1、Unit 1 ArtPeriod 3Learning About Language语法精析课语法精讲透析动词不定式作表语和定语【体验悟】朗读下列句子,体会动词不定式的用法Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages,the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.The best w
2、ay to do business is to build trust between you and your client.When you are faced with a serious decision,my suggestion is to listen to your own inner voice.The mother believes her duty is to raise her son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart.All he wanted after a tiring day was t
3、o be left alone.【生成得】动词不定式作表语_动词不定式作定语_【研学析】一、动词不定式作表语动词不定式置于be,become,sound,taste等系动词后面作表语时,常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用,其主语常常是 wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。His dream is to become an astronaut.他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.永远记住:你的主
4、要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。My main duty is to teach you English.我的主要责任是教你们英语。【内化用】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。His first step is _(set)a clear goal of life.What they need most now is _(get)some warm clothes.My important task is _(help)those in trouble.to setto getto help(2)完成句子。Her present ambition is _(去挣足够的钱买)a house for he
5、r parents.The aim of their talk is _(建立持久的和平)between their two countries.The best way to solve the problem is _(给他们一笔钱).to earn enough money to buyto build permanent peaceto give them a mount of money二、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时应放在被修饰词的后面。1.动词不定式作定语的几种情况:(1)动词不定式作定语可表将来的还没发生的动作。There are still many problems
6、to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前,还有许多要处理的问题。(2)序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式作定语。He was the last one to leave the lab.他是最后一个离开实验室的人。(3)抽象名词time,way,reason,chance,courage,ability,promise,attempt等后常用动词不定式作定语。He made a promise to come here on
7、time tomorrow.他许诺明天按时来这儿。Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand,even more so.兴趣对于学习来说,如同理解能力一样重要,甚至更重要。(4)something,nothing,anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。Do you have anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?I have nothing to tell you.我没有什么要告诉你的。2.动词不定式作定语与被修饰词之间可有一定的逻辑关系,常见的逻辑关系有:(1)动宾关系当动词不定式作定语与
8、被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系时,动词不定式既可用主动形式,也可用被动形式,这取决于动词不定式所表示的动作是否是由句子的主语发出的。Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(动词不定式to send所表示的动作执行者是“你”)Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗?(动词不定式to be sent所表示的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)(2)主谓关系动词不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,指的是被修饰词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。We need someone
9、 to help with the work.=We need someone that can help with the work.我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。【点拨迷津】作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时,如果不定式是不及物动词,或者该不定式本身有宾语,则不定式后面要加上相应的介词。Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把切东西的刀。3.动词不定式的时态和语态:时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done现在完成进行式to
10、 have been doing【内化用】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。The ability _(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.Robert is said _(travel)abroad,but I dont know which country he travelled to.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train _(catch).I have a lot of housework _(do)before the end o
11、f the week.Paul doesnt have to be made _(study).He always works hard.to expressto have travelledto catchto doto studyThe students are looking forward to having an opportunity _(explore)society for real-life experience.to explore(2)完成句子。When asked why she went there,she said she was sent there _(为培训)
12、the Olympics.“Do you have any clothes _(要洗)today?”the servant asked her.The rule says _(最后离开的)the office should remember to close the windows.My mother _(被迫放弃)teaching because of poor health.The light in the office is still on.Tom _(忘记关了).Its necessary for you _(锁车)when you do not use it.to be train
13、ed forto be washedthe last one to leavewas made to give upforgot to turn it offto lock the car【常温故勤总结】(1)动词不定式作表语时,常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用;(2)动词不定式作定语时应放在被修饰词的后面,表将来的还没发生的动作,可表示“主谓或动宾关系”。.单句语法填空1.We found a house _(live)in.2.All you have to do is _(finish)it quickly.3.I warned the patient not _(eat)cold f
14、ood after the operation.4.Another method for them is _(leave)at once.5.Give me a piece of paper to write _.6.I want to get something _(read).7.There are many books to choose _.课时素养达标to livefinishto eatto leaveonto readfrom8.Wed better find some work for the children _(do).9.Do you need some water _(
15、drink)?10.I need a pen to write _.to doto drinkwith.完成句子1.Lets find a room _.让我们找间房子把那些东西放进去。2.I have _.我有很多工作要做。3.My ambition is _.我的理想是成为一名工程师。4.Its our duty _.帮助穷人是我们的责任。to put those things ina lot of work to doto become an engineerto help the poor5.She is the best person _.她是完成该工作的最佳人选。to finish
16、 the work语法填空(2020会宁高二检测)I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate&Speech Tournament held in Shanghai.But instead of focusing on my 1._(fail),I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years 2._ a debater.In general,preparing for new debate topics usually 3
17、._(include)brainstorming arguments,researching a solution,and doing debate practice.So if you spot a debating group,you might see us sitting together after school,or even all day at weekends,discussing arguments and researching evidence.You might also notice us arguing 4._(fierce)anywhere we can.Not
18、 only are they supportive,but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine.As we discuss debate topics,my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything,from 5._ best way of reforming(使改过自新)criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies.However,our discussion are
19、more than just a way 6._(practice)our debating skills.In my mind,theyre helping us to become calm and consider 7._(win)and solving real problems as well.To me,the debating community is a great place 8._ people help each other not only because theyre interested in a higher cause,but because they care
20、 about how people from different 9._(background)can lead better lives.Im grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we get to spend together.Indeed,my high school life would be incomplete without them.So even though I 10._(defeat)in my last debate,Im still thankful for being part
21、of my wonderful debate family.【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者参加了高中辩论赛,却在最后一场失败了。回顾在过去的几年中自己作为辩手的经历,作者很感激能成为辩论社的一员。它不仅提高了作者的辩论技能,而且还教会了作者遇事要冷静。1.【解析】failure。考查名词。句意:但是我并没有过多地关注我的失败,而是开始反思在过去的几年中我作为辩手的经历。设空处位于形容词性物主代词之后,作focusing on的宾语,用名词形式,故填failure。2.【解析】as。考查介词。句意:但是我并没有过多地关注我的失败,而是开始反思在过去的几年中我作为辩手的经历。设空处表示“作为”
22、之意,故填as。3.【解析】includes。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:一般来说,准备新的辩论主题包括对论点进行头脑风暴争论、研究解决方法和进行辩论练习。根据时间状语In general和usually可知,此处该用一般现在时;主语为动名词短语,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填includes。4.【解析】fiercely。考查副词。句意:你可能也会注意到我们在任何地方都进行激烈的辩论。设空处修饰动词arguing作状语用副词,故填fiercely。5.【解析】the。考查冠词。句意:当我们讨论辩论主题的时候,我的辩友们和我可以讨论任何主题,从使罪犯改过自新的最好的方法到自由移民政策的负面影
23、响。设空处后有形容词最高级best,故填the。6.【解析】to practice。考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,我们的讨论不仅仅是一个练习辩论技巧的方法。a way to do sth.固定搭配,表示“做某事的一种途径/办法”,故填to practice。7.【解析】winning。考查非谓语动词。句意:在我看来,它们帮助我们变得冷静,并且思考如何赢得比赛和解决真正的问题。设空处作consider的宾语,用动名词形式,且设空处和solving real problems之间是并列关系,故填winning。8.【解析】where。考查定语从句的引导词。句意:对我来说,辩论社是一个很好的地方,在那
24、儿,人们相互帮助,不仅是因为他们都对更高的目标感兴趣,而且因为他们都关心怎么让来自不同背景的人们都过上更好的生活。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为a great place,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。9.【解析】backgrounds。考查名词。from是介词,后接名词。background表示“个人背景”时为可数名词,由different可知,此处表示复数,故填backgrounds。10.【解析】was defeated。考查动词的时态和语态。句意:所以,尽管在最后一场辩论中我失败了,我仍然很感激能成为很棒的辩论大家庭中的一员。根据in my last debate 可知,设空处用一般过去时;且主语I 和defeat之间为被动关系,用被动语态,故填was defeated。
