1、说理议论阅读理解基础练习（6）说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2011重庆,E)改编Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment,and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people,say skeptics,spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “eco-guilt” bro
2、ught on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book,The Skeptical Environmentalist,declares that it measures the “real sta
3、te of the world” as fine.Of course,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed,Mr.Lomborgs views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations,which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global wa
4、rming.So it was strange to see Mr.Lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise,even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg,the environment
5、al movement will begin to die down.”Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged.But only a different review appeared in Nature,a respected science magazine with specific readership.The review remarked that Mr.Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”.A crit
6、ical (批判的) eye is valuable,and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.Unfortunately,that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests.People might become half-blind before a world part
7、ially exhibited by the media.Thats a shame,because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.1.According to the passage,which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?()A.People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.B.People who disbelieve the
8、 serious situation of our planet.C.People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D.People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.2.Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs book?()A.Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.B.The
9、 book challenges views about the fine state of the world.C.The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D.Industry-funded media present confusing information.3.The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to .A.voice a different opinionB.find fault with Lomborgs bookC.challenge th
10、e authority of the mediaD.point out the value of scientific views4.What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?()A.To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B.To warn the public of the danger of half-blindness with reviews.C.To blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting
11、 information.D.To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。全文提出一种社会现象:有时候信息因为某种原因不能全方位呈现给公众。作者希望媒体应该公正、客观、全面地向公众提供信息。答案及剖析:1.B事实细节题。根据第一段的第二句“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.”可知,他们并不认为人类活动威胁着环境,即他们不相信地球环境那
12、样糟糕。故选B项。A项正好与这类人的观点相反;C项文中没有提及;D项是广大公众的观点。2.A事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“Of course,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.”可知,其中一个原因就是大公司为了自己的利益而支持,故选A项。3.A事实细节题。根据第四段可知,作者提到自然这本杂志是为了表明该杂志的观点与那些怀疑论者以及Lomborg书中的观点不同,故选A项。4.D主旨大意题。文章最后一段提到“A critical (批判的) eye is va
13、luable,and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.”作者希望媒体能够向公众提供更多的、全方位的信息,而不应该是片面的。【长难句子分析】 这种由关于我们这颗星球的令人沮丧的消息带来的“生态有罪”的观点给了这种怀疑论者产生的机会,因为人们要探索寻找更能令人欣慰的世界观。该句主语是The “eco-guilt”谓语动词是gives rise to;过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰主语;as引导的是原因状语从句。阅读理解。Why s
14、hould mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.Perhaps the
15、best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this ge
16、netic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.Explorati
17、on also allows minerals and other potential(潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical appli
18、cations which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副产品) of technolo
19、gical developments in the space industry!While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe w
20、as formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans
21、 would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.本文是一篇议论文，向我们阐述了人类进行太空探索的原因。人类的基因构成决定了人类探索其他领域包括太空的能力。人类探索太空可能暂时没有多大用处，但是在将来这可能会帮助人类生存下去。1Why does the author mention the que
22、stions in Paragraph 1?ATo express his doubts.BTo compare different ideas.CTo introduce points for discussion.DTo describe the conditions on Earth.答案：C。推理判断题。作者在第一段提出问题目的是引出下面要讨论的话题。2What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2?AHumans are natureborn to do so.BHumans have the tendency
23、to fight.CHumans may find new sources of food.DHumans dont like to stay in the same place.答案：A。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知人类探索太空的原因是其基因的构成。3The underlined word “spinoffs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to _.Asurvival chances Bpotential resourcesCunexpected benefitsDphysical possessions答案：C。词义猜测题。后面所说的“improve
24、ments in earthquake prediction，in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems”可知此处的划线短语意为“益处，好处”。4What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?AOur genetic makeup. BResources on the earth.CThe adaptive ability of humans.DByproducts in space exploration.答案：C。细节理解题。根
25、据最后一段的第一句话可知，人类的适应能力会让人类在其他星球生存下去。5Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?ASpace exploration has created many wonders.BSpace exploration provides the best value for money.CSpace exploration can benefit science and technology.DSpace exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Ear
26、th.答案：D。主旨大意题。A、B两项可以容易地排除。全文主要讲的是太空探索对帮助人类生存的益处，而不是对科技的益处。【阅读理解】-文化教育类-【2012天津卷】 B“I cant tell you how pleased I am to be here. I havent seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collectio
27、n of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I havent appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.”Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued：“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as
28、 I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.”“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a
29、great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and
30、models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.1What activity was organized for the school reunion?ASightseeing in the park. BA picnic on the school playground. CTelling stories about past events. DGrad
31、uates reports in the old building.2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates speech.B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates ways of teaching.C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.3. We
32、can learn from Ms. Yates speech that she_.A. kept track of her students progress B. gave her students advice on their careersC. attended her students college graduationsD. went to her students wedding ceremonies4. What was Ms. Yates belief in teaching teenagers?A. Teachers knowledge is the key to st
33、udents achievements.B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.C. Hardpushed students are more likely to succeed.D. Students respect is the best reward for teachers.5. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?A. Reliable and devoted. B. Tough and generous.C. Proud but patient.
34、 D. Strict but caring.【要点综述】Barditch High School组织学生、教师重聚。在聚会上Ms. Yates的一席发言打动了所有的人。1. C信息理解题。根据第一段中的 “Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.”可知答案。2. B推理判断题。根据第二段描述在Ms. Yates要开始讲话时学生们的表现可知，学生们对老师过去对他们的种种教学方式是有些反感的。3. A信息理解题。通读Ms. Yates的发言，特别是从 “but I have followed y
35、our careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students.”中可知答案。4. C信息理解题。根据 “It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me”可知
36、答案。5. D推理判断题。从 第二段最后一句“made them work harder than all the other teachers combined”以及 “I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students”可知答案。阅读理解。Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places：Visit art museums. They offer a variety of
37、 activities to excite your kids interest. Many offer workshops for making handmade pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings(签名) by childrens favorite writers, and even musical performances and other arts.Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models
38、 to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Preshow play shops are conducte
39、d by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet (木偶) making and stage makeup are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.Try handson_science. Visit one of the many handson science museums around the country. These science playlands are g
40、reat fun for kids and grownups alike. Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.1If a child is interested in the universe, he
41、 probably will visit _.Aa Youtheater Ban art museumCa natural history museum Da handson science museum2What can kids do at a Youtheater? ALook at rock collections. BSee dinosaur models. CWatch puppet making. DGive performances.3What does “handson science” mean in the last paragraph? AScience games d
42、esigned by kids. BLearning science by doing things. CA show of kids science work. DReading science books.4Where does this text probably come from? AA science textbook. BA tourist map. CA museum guide. DA news report.【要点综述】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了4则关于博物馆信息的广告。第一则：艺术博物馆；第二则：自然历史博物馆；第三则：木偶剧院；第四则：自己动手科学博物馆。1C细节理解题
43、。如果孩子对宇宙感兴趣，那你就得带孩子去“自然历史博物馆”。宇宙的内容是自然历史博物馆的一部分。根据第二则广告中的“This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.”可知C正确。2. C细节理解题。根据第三则广告中的“Puppet(木偶)making and stage makeup are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.”可知C正确。3
44、. B词义猜测题。根据文章中最后一则广告中的“Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building.”可知在这种博物馆中，孩子们通过按按钮、做实验和建东西去体验。所以B正确。4. C推理判断题。根据文章的第一句话“Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places：”和四则广告全是有关博物馆的内容可知，这是一则博物馆广告介绍，所以这取材于博物馆指南。
