能as well as和,也,又lead to引起,导致check out核实;结账离开be good for有益于;对有好处核心词汇探究Period 1Starting out&Understanding ideasNO.1 prevent vi.&vt 阻挡,防止【教材语境】The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being wash
5、ed away.(P63)水平的梯田能够储存雨水,防止土壤流失。【语块归纳】prevent/stop/keep.from doing sth.阻止做某事protect.from/against sth.保护不受侵袭keep.doing sth.使一直做某事【语境助记】We were prevented from watching the performance because of the heavy rain.由于大雨,我们未能观看演出。Im terribly sorry to keep you waiting so long a time.很抱歉让你等了那么久。It has been pr
6、oved that eating vegetables helps to protect you against/from serious illnesses.事实证明,多吃蔬菜有助于预防严重疾病。【链接高考】(2020新高考全国卷)Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.仔细遵守所有规则,以防被取消资格。NO.2 harmony n.融洽相处,和谐【教材语境】But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harm
7、ony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.(P63)但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。【语块归纳】in harmony with.与协调一致;与和谐相处in harmony和睦地,和谐地be out of harmony with.与不一致,不协调harmoniousadj.和谐的【语境助记】As we all know,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.众所周知,我们要生存下去的唯一方式就是要与大自然和谐
8、相处。The color of the curtain is out of harmony with the sitting room.窗帘的颜色与客厅的颜色不协调。Building a well-being and harmonious society is what we have been struggling for.建设幸福和谐的社会是我们一直奋斗的目标。【链接高考】(2018全国卷)The harmony of old and new.新旧之间的和谐。NO.3 design v.设计 n.意图;设计【教材语境】The terraces are cleverly designed,w
9、ith hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.(P63)这些梯田设计巧妙,其间有几百条水渠相互连通。【语块归纳】be designed for sb./sth.为(某种特定目的)设计be designed to do sth.为(某种特定目的)而设计by design有意地,蓄意地designer n.设计者;谋划者【语境助记】The method is specifically designed for use in small groups.这方法是专为小组活动设计的。This course of study is desig
10、ned to help those wishing to teach abroad.这个学习课程是为帮助那些想在国外教学的人而设计的。Do you think he was ignored at the party by design or by chance?你认为他在晚会上被忽视是故意的还是无意的?The pack is so nice and its designer is a young girl.这个包很漂亮,它的设计者是一个年轻女孩。【链接高考】(2020浙江高考)That is by design.这是有意为之。NO.4 harm v./n.伤害,损害【教材语境】These te
11、rraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish,some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.(P63)这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地,而一部分鸟和鱼又以危害水稻的昆虫为食。【语块归纳】do sb./sth.harm=do harm to sb./sth.对有害There is no harm in doing sth.=It does no harm to do sth.做某事并无害处。harmful adj.有害的be harmful
12、to.对有害harmless adj.无害的【语境助记】Her film was a complete failure,and this did a lot of harm to her image.她的电影彻底失败了,这使她的形象受到了很大的损害。They may not be able to help but there is no harm in asking them.他们可能帮不上忙,但是问他们一下倒也无妨。Too much pressure is harmful to your health.压力太大对你的健康有害。How to tell a poisonous snake fro
13、m a harmless one is very difficult.如何区别毒蛇和无毒蛇是很困难的。【链接高考】(2020全国卷)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.这些植物包括在叶子上印上传感器来显示缺水情况的植物,还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。Period 2Using languagere
14、place v.以替换;更换【教材语境】In sentence(a),can we replace“in which”with“where”without changing the meaning?(P65)在(a)句中,我们能在不改变意思的情况下用“where”代替“in which”吗?【语块归纳】replace.with/by.用替换in place of代替take ones place代替;就座take the place of代替take place发生【语境助记】Weve replaced the old adding machine with a computer.我们用电脑取
15、代了老式的加法计算器。A car accident took place not far outside the town,so we were held up on the way.在镇外不远处发生了一起车祸,所以我们在路上被耽搁了。I was so anxious that Jane took my place at the meeting.我是如此紧张以至于简代替我去参加了会议。I was ill and Mr Liu took the place of me to give lessons to the junior school students.我生病了,刘老师代替我给初中生上课。
16、You can use milk in place of cream in the recipe.这道食谱可以用牛奶代替奶油。【链接高考】(2020全国卷)Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replacefunctions of the things that we use every day.我们正在考虑如何设计植物来取代我们每天的日常用品功能。Period 3Developing ideasNO.1 limited adj.有限的【教材语境】But in cities,limited space has led to peo
17、ple looking for new solutions.(P70)但在城市里,有限的空间促使人们寻找新的解决方案。【语块归纳】be limited to sth.受限于某事/某物limit n.限度;限制;界限v.限制;限定set a limit to/on限制there is a/no limit to对是有限的/无限的limit.to.把限制在内【语境助记】Life is limited,but there is no limit to serving the people.人的生命是有限的,但是为人民服务是无限的。I believe teaching should not be li
18、mited to the classroom.我认为教学不应该局限在教室里。In my opinion,you had better set a limit to/on the expense of your exploration.在我看来,你最好限制一下探险的费用。【链接高考】(2019江苏高考)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limitedresources.对新技术影响的错误判断会导致有限资源的浪费。【图解助记】NO.2 benefit n.好处,益处【教材语境】What a
19、re the benefits of gardening?(P70)园艺的好处有哪些呢?【语块归纳】be of benefit to sb.对某人有益处for the benefit of.为了的利益benefit sb./sth.对某人/物有益benefit from/by.从中受益,得益于beneficial adj.有益的be beneficial to.对有益【语境助记】When she was a child,her parents inspired her to study hard for the benefit of the motherland.小时候,她的父母就激励她要为祖
20、国的利益努力学习。It is of great benefit to me to keep contact with friends.和朋友保持联系让我受益匪浅。Who exactly stands to benefit from these changes?到底是谁会从这些变革中获益?Cycling is beneficial to both health and the environment.骑自行车对于身体健康和环境都大有裨益。【链接高考】(2020江苏高考)The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest he
21、alth benefits from exercise,it may be wise to skip eating first.这些结果表明,要想从运动中获得最大的健康益处,最好先不吃东西。(2020全国卷)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.研究表明,竞走与跑步有许多健身益处,同时最有可能减少受伤。疑难句式破解【高频句式】句式1 过去分词短语作后置定语【教材语境】Imagine mountai
22、ns wrapped in silver water,shining in the spring sun.(P62)想象一下:春日,群山被银白色的水田包裹,在阳光下闪闪发光。【句式解构】wrapped in silver water是过去分词短语作后置定语。过去分词(短语)所表示的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系,表示该动作的被动和完成。【温馨提示】单个的过去分词作定语,常位于被修饰词之前,表示“被动和完成”。单个的不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成,不表被动。【语境助记】The girl punished by the professor yesterday evening i
23、s my classmate.昨天晚上被教授惩罚的女孩是我的同学。All the tools needed will be delivered to you at once.所需的所有工具将立即送达给你们。(2018全国卷)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.加入一个有导游引领的自行车旅行,参观华盛顿的一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。The Lifelong Learning Programme designed to enable people to take par
24、t in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.旨在让人们参与学习经验的终生学习计划已在欧洲各地兴起。句式2 as.as“像一样”结构【教 材 语 境】Reaching as far as the eye can see,these terraces cover tall mountains,often from the bottom to the very top.(P62)目之所及,梯田包裹着巍峨的高山,往往从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。【句式解构】句中含有as.as“像一样”结构。第一个as为副词,修饰形容词或副词原级。第二个as可以是
25、连词,引导比较状语从句;也可以是介词,后加名词或代词。当as.as中间有名词时,应采用以下格式:as+adj.+a/an+n.(单数可数名词)+asas+adj.+n.(复数或不可数名词)+asas+many/much+n.+as否定句式:not as/so.as.意为“不如”。.times as+adj./adv.+as.“是的几倍”,表达倍数的词必须置于比较结构之前(表达“两倍”时用twice)。【语境助记】This film about traditional culture is as interesting as that one.这部关于传统文化的电影和那部电影一样有趣。He do
26、esnt study as/so hard as his brother.他学习不如他弟弟努力。Thanks to the news media,we can get several times as much information as we did in the past.多亏了新闻媒体,我们能获得比过去多好几倍的信息。The digital camera you bought last week is twice as expensive as mine.你上周买的数码相机比我的贵一倍。句式3 “否定词+形容词/副词比较级”表示最高级【教材语境】And while many Brits
27、 like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass,some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.(P68)虽然许多英国人认为锄草是周日最棒的活动,但也有的人只要能坐在树枝下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。【句式解构】本句中nothing better 是形容词比较级与否定词连用,表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有:no,not,never,nothing
28、,nobody,hardly等,其意义为“再也没有比更的了”。最高级意义的多种表达法:否定词+so/as+形容词(副词)原级+as【语境助记】In my opinion,nothing is more pleasant than traveling.在我看来,没有比旅行更令人愉快的了。Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class./Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class./Tom is more intelligent tha
29、n anyone else in his class.汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。Never have I heard a better voice than yours.你的嗓音是我听过的最好的嗓音了。Nobody in our school is taller than John.约翰是我们学校个子最高的男孩子。【长难句分析】难句1 Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.(P62-63)【句子解构】【深度分析】本句为复合句。B
30、uilding the terraces是动名词作主语,that引导宾语从句,该从句中包含一个由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰the areas。【参考译文】建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大水稻的种植面积。难句2 Today,the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.(P63)【句子解构】【深度分析】本句为复合句。其中who引导定语从句,修饰visitors;c
31、reated by people and nature working together是过去分词短语作wonder的后置定语。【参考译文】如今,成千上万的游客慕名来龙脊梯田,欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。一、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句思维导图语法精讲突破二、基本构成及用法1.基本构成在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中,关系代词指物用which,指人用whom,不可用that或who代替。He is a respectable singer of whom we are proud.他是一位值得尊敬的歌唱家,我们为他感到骄傲。Thank you for your help,w
32、ithout which we couldnt have finished the task on time.谢谢你的帮助,没有你的帮助,我们就不可能按时完成任务。2.介词不能提前的情况有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有listen to,look at,depend on,look for,pay attention to,take care of,look after,take part in,call on,catch up with,get along with,hear of,look forward to等。This is the baby who/whom
33、 you will look after.这就是你将要照看的那个婴儿。As far as I know,he is a man who is hard to get along with.据我所知,他是一个很难相处的人。3.“介词+关系代词”的用法拓展(1)复合介词+关系代词用于该结构的关系代词有which,whom和whose。常用的复合介词有because of,in front of,as a result of,at the back of等。They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a boy.他们来到一座农舍,农舍前面坐着一
34、个男孩。(2)表示部分或整体概念的“代词+of+关系代词”表示部分与整体概念的代词有both,all,neither,none,either,some,any,most,few,one,half等。He has lots of hobbies,one of which is swimming.他有很多爱好,其中之一是游泳。They told friends and family about the decision,all of whom were supportive.他们告诉了朋友和家人这个决定,所有人都表示支持。(3)the+名词+of+关系代词此结构用来代替“whose+名词”,也可用
35、“of which the+名词”。They do experiments in a lab,the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows face south.他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。I will talk to those students the homework of whom/whose homework/of whomthe homework hasnt been done.我要和没完成作业的学生谈话。4.关系副词when,where,why可用“介词+which”来代替I often think of the moment when(=at which)I saw the UFO.我常常想起我看见不明飞行物的那一刻。The police searched the house where(=in which)the thief had stayed.警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。I dont know the reason why(=for which)he performed badly.我不知道他为什么表现差。本课结束
