1、Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero话题：人物描写(形象、身份)【场景背诵】体会黑体表达并背诵全文Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job (instructing us in Thinking Chess) was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hardearned.
2、 In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom. (2018高
3、考全国卷完形填空)【话题运用】根据提示进行写作1Mandy三十多岁，身材较胖。她有一头乌黑、卷曲的短发。她着装时尚，脸上总是挂着热情的微笑。Mandy is in her thirties and has a rather fat figure. She has a short, dark and curly hair and is welldressed. There is always a warm smile on her face.2玛利亚姆坐在她的床上，感到尴尬和困惑。她用手捂着脸，闭上了眼睛。她深呼吸着，直到她平静下来。她意识到，作为一个母亲，她此时不应该那么手足无措。Miriam
4、 sat on her bed, embarrassed and confused. She cupped her face with her hands and closed her eyes. She breathed and breathed until she felt calmer. She came to realize that as a mother, she shouldnt be at a loss at this time. 在认识的单词前打“”mean adj.warmhearted adj.easygoing adj. selfless adj.invader n.
5、republic n.principle n. livelihood n.giant adj. mankind n.leap n. fee n.passbook n. relative n.terror n. quote n.release vt. blanket n.1quality n质量；品质；性质2found vt.建立；建设3youth n青年；青年时期4stage n舞台；阶段；时期5vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决6attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击7escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开8beg vi.请求；乞求9relative n亲戚；亲属
6、10reward n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏11generous adj.慷慨的；大方的12president n总统；会长；校长；行长13opinion n意见；看法；主张1active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地activity n活动2devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚3peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦4guidance n指导；领导guide vt.引导 n向导5violence n暴力；
7、暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地6equal adj.相等的；平等的equality n平等；相等equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地7educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育educator n教育工作者；教育家8cruelty n残忍；残酷cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的9willing adj.乐意的；自愿的unwilling adj.(反义词)不情愿的；不乐意的10unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的fair adj.公正的；公平的11self n自我；自身sel
8、fish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地12legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.(反义词) 非法的，违法的 强化训练一、根据所给提示，用适当形式填空1You also need to judge the quality (质量) and depth of your motivation.(2019高考全国卷)2Black people could not vote (选举) or choose their leaders in the past.3Thanks to your generous (慷慨
9、的) help，I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture.4They managed to escape (escape) from the burning building by breaking down the door.5If you go to that area alone after dark，you might get attacked (attack) or robbed.6Mr.Zhang was rewarded (reward) with a gold
10、 watch for his hard work in the company.7In terms of this matter，Id like to listen to other different opinions (opinion)8Tsinghua University，founded (found) in 1911，is one of the best universities in China.9We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your
11、 guidance (guide) and encouragement.(2019高考全国卷，书面表达)10The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to the education cause.(devote)11On the whole，people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education. (educa
12、te)12As far as Im concerned，it does serious harm to childrens character that too much violence is shown on television.Whats worse，violence on TV makes people behave violently(violent)13Everyone likes to live in peace，but it seems that the world is always not peaceful(peace)14I was once hopeless abou
13、t my lessons，but I hoped for progress，so I hopefully asked my teacher for help.It was his encouragement and instruction that made me improve greatly and now Im hopeful about my future.(hope)15Please actively take part in afterclass activities，which will not only make your school life colorful，but al
14、so improve your learning.(active)二、熟词生义(写出加黑词的词性及词义)1(2019高考全国卷)I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens，and mean girls and cool kids.adj.刻薄的2(2019高考全国卷)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized.n.休息；解
15、脱3Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.vt.被遗忘【联想记忆】“奖；奖赏”家族reward vt.酬劳；奖赏n.报酬；奖金award vt.授予；奖给n.奖品；奖金prize n奖金；奖品bonus n奖金；红利1out of work 失业2in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中3turn to 求助于；致力于4lose heart 丧失勇气或信心5come to power 当权；上台6as a matter of fact 事实上7blo
16、w up 使充气；爆炸8set up 设立；建立9be sentenced to 被判处(徒刑)10be willing to do 愿意做11be in prison 坐牢12in ones opinion/view 在某人看来13fight for 为而战活用一：The situation has become worse and worse since the new government came to power. I am out of work and feel at a loss what to do. I will turn to my friend Mary for adv
17、ice tomorrow，who always encourages me not to lose heart. She told me I should be hopeful about the future when I was in trouble活用二：Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to realizing the dream that people with different colors should be equal. He set up a law office to offer guidance to poor black peop
18、le on their legal problems. One day，one of his supporters helped him blow up the government buildings to fight for their rights. Unfortunately，he was sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island until 1990.原句展示仿写运用1However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
19、解读this is/was a time when.表示“这是一个的时间”。2The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.解读(1)see，witness等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。(2)where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词。3.only then did we decide to answer
20、violence with violence.解读only修饰状语放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。4I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.解读the first time引导时间状语从句。1多年来，由于中国人在地理上的分裂，它(书写体系)发展成不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。Over the years，it developed into different forms because that is a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically，leading
21、to many varieties of dialects and characters.2过去十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。The last ten years have seen great changes in many fields in our country.3我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves.4当John拿出
22、带来的物品时，Bernard才意识到发生了什么。Only when John took out what he carried did Bernard realize what was happening5他们第一次参观科技馆的时候，就对他们看到的所有事物产生了很大的兴趣。The first time they visited the Science Museum，they showed great interest in everything they saw.词汇精研1devote vt.献身(set apart for; give completely to)；专心于(be absorb
23、ed in)(1)devote.to. 把奉献于devote oneself to 献身于；致力于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的be devoted to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事(3)devotion n关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚经典例句I will never forget that you devoted yourself to improving my oral English and writing skills.我永远不会忘记你一直致力于提高我的英语口语和写作能力。He devoted a good deal of attention t
24、o the problem. 他在这个问题上花了相当多的精力。【基础检测】单句语法填空Uncle Li is a responsible person and fully devoted to his job. (2020高考全国卷，书面表达)I hold the firm belief that I can be a devoted (devote) volunteer.(2019高考全国卷，书面表达)【能力提升】句式升级The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children，so she has little time to
25、 care for her own daughter.Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)Devoted to teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)2equal v等于；抵得上 adj.相等的；胜任的；平等的n.同等的人；相等物(1)be
26、equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事without equal 无与伦比equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物(2)equality n平等equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地经典例句Men and women should be treated equally. If a woman is equal to a job like a man，she should receive equal income.男士和女士应当平等对待。如果一位女士能像男士一样胜任某一工作，这位女士就应当得到
27、相同的收入。表示“胜任”的其他常见表达：be up tobe fit forbe qualified forbe suitable for 【基础检测】写出下列各句中equal的词性及含义Any man will be equal to the task，as long as he is careful. You should give it a try.adj.胜任的Be positive and cheerful，for your mental health is equal to your physical health.adj. 同等的Little joy can equal that
28、 of a surprising ending when you read stories. vt. 等于，抵得上Beethoven was a worldfamous musician，who had no equal in music. n同等的人 【能力提升】一句多译尽管他还年轻，但他能胜任这项志愿者工作。(2019高考全国卷，书面表达)Young as he was，he was equal to the volunteer work(equal)Although he was young，he was fit for the volunteer work(fit)3escape vi
29、.& vt.逃脱；逃走(flee away)；避开 n逃跑；逃走(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事escape from 从逃脱；逃避(2)a narrow escape九死一生；死里逃生经典例句During the earthquake some miners were trapped in the mine，and they couldnt escape without rescue.地震时矿工被困在矿井中，没有救援他们不能逃脱。He escaped from prison this morning. 他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。【基础检测】单句语法填空Compar
30、ed with the escaped (escape) driver，I am proud of what I did.Last year I had a narrow escape，and I dont want to risk my life a second time. 【能力提升】一句多译那个妇女设法带着孩子逃出火场，既恐惧又疲惫。The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby. She was extremely terrified and exhausted.The woman managed to escape f
31、rom the fire with her baby，extremely terrified and exhausted(形容词作状语)4reward n报酬(sth. that you are given because youve done sth. well)；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏(1)as a reward (for.) 作为(对的)报酬/奖赏in reward for 为酬谢；作为的奖励(2)reward sb. with.for sth. 为某事而用酬谢某人(3)rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；有意义的经典例句As a reward for his contribu
32、tion to the control of COVID19, Zhong Nanshan was awarded the Medal of Republic in September of 2020. 作为对控制新冠肺炎贡献的奖励，钟南山在2020年9月被授予了“共和国勋章”。【基础检测】单句语法填空I hold the firm belief that you will have a rewarding (reward) experience there.(2018高考北京卷，书面表达) 【能力提升】一句多译我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。Im more than willing
33、 to show you around Beijing as a reward for your generous help(reward n)Im more than willing to show you around Beijing in reward for your generous help(reward n)Im more than willing to show you around Beijing to reward you for your generous help(reward vt.)5in trouble 有麻烦；处于困难中；在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中ask
34、 for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth. 在做某事方面有困难/麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳做某事经典例句He is a loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her not to lose heart when she was in trouble.他是一位慈爱的父亲，因为他对女儿很严格，并鼓励女儿处于困境时不要灰心丧气。【基础
35、检测】单句语法填空If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to lend a hand.Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently.If your awareness is as sharp as it could be，youll have no trouble answering (answer) these questions.(2018高考天津卷)【能力提升】单句写作众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助
36、我们摆脱困境。As is known to us all, it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out if we are in trouble.6turn to 求助于；开始从事；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向turn down 关小；拒绝turn away 拒绝入内；把打发走turn up 出现；露面；调大turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turn over 打翻；翻身；移交turn against 背叛；反对turn around 翻身；转身turn. into 把变成，变为turn o
37、ff 关掉；拐弯；使厌烦经典例句Only when he turned to the computer was it possible for him to speak，read and write.只有当他求助于计算机时，他才有可能说、读、写。If you turn to page 12, you will find it.翻到第12页，你就能找到它。【基础检测】写出下列各句中turn to的含义At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.求助于
38、After he left university he became a teacher，but later turned to journalism.开始从事You shouldnt always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向(2020高考全国卷)Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and a
39、chievements. 翻到【能力提升】词汇升级When you are in trouble，please dont hesitate to ask me for help.When you are in trouble，please dont hesitate to turn to me (for help)7 lose heart 丧失勇气或信心(have no courage or confidence to do sth.)；灰心；泄气put ones heart into 一心扑在上learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢strike.into ones heart 使
40、刻骨铭心heart and soul 全心全意地经典例句We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard，we will find a way out.在困难面前我们不应该失去信心。如果我们努力工作，就会找到出路。【基础检测】用heart的相关短语填空As little boys and girls have a very good memory，they can learn a lot of English words by heartAs an old saying goes，“Nothing is too
41、hard if you put your heart into it.”Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart 【能力提升】单句写作无论我们在日常生活中遇到多大的挑战，我们都不应该失去信心。Whatever great challenges we meet in our daily life, we should not lose heart.句式剖析1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws
42、stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。教材原句(1)拟人修辞法：see, witness 常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage。当先行词是stage，point，case，situation，position，jo
43、b，business，scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从句，相当于in which。【基础检测】单句语法填空The tea house witnessed (witness)a really enjoyable time.(2018高考北京卷，书面表达)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019高考天津卷)【能力提升】句式升级Today，well discuss a number of cases. B
44、eginners of English fail to use the language properly in these cases.Today，well discuss a number of cases where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly(定语从句)2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 教材原句 “only状语”置于句首的倒装句式only放在句首修饰状语(通常是
45、副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。(1)“only从句”放在句首时，主句需要倒装，从句不倒装。(2)only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。【能力提升】单句写作/句式升级只有这样，我们才能在更舒适和美好的环境中生活。Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundingsI realized it was important to have a good command of spoken English only when I won the first prize in the sp
46、oken English contest.(2018浙江卷6月，书面表达)Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.(倒装)3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 教材原句 the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。(1)each/every
47、time 每次的时候next time 下次时the last time 上次时(2)一，就(1)the first time 表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)for the first time 表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。【基础检测】单句改错He was stuck by the girls wisdom and fell in love with her deeply for the first time he met her.去掉for 【能力提升】补全句子/一句多译Every time he arrived home (每次他
48、回到家) at the end of the day，wed greet him at the door. The first time I went there (我第一次去那里时)，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and other animals.I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school (你上次来我们学校的时候)他第一次听这位年轻老师的课时，就感兴趣。He became interest
49、ed in the young teachers lesson the first time he attended his class.He became interested in the young teachers lesson when he attended his class for the first time.单句语法填空1We have learned a great deal from her devotion (devote) to her work and her willingness to help others.2Your personal circumstan
50、ces are equally (equal) important. For example，you may want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough.(2019高考全国卷)3It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.4The students have been working hard on their lessons and t
51、heir efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end.5The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.(2019高考天津卷)6Our Party was founded in 1921，since when she has been serving the people heart and soul.7Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me t
52、o break away from all of my friends and never contact them.8We may feel funny the first time we see the picture, but after feeling funny we must be ashamed and angry.9The Voice of China has set up a stage where some people can realize their dreams.10The old temple has seen (see) great changes of the
53、 village in the past two hundred years.单句改错1As far as I know，he has been out of the work for several months.2In time we reached a stage we had more young readers than old ones.where3Professor Stevenson, who has devoted himself to protect the milu deer，gave a protectingtalk to Chinese college student
54、s in Beijing.4The boy lost his heart when he knew he failed the exam again.5The school was found by a famous person in 1980，but we dont know this foundedfounders name.思维训练Step 1: 先盲填(不看参考词汇只根据语篇逻辑)I was a lawyer believing that all mankind is created equal. I lived in South Africa, whose officials di
55、d not agree with me. They 1attacked me for encouraging the blacks to fight against the government and put me in 2prisonNobody was allowed to talk to me for five long years and I lost the ability 3to talk/in talkingBefore I went to prison, I had been hopeful that things would change. After I was rele
56、ased I found the quality of life for black people had got 4worse.They reached a stage where black people had almost no rights at all.5Although I was not as successful as Nelson Mandela, many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights.Step 2：再参考提供词汇(注意词形变化，有两个多余词汇)t
57、rouble; talk; attack; bad; prison; although; voteStep 3：核对答案并背诵短文.话题书面表达假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：该人物是谁；该人物的主要贡献；该人物对你的影响。(一)根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文(无提示处请填写适当的过渡词汇：however，in my opinion)I was touched by Zhang Heng the first time (第一次) I read about him. He was a gre
58、at astronomer and inventor, and he lived from AD 78 to 139During his lifetime，he was devoted to (他致力于) scientific discoveries and inventions，including the famous seismograph.Actually，he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph. However，he never lost heart (失去信心) but went on to make new
59、discoveries. He believed that he could succeed only when he believed in himself.In my opinion，nothing could reward his contributions to science (回报他对科学的贡献)(二)按要求升级词汇和句式1用本单元所学词汇升级加波浪线词汇ActuallyAs a matter of fact 2按要求升级句式(1)利用非限制性定语从句升级句He was a great astronomer and inventor，who lived from AD 78 to
60、139(2)利用倒装句升级句He believed that only when he believed in himself could he succeed对社会有突出贡献的人national heroes 民族英雄leading figure 领导人物famous figure 知名人物the founder of. 的创始人a great/brave/successful/gifted.伟大的/勇敢的/成功的/有天赋的be awarded the title of 被授予的头衔be considered/regarded/recognized as 被认为是be thought of as 被认为是be referred to as 被称为be ready to help others 乐于助人be greatly influenced by his thoughts 深受他的思想影响have a good reputation 享有盛誉move the whole world forward 推动整个世界的进步have a great talent/gift for 在方面有很大天赋set a good example to/for 为树立好的榜样give a fine performance 表现出色
