1、Unit 3Family matters必备词汇速记【重点单词快速记】currentlyadv.现时,当前regularly adv.经常aim v.力求达到apologisev.道歉stress n.重音,重读strength n.强烈程度,优点admire v.钦佩,赞美,羡慕judge v.认为,判断career n.职业,事业memory n.记忆,回忆impact n.作用,影响settle v.和解,结束(争论)obviously adv.明显地,显而易见地entire adj.全部的,整个的enormously adv.非常,极其positive adj.好的,积极的observ
2、e v.庆祝,过(节日、生日等)sigh n.叹气,叹息(尤因厌烦、失望、疲倦等)character n.(书、剧本、电影等中的)人物,角色powerful adj.强有力的,有影响(感染)力的【拓展单词联想记】respect v.尊敬,敬重respectable adj.值得尊敬的respectful adj.表示敬意的ignore v.忽视,不理ignorance n.无知,愚昧profession n.职业,专业professional adj.职业的,专业的suit v.适合suitable adj.适当的,相配的talent n.天赋,才能talented adj.有才能的,多才的o
3、ption n.选择,可选择的东西optional adj.可选择的,随意的assume v.假定,假设,认为assumption n.假定;假设assuming conj.假设,如果responsible adj.(对 事 故、错 误、罪 行 等)负 有 责 任 的,应 承 担 责 任 的responsibility n.责任,职责,义务,任务【重点短语高效记】throw a party举行宴会in fact实际上,事实上turn to转向,求助于even if即使,尽管deepen peoples understanding of.加深人们对的理解focus on 集中注意力于take o
4、nes advice听从某人的建议in surprise吃惊地calm down(使)冷静,(使)镇静have a big impact on对影响较大核心词汇探究Period 1Starting out&Understanding ideasNO.1 approach vt.&vi.靠近,接近,走近;临近n.U(在距离或时间上的)靠近,接近;C方式,方法;路径,道路【教材语境】nervously approaching the table.(P27)紧张地靠近桌子。【语块归纳】an approach to通往的道路;的方法(注意to为介词)with the approach of.随着的来临
5、/临近at the approach of在临近的时候【语境助记】Walk softly as you approach the bed because the baby is sleeping.当你靠近床时,步子轻些,因为这个婴儿正在睡觉。The approach of the exam makes her very nervous.考试的临近使得她非常紧张。【链接高考】(2020浙江高考)In Bellevue,the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.
6、在Bellevue,对适应性信号灯的转变已经成为在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样。NO.2 focus vi.&vt.(把)集中(于)n.焦点;关注【教材语境】I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.(P27)我想专心做我的乐队,等(高中)毕业以后从事音乐行业。【语块归纳】(1)focus(ones attention/energy)on.集中(某人的注意力/精力)于focus ones eyes on.注视(2)the focus of attention关注的焦点bring.into f
7、ocus使成为焦点【语境助记】Recently,traffic jams have become the focus of attention.近来,交通堵塞已经成为关注的焦点。Youd better focus your attention on your studies.你最好把你的注意力放在功课上。【链接高考】(2020江苏高考)They pay more attention to them,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion(穷尽),and at the risk of the ridicule of their peer
8、s.他们更多地关注这些发现,他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步,冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。NO.3 assume v.假定,假设,认为【教材语境】You just assume I want to be a lawyer,but thats only because you are a lawyer.(P27)您以为我想做律师,可那只是因为您自己是律师。【语块归纳】(1)assume sb./sth.to be.假定/假设/认为某人/某事为It is(generally)assumed that.人们(普遍)认为(2)assumption n.假定,假设on the assumpti
9、on that.假定(3)assuming conj.假设,假如【语境助记】It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.认为经济将持续好转是有道理的。On the assumption that/Assuming you are a doctor,what should you do with the matter?假设你是医生,你应该怎么处理这个事情?It is assumed that stress is caused by too much work.人们认为压力是工作过重所致。NO.4 res
10、pect v.尊敬,敬重 n.尊敬,敬重;方面,细节;问候(复数)【教材语境】Lawyers help people and are respected by others.(P27)律师帮助人们并且受人尊重。【语块归纳】(1)respect sb.for sth.因为某事尊重某人show/have respect for.尊重(2)in every respect在各方面in many respects在许多方面give ones respects to sb.向某人问候/致意in respect of=with respect to至于,关于,就而言(3)respectable adj.值
11、得尊敬的;体面的,得体的respectful adj.表示敬意的,尊敬的【语境助记】Respect yourself,or no one will respect you.君须自敬,人乃敬之。She has always been honest with me,and I respect her for that.她一直对我很诚实,我一直敬重她这一点。I show my great respect for the respectable teachers in this respect.在这方面,我对尊敬的老师们表示崇高的敬意。With respect to/In respect of you
12、r other suggestions,I am not yet able to tell you our decision.谈到你的其他建议,我现在还无法把我们的决定告诉你。The reason why Jeff has to pick a team to support is not to earn respect from others but to avoid being bothered.杰夫不得不挑选一个团队来支持,不是为赢得别人的尊重,而是避免他人打扰。Period 2Using languageNO.1 responsible adj.(对事故、错误、罪行等)负有责任的,应承担
13、责任的【教材语境】Everyone is responsible for Grandmas birthday party.(P29)每个人都负责奶奶的生日聚会。【语块归纳】(1)be responsible for sth.对某事负责任;是某事的原因be responsible to sb.向某人负责任(2)responsibilityn.责任,义务It is ones responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的责任take responsibility for为负责【语境助记】You are an adult now and you need to take respo
14、nsibility for your actions.现在你是成年人了,你需要对自己的行为负责。It is your responsibility to look after the children.照看这些孩子是你的责任。【链接高考】(2019全国卷)In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinsteincame to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those out
15、comes,too.在分析他的研究和其他研究时,普林斯坦博士得出了另一个结论:讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果有关,而且也是促成那些结果的因素。NO.2 observe v.庆祝,过(节日、生日等);观察;注意到;遵守【教材语境】With a different theme each year,the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local,national and international levels.(P31)每年的这一天都有不同的主题,在地方、国家和国际各级组织各种各样的活动来庆祝。【
16、语块归纳】observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事(全过程)observe sb.doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事【语境助记】You should observe the local custom when you go abroad.你出国时应该遵守当地的风俗习惯。【链接高考】(2020天津高考)After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of avera
17、ge performance:curiosity and discontent.经过多年对人性的观察,我认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足。【温馨提示】observe sb.do sth.表示看到动作的全过程;observe sb.doing sth.表示看到正在进行的动作。observe sb.do sth.变为被动语态时,需将do前省略的不定式符号to补上,即sb.be observed to do sth.NO.3 range n.一系列;范围;种类vt.(在一定的范围内)变动/变化【教材语境】With a different theme each year,the da
18、y is observed with a wide range of events that are organised at local,national and international levels.(P31)每年的这一天都有不同的主题,在地方、国家和国际各级组织各种各样的活动来庆祝。【语块归纳】a wide range of一系列;各种各样的within/in range of在可及的范围内beyond/out of range of超出的范围range from.to.在和之间变化【语境助记】A wide range of colours and patterns are avai
19、lable.各种颜色和样式都有。Its beyond range of my ability.这件事超出了我的能力范围。【名师点津】range作“变动,变化”讲时,不用于进行时态。【链接高考】(2020全国卷)In any given office,employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.在任何一个特定的办公室内,员工年龄从22岁到70岁甚至更大,在沟通风格上找到共同点可能是一个挑战。NO.4apolo
20、gise v.道歉;谢罪【教材语境】Act out the conversation to apologise to a family member.(P31)表演向一个家庭成员道歉的对话。【语块归纳】(1)apologise for sth.因某事道歉apologise to sb.for(doing)sth.因(做了)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n.道歉,谢罪accept/refuse an apology接受/拒绝道歉demand an apology要求道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而向某人道歉【语境助记】T
21、he worker said that the boss must make an apology to him for the dirty words.那名工人说老板必须为说了脏话而向他道歉。She apologised to me for not replying to my letter in time.她因为没及时给我回信而向我表示歉意。【链接高考】(2020全国卷)After a while,she apologised for the way she behaved at the beginning.过了一会儿,她为自己一开始的行为方式道歉。Period 3Developing i
22、deasNO.1 obviously adv.明显地,显而易见地【教材语境】The Brownlee brothers have been doing triathlons since they were children.“Obviously,when your older brother is doing it,you think its a cool thing to do,”says Jonny.(P33)布朗利兄弟从小就做三项全能运动。“很明显,当你哥哥做这件事的时候,你认为这是一件很酷的事情,”琼尼说。【语块归纳】obvious adj.明显的,显而易见的be obvious to
23、 sb.对某人来说显而易见It is obvious(to sb.)that.(对某人来说)很明显【语境助记】The disadvantages are obvious to us.这些不利条件对我们而言是显而易见的。It was quite obvious to everyone that it had been a mistake.很显然每个人都认为它是个错误。NO.2 in the lead 处于领先地位【教材语境】With just 700 metres to go,Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother
24、,Jonny,was in the lead.(P32)仅有700米的路程,阿利斯泰尔布朗利排在第三,他的弟弟琼尼排在第一。【语块归纳】(1)take the lead(in doing sth.)带头(做某事)play the lead/the lead role主演(2)leadv.带路,领路;领导,带领;导致,造成lead sb.to sp.带某人去某地lead sb.into sth.使某人陷入(不良状态)lead sb.to do sth./lead to sb.doing sth.导致某人做某事lead an investigation/inquiry/campaign开展调查/询
25、问/运动【语境助记】The US took the lead in declaring war on terrorism.美国带头向恐怖主义宣战。He will play the lead role in Hamlet.他将主演哈姆雷特。A nurse took her arm and led her to a chair.有位护士搀扶她坐到椅子上。Her trusting nature often led her into trouble.她容易相信别人的性格经常使她遇到麻烦。His actions could lead to him losing his job.他的行为会导致他丢掉工作的
26、。【链接高考】(2020全国卷)Studies show that friendlier communication leads toa happier workplace.研究表明,更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所。NO.3 end up(尤指经历一系列意外后)结束,告终【教材语境】In fact,we ended up laughing and ate them all.(P35)事实上,我们最终笑了,把它们都吃了。【语块归纳】end up doing sth.最终还是做了某事;以做某事结束end up with以结束end up as最终成为end up like到头来和一样【语境助记
27、】I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction.我想知道那些画拍卖后的最终去处。Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a stomach upset.在这条河里游泳的人最终可能会出现肠胃不适。He could end up as President.他没准儿哪天会当上总统。疑难句式破解【高频句式】句式1 be+adj.+动词不定式【教材语境】But for Alistair,his decision was easy to explain:“Mum wouldn
28、t have been happy if Id left Jonny behind.”(P33)但对阿利斯泰尔来说,他的决定很容易解释:“如果我把乔尼落下,妈妈会不高兴的。”【句式解构】本句中his decision was easy to explain为“主语+be+adj.+动词不定式”结构。(1)常用于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词,如hard,difficult,pleasant,easy,comfortable,interesting等。(2)动词不定式和主语在逻辑上为动宾关系,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义;当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,要加上适当的介词。(3)不定式有
29、时会带上自己的逻辑主语,并由for引出。注意:表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词,后跟不定式表原因,不可用不定式的主动表被动。【语境助记】As the old saying goes:“Flowers are pleasant to look at but hard to grow.”正如俗话所说:“看花容易栽花难。”Im glad to be told this good news.我很高兴被告知这个好消息。句式2过去分词(短语)作状语【教材语境】Watched by millions,the ending to the race has divided opinions:should the
30、 brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions?(P33)这场比赛有数百万观众观看,人们对比赛结果存在分歧:是应该取消兄弟俩的比赛资格,还是对他们的举动大加赞扬?【句式解构】过去分词(短语)作状语时可以表示让步、条件、方式、原因、时间、伴随,表示方式或伴随时一般可转换为并列分句,其他情况下通常可转换为相应的状语从句。过去分词作状语时,构成分词的动词与分词的逻辑主语之间为动宾关系,且过去分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。【语境助记】Given a few minutes,Ill finish it.给我几分钟,我
31、就会完成它。The lady returned home,followed by Mr Holmes.那位女士回家了,福尔摩斯先生跟在她后面。【长难句分析】难句With just 700 metres to go,Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother,Jonny,was in the lead.(P32)【句式解构】【深度分析】该句的句首为with的复合结构,句子主干为两个并列分句,并列连词为and,分句都是主系表结构,其中第二个分句中包含了一个同位语Jonny。【参考译文】仅有700米的路程,阿利斯泰尔布朗利
32、排在第三,他的弟弟乔尼在第一。【语境助记】With a great many articles to write,he wont have time to go shopping this morning.他有那么多文章要写,今天早上不会有时间去买东西了。He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上,眼睛望着天空。With my homework finished,I gladly accepted her invitation.作业完成了,我欣然接受了她的邀请。时态1.一般现在时(1)构成:动词原形或动词的第三人称单数
33、形式。(2)基本用法一般现在时表示经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often,always,usually,sometimes,every day,once a week,rarely,seldom,hardly,ever,never等表示频率的副词连用。I often read books in my spare time.业余时间我经常看书。语法精讲突破一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mary is good at music.玛丽擅长音乐。一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或普遍真理。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。在主从复合句中,
34、当描述将来的事情时,主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Youll make great progress if you work hard!你如果努力学习,就会取得很大进步!一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作,通常限于表示“位置转移”的非延续性动词(词组),如go,come,leave,start,begin,open,close,arrive,take off等,其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语。The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.火车今晚7:25开。小说故事、电影、文学作品等的情节介绍、评
35、论等一般使用一般现在时。新闻报道类的内容,为了体现其“新鲜性”,也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。Harry Potter is set in the modern world.哈利波特以现代世界为背景。一般现在时常用于格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。2.现在进行时(1)构成:is/am/are+现在分词。(2)基本用法现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作,常与now,at present,at this moment,these days,this week/month等时间状语连用。All the classmates are rev
36、iewing the lesson in the classroom now.所有的同学现在都正在教室里复习功课。现在进行时常与always,continually,constantly,forever等表示频度的副词连用,表示经常、反复发生的动作,常含有厌烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常用于come,go,leave,depart,arrive,stay,start/begin,take o
37、ff等动词(词组)。The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.会议将在今天下午三点开始。3.现在完成时(1)构成:have/has+过去分词。(2)基本用法现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,但对现在造成一定的影响或结果,常与already,yet,never,before,so far,up to now等连用。I have already made a plan for my study ahead of time.我已经提前制订了学习计划。现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在,也许还会继续下去。常用的时间状语有:for+时间段,si
38、nce+过去的时间点,so far,recently,lately,this week,this month,this year,these days,during/in the last/past few years等。He has lived in London since three years ago.从三年前他就住在伦敦。注意:当现在完成时表示动作持续时,谓语动词应该使用延续性动词。He has bought this book for two months.()He has had this book for two months.()他买这本书已有两个月了。在“It/This i
39、s the first/second.last time+从句”与“It/This is the+序数词或形容词最高级+名词+that从句”这两个句型中,从句中要用现在完成时。This is the most interesting film that he has made.这是他拍的最有趣的电影。现在完成时可用在状语从句中代替将来完成时,这时从句的动作要先于主句的动作发生。Ill go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.我一完成作业就去参加聚会。4.一般将来时(1)构成:shall/will+动词原形,be going
40、to+动词原形,be(about)to do sth.(2)基本用法shall/will+动词原形,表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态,特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下临时决定去做的事情只能用此结构。I will/shall go to visit him next week.下周我将去拜访他。will+动词原形,表示习惯性动作或未来的倾向。Oil will float on water.油浮在水上。be going to+动词原形,表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算、有迹象表明要做某事。Look at the black clouds!It is going to rain.瞧那些乌云!要下雨
41、了。be(just)about to+动词原形,表示即将发生的事,常译为“刚要,就要”,不能与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但常与when连用。Please get everything ready.The experiment is about to start.请准备好。实验就要开始了。be to do表示按计划、职责、义务、约定要发生的动作。Who is to clean the classroom today?今天该谁打扫教室了?5.一般过去时(1)构成:动词过去式。(2)基本用法一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与明确表示过去的时间状语,如yesterda
42、y,last week,in 1949,in the past,a few days ago等连用。I graduated from No.1 Middle School three years ago.三年前我从一中毕业。注意:有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时,也要用一般过去时。例如:Your phone number again?I didnt quite catch it.再说一遍你的电话号码好吗?我刚才没听见。一般过去时表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。She got up,washed her face,cleaned her teeth
43、,had her breakfast and then went to work.她起床后,洗完脸,刷完牙,吃过早饭,然后就去上班了。一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与often,usually,sometimes等表示频度的词连用。When I was a teenager,I played table tennis almost every day.我十几岁时,几乎每天都打乒乓球。一般过去时表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。I didnt know you were here.How long have you been here?我不知道你在这里,你来这儿多久了?
44、在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时,表示过去将要发生的动作。He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不去了。【疑难点拨】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别概念不同一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去,与现在无关,属于“过去”的时态范畴;现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但强调的是对现在造成的影响和结果,属于“现在时”范畴时间状语不同一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,two days ago,last year等。现在完成时往往不与表示过去的时间状语连用,而是多与before,already,ever,never,ever since,since,for+时间段等连用 Have you seen my dictionary?Yes,I saw it on your bed yesterday.你见过我的词典吗?是的,我昨天看见它在你床上。本课结束
