1、UNIT 3SEA EXPLORATION(主题语境：人与自然世界与环境)晨背短文 语境记词The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the bonds with some western countries and between 1405 and 1433,seven large fleets under the command of Zheng He set sail from the South China Sea.They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa,alon
2、g the marine channels which had been extended by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold,silk and spices to the African royal families and negotiated trade deals with them.Meanwhile,with advanced weapons in hand,they had mercy on rather than exploited,murdered or arrested the people in oth
3、er countries,who in turn applauded them.They also logged many tales that had happened along the way.Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.必备知识 巧记活用阅读词汇会认1merchant n._ adj._2fleet n._3behold vt.(b
4、eheld,beheld)_4tournament n._5laptop n._6manned adj._7submersible n._商人；批发商海上货运的舰队；机群；车队看；看见锦标赛；联赛笔记本电脑；便携式电脑有人控制的；需人操纵的潜水器；可潜船8capsule n._9coral n._10migration n._11directory n._12exploit vt._13gallon n._14log vt._ n._15marine adj._胶囊；太空舱珊瑚迁移；迁徙；移居名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录开发；利用；剥削加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)
5、把载入正式记录；记录正式记录；日志；原木海的；海产的；海生的重点词汇会写1_ n故事；叙述2_ vt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商3_ n等级；水平；联合会；联赛4_ adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的5_ vt.&vi.(withdrew,withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离talenegotiateleagueroyalwithdraw6_ n航道；海峡；频道7_ n纽带；关系 vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合8_ vt.对征税；使纳税 n税；税款9_ adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下10_ n逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止channelbondtaxmea
6、nwhilearrest拓展词汇会变1_ vt.扩展；使伸长；延长_ adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的_ n扩大；延伸；延期；电话分机2_ n职业；行业_ adj.专业的；职业的_ n教授；(大学的)讲师，教员3_ n混合；结合体；混合物_ vt.配制；混淆；使混合_ adj.混合的；人员混杂的4_ n新闻报道；覆盖范围_ vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖extendextensiveextensionprofessionprofessionalprofessormixturemixmixedcoveragecover5_ vt.&vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏_ n鼓掌；掌声；喝彩6_ vt.
7、谋杀；凶杀；毁坏 n谋杀；凶杀_ n谋杀犯7_ n仁慈；宽恕；恩惠_ adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的_ adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的8 _ n usually pl.个 人 财 产；拥 有；控 制_ vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有9_ n反对者；对手；竞争者_ vt.反对；抵制_ adj.反对的；截然不同的applaudapplausemurdermurderermercymercifulmercilesspossessionpossessopponentoppose opposed运用巩固提能1(2020新高考卷)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes histo
8、rical insights and cultural reference,making his _(叙述)a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.2(朗文当代)He changed _(频道)to watch the basketball game.3(2020全国卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our _(关系)with the work is based on our present mental register.talechannelsbon
9、d4(朗文当代)I _(称赞)the decision to install more security cameras.5(剑桥高阶)Two sisters have been charged with(officially accused of)_(谋杀)6(朗文当代)He showed no _(仁慈)to his enemies.7(2022全国乙卷)Why was the sugar _(税)introduced?8(2022浙江1月卷)_(与此同时),over the course of 19th century,electricity went from mere curiosi
10、ty to a basic necessity.applaudmurdermercytaxMeanwhile9(剑 桥 高 阶)He _(arrest)when customs officers found drugs in his bag.10(2022全国甲卷)Throughout her career(职业)as a _(profession)dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.11The _ had _ a novelist before he fled his country.(murder
11、)12He is in _ of three villas and he also _ three firms.(possession)was arrestedprofessionalmurderermurderedpossessionpossesses13Facing such an event,I have _ emotions.I feel a strange _ of excitement and fear.(mix)14The _ king showed _ to the poor,who in turn applauded the king.(mercy)15When he ent
12、ered the hall,he was greeted by thunderous _.All the fans _ excitedly.(applaud)16 The two _ were _ to each others opinions.(oppose)17As a journalist,its your duty to _ the fact and you are responsible for your _.(cover)mixedmixturemercifulmercyapplauseapplaudedopponentsopposedcovercoverage写准记牢1_ 起航；
13、开航2_独领风骚3_退出；撤回4_在手头；可供使用5_记者招待会；新闻发布会6_寻找7_在的指挥下set sailin a league of ones ownwithdraw fromin handpress conferencesearch forunder the command of8_作为对的回报9_前进10_的意识11_是的故乡12_带来；导致in return forfind ones wayawareness ofbe home tolead to语境运用1(2021天津卷)Henry David Thoreau was happy to _ social life,seeki
14、ng a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.2(柯林斯词典)The 1980s brought an _ green issues.3(朗文当代)Lisa seemed to have things _ by the time he returned.4You can use a directory service to _ people on the Internet.withdraw fromawareness ofin handsearch for5(柯林斯词典)He loaded his v
15、essel with another cargo and _.6(2022全国甲卷)With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall,St Davids Hall _ the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.set sailis home to【词汇拓展记忆】“ABB”式过去式、过去分词变化“名词-al”构成形容词“动词from”同类短语一览behold;beheld;beheldbring;brought;broughthear;heard;heardcatch;caught;caughtbuild;built;builtfeed;f
16、ed;fedprofessional 专业的cultural 文化的magical 有魔力的educational 教育的musical 音乐的natural 自然的withdraw from 退出；撤回benefit from 从中获益suffer from 患病learn from 向学习date from 追溯到escape from 从逃跑原句译背1The aim is to do.目的是要The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road area
17、s,and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world._这项倡议旨在鼓励横跨历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。2There is an urgent need to do sth.迫切需要做某事。.there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects._3As引导时间状语从句Hopefully,as technology improve
18、s,we may have more options for managing this balance._为了了解气候变化以及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。随着技术的进步，我们有希望拥有更多的选择，来实现这种平衡。4不定式作目的状语To truly understand our planet,we must explore the oceans which cover most of it._5so that引导目的状语从句We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action._为了
19、真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖大部分星球的海洋。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。仿写运用1这次活动的目的是增强我们保护文化遗产的意识。The aim of the activity is _ _.2急需做出改变以适应现在的情况。_ to adapt to the current situations.to raise our awareness of protecting the cultural heritageThere is an urgent need to make some changes3(2021全国乙卷)随着我的成长，我们经常搬家。_，we w
20、ere often on the move.4我给你写信是为了和你分享我对如何与父母友好相处的观点。_，I am writing to you.5我对茶的传统制作过程做了详细的说明以便他们能更好地理解它。I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail _ _.As I was growing upTo share with you my opinions on how to get along well with parents they could better understand itso that 核心考点 讲
21、练提升佳句背诵In addition,the Yangtze River,extending as long as about 6,300 kilometers,can provide different kinds of splendid landscapes for visitors.此外，长江大约长6,300公里，可以为游客提供各种壮丽的景观。1.extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开归纳拓展(1)extend.to.提供；给予extend to延长到extend by延长了(2)extensive adj.广阔的；大量的；广泛的extension n延伸；扩大；延期多
22、维训练单句语法填空Thats the logical _ of my approach to _ reading.(extend)(2022新 高 考 卷)The plan will extend protection _ a significant number of areas.(2021天 津 3月 卷)Chinas National Highway 318,_(extend)over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu,Tibet,is known as the“heavenly road”for its amazing views.ex
23、tensionextensivetoextending写作运用提能这些课程每周一节，每节课两小时，持续22周。与去年的这门课程相比，持续时间延长了两周。(话题写作之学校生活)These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class,_ _.Compared with last years course,the duration _.我要由衷感谢这些年来为我们做了很多的全体老师。(应用文写作之感谢信)_，who have done so much for us over the years.extending over a period of twen
24、ty-two weeksextends by two weeksI would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers佳句背诵Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to learn how to negotiate and cooperate with other students.参加课外活动可以让我们学习如何与其他同学进行协商与合作。2.negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商归纳拓展(1)negotiate with
25、 sb.about sth.negotiate sth.with sb.与某人协商某事(2)negotiation n谈判under negotiation在协商中；在谈判中in negotiation with和协商中多维训练单句语法填空I will negotiate with our coach _ the date of the football competition.We have had meaningful _(negotiate)and I believe we are very close to a deal.As far as I know,the exact detai
26、ls of the agreement are under _(negotiate)aboutnegotiationsnegotiation佳句背诵Staying motivated can help you focus on the work in hand and achieve success in learning.保持积极有助于你专注于手头的工作，并在学习中取得成功。3.in hand在手头；可供使用归纳拓展(1)at hand近在手边；在附近by hand手工，用手的hand in hand手挽手；密切关联on the one hand.on the other(hand)一方面另
27、一方面(用于表示不同的尤其是相对立的两个方面)(at)first hand 第一手；亲自give/lend sb.a hand帮助某人(2)hand back归还；交还hand down把传下去hand in上交hand out分发；散发hand over移交多维训练用hand的相关短语填空As an old saying goes,“Success and failure always go _ _.”Having enough data _，we can set out to hold the press conference as scheduled.Meanwhile,youd bet
28、ter keep a dictionary close _ so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.handin handin handat handEven for personal letters,the merchant would rather use a computer than write _.On the one hand,computers extend our vision;_，they also bring about some harmful problems.Good traditions should _ fro
29、m generation to generation.(全国卷)_ sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.by handon the other(hand)be handed downHanding out写作运用提能运气不会单独来。它与勤奋和知识齐头并进。Luck doesnt come alone.It _ hard work and knowledge.goes hand in hand with佳句背诵Although the Meredi
30、ths werent well off,they showed mercy to the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible.尽管Meredith一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。4.mercy n仁慈；宽恕；恩惠归纳拓展(1)show mercy to对怜悯/宽恕have mercy on/upon对怜悯/宽恕without mercy残忍地；毫无同情地at the mercy of.任由摆布(2)merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的merci
31、less adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的be merciful to sb.对某人仁慈多维训练单句语法填空The _(mercy)king saved him from death,which moved him.The boss often exploits young employees；that is,young employees are _ the mercy of the boss.mercifulat写作运用提能如果我们对自己的缺点视而不见，我们对别人就不会仁慈。(读后续写之主旨升华)If we are blind to our own faults,we _ _.(merciful
32、)If we are blind to our own faults,we _ _.(mercy)will not be very merciful tootherswill not have mercy on/showmercy to others佳句背诵Happiness is not wishing for what we dont have,but enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of.幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。5.possession nusually pl.个人财
33、产；拥有；控制归纳拓展(1)take possession of(表动作)占有；拥有in possession of(表状态)具有；拥有in the possession of被拥有；归所有(2)possess vt.拥有；具有；支配多维训练单句语法填空(2020全国卷I)All customers travelling on TransLink services must be _ possession of a valid ticket before boarding.With his business going smoothly,he at first _ big houses,car
34、s,and later he took _ of stocks of different companies.Then,he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his _.But he hold the firm belief that of all _ a friend is the most precious.(possess)inpossessedpossessionpossessionpossessions写作运用提能(2022新高考全国卷，读后续写)我鼓励不知所措的大卫：“务必记住只有拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。”I en
35、couraged David who was at a loss,“Do keep in mind that _ _.”(运用倒装句)only by possessing/being possessed of a good state of mind can you attain success佳句背诵The electric toy in the window attracted/arrested/caught the little boys attention.橱窗里的电动玩具吸引了小男孩的注意。6.arrest n逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；引起的注意；吸引归纳拓展(1)u
36、nder arrest被捕make an arrest展开拘捕行动(2)arrest sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事逮捕某人arrest ones attention吸引某人的注意力多维训练单句语法填空Robert was arrested _ faking(伪造)some famous paintings,which surprised us so much.The murderer was _ arrest in a small village located in the south of the country.forunder佳句背诵There is an urgen
37、t need to choose a healthy and environmentally friendly way of traveling.That is bicycle riding.(话题写作之环境保护)急需选择一种既健康又环保的旅游方式，那就是骑自行车。7.There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.为了了解气候变化及其影响，迫切需要对北极进行研究。归纳拓展There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人
38、)没有必要做某事。There is a/no possibility that.It is possible/impossible that.有/没有可能There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义。多维训练写作运用提能没有实践只掌握理论是没有意义的。_ without practice.毫无疑问，我良好的沟通能力能够使我与他人保持良好的关系。_ to keep a good relationship with others.There is no point/sense(in)only mast
39、ering theoryThere is no doubt that my good communication skills enable me只要你全神贯注于你的目标，你就有可能实现你的目标。_ as long as you put your heart into it.There is a possibility that you achieve your goal佳句背诵Please come up with a workout schedule and stick to it so that you can recover soon.请制订一个锻炼计划并坚持下去，这样你就能很快恢复健
40、康。8.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。归纳拓展(1)本句中so that引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that,从句中往往含有情态动词，如can,could,may,might等。(2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句，此时从句中往往没有情态动词。多维训练请写出下列句子中黑体部分是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句I got up early so that I could catch the e
41、arly bus._I got up early so that I caught the early bus._目的状语从句结果状语从句写作运用提能每个学生都会有不同的弱科和强科，所以他们应该互相学习，这样比起劣势来，他们就可以有更多的优势。Every student may have different weak and strong subjects,so they should learn from each other _ _.so that/in order that they can have more advantages than disadvantages汤姆又没写完作业，
42、因此史密斯先生愤怒地大叫了一声，眼里闪烁着恼怒的光芒。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)Tom didnt have his homework finished again _ _，with his eyes shining with annoyance.so that Mr Smith let outa cry of anger佳句背诵As time goes by,Peking Opera has enjoyed great popularity among people from all walks of life,becoming one of the most popular dramas
43、in China.随着时间的流逝，京剧在社会各界广受欢迎，成为中国最受欢迎的剧种之一。9.Hopefully,as technology improves,we may have more options for managing this balance.随着技术的进步，我们有希望拥有更多的选择，来实现这种平衡。归纳拓展(1)as意为“当时候；一边一边；随着”时，引导时间状语从句。(2)as意为“如同；按照”时，引导方式状语从句。(3)as意为“因为”时，引导原因状语从句。(4)as意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句，用于“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形as主语谓语”结构中。多维训练写出句中as
44、的汉语意思Tired as we were,we had benefited a lot from the activity._As winds blew harder,the fire went out of control._写作运用提能(2023全国乙卷)随着时间的推移，Karoly越来越相信Douglas可以完成伦敦奥运会的比赛并获胜。_，Karoly thought more and more that Douglas could make the London Gamesand win.尽管随着As time went by/With time going by关键能力 对点习得.
45、单句语法填空1(2023全国甲卷)Reading _(extend)helped Robert become a writer.解析：考查词性转换。句意：广泛的阅读帮助罗伯特成为一名作家。由句意可知，填副词。2(牛津高阶)The work is _ hand and will soon be completed.解析：考查介词短语。句意：这项工作正在进行中，很快就会完成。extensivelyin3(中国日报)The tea is a _(mix)of eight ingredients and is called babao cha,or“eight treasure tea”解析：考查词性
46、转换。句意：这种茶由八种成分混合而成，被称为八宝茶，或“八宝茶”。由句意可知，填名词。4(剑桥高阶)What did you think of the BBCs election _(cover)?解析：考查词性转换。句意：你认为BBC的选举报道怎么样？由句意可知，填名词。mixturecoverage5(牛津高阶)She _(applaud)as she came on stage.解析：考查动词的时态语态。句意：她一上台就受到热烈的掌声。as引导时间状语从句，故填谓语动词；再由句意并结合从句谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。6(剑桥高阶)There was no shelter
47、from the _(mercy)heat.解析：考查词性转换。句意：没有任何地方可以躲避无情的酷热。7(牛津高阶)As a painter,he is _ a league of his own.解析：考查介词短语。句意：作为画家，他独树一帜。was applaudedmercilessin8(剑桥高阶)The exact details of the agreement are still _ negotiation.解析：考查介词短语。句意：协议的具体细节仍在谈判中。9(牛津高阶)The drug _(withdraw)from sale after a number of people
48、 suffered serious side effects.解析：考查动词的时态语态。句意：在许多人出现严重的副作用后，这种药物被撤回了销售。underwas withdrawn10(2023新 课 标 卷)There you will find dumplings prepared differentlymore dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed _ hand rather than rolled.解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现饺子的制作方式不同饺子多，汤少，饺子皮是用手压的，而不是卷起来的。by hand“用手
49、”是固定搭配，故填by。by.语境辨义练1写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思(2022山东省新高考模拟)I honestly hope it wont be too long before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be logged._There is no denying the fact that women were likely to be channeledinto jobs as teachers or nurses in the past._vt.砍伐v引导H
50、aze Mabry walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans,wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways._Arrested by the latest electronic toys,the little boy stood in front of the windows without moving._All the people present at the meeting applaudmy decision._vt.擦；用拖把
51、拖vt.吸引vt.赞成2选出withdraw的汉语意思A.vi.退出Bvt.收回(发言、意见等)Cvt.提取(存款等)Dvi.脱离(社会)(2022浙 江 1月 卷)The woman want to withdrawsome money._The tennis player withdrew from several tournaments due to injury._Sensing his mistake,the minister withdrew his statement later._Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from so
52、cial life,seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life._CABD3选出bond的汉语意思A.n.纽带；关系Bn.保释金Cvt.使牢固结合Dvt.建立信任关系The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds._The following day,the taxi driver was released on$5,000 bond._(2020全国卷)It was a special time to bond wi
53、th my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books._(2020全国卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register._CBDA核心素养 双写培优.应用文写作运用(征文投稿海洋保护)1利用本单元所学知识翻译句子众所周知，在海洋深处有各种各样的资源，这些资源对人类至关重要。(as)_随着我们经济的发展，近年来海洋受到了污染。(as)_As we all
54、know,there are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean,which are vital to human beings.As our economy advances,recent years have seen the ocean being polluted.该是我们采取措施保护海洋的时候了。(Its high time that)_迫切需要让人们意识到保护海洋的重要性，因为保护海洋就是保护人类自己。_Its high time that we took/should take measures to protect
55、the oceans.There is an urgent need to make people aware of the importance of protecting the ocean because to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.我们赞赏政府采取切实措施来保持自然平衡。_不管有多大的困难，我们都要合理开发海洋资源，我们永远不会放弃保护海洋。(no matter疑问词)_We applaud the government for taking practical measures to keep the balance
56、 of nature.No matter how great the difficulty is,we will have the marineresources properly exploited and never will we give up protecting the oceans.通过共同努力，我们可以保护和恢复我们宝贵的海洋。(by)_By working together/joint efforts,we can protect and restore our precious oceans.2使用恰当的过渡衔接词连词成篇参考范文：As we all know,there
57、are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean,which are vital to human beings.Unfortunately,as our economy advances,recent years have seen the ocean being polluted.Therefore,its high time that we took/should take measures to protect the oceans.First of all,there is an urgent need to make peop
58、le aware of the importance of protecting the ocean because to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.Meanwhile,we applaud the government for taking practical measures to keep the balance of nature.No matter how great the difficulty is,we will have the marine resources properly exploited and ne
59、ver will we give up protecting the oceans.By working together/joint efforts,we can protect and restore our precious oceans.读后续写微写作动作描写之“哭泣”(二)素材积累高级词块1.hold/fight back tears 抑制住泪水2burst into tears/out crying 放声大哭3cry bitter/lonely tears 流下痛苦/孤独的泪水4tears roll/pour down ones cheeks 泪水滑落脸颊5cry oneself
60、to sleep 哭到睡着6eyes be red from crying 眼睛哭红素材运用第一步 按要求完成下列句子。1当女孩听到这个消息，她的心很痛，泪流满面地哭了。When the girl heard the news,her heart ached,and _ _.2她痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着脸上流下的咸咸的泪水。_，tasting the salty tears _ _.(定语从句)she cried with a burst of tearsShe sobbed bitterlythat streamed/ran/rolled/poured down her face3过了一会儿她回
61、头看他，双眼哭得又红又肿。After a while she turned round to look at him,_ _.(独立主格结构)4她一张口说话，泪水再次夺眶而出。_ as she started to speak.(简单句)5他忍住泪水，并试图安慰她。_ and tried to comfort her.(简单句)her eyes red and swollen from cryingHer tears brimmed over againHe held/fought back his tears6一个小时过后，她回到自己房间，哭着睡着了。An hour later,when s
62、he returned to her room,_.7他静静地站在她的房间外，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。He stood silently outside her room,_ _.(独立主格结构)she cried herself to sleeptears rolling/pouring down hischeeks第二步将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。参考范文：When the girl heard the news,her heart ached,and she cried with a burst of tears.She sobbed bitterly,tas
63、ting the salty tears that streamed/ran/rolled/poured down her face.And after a while she turned round to look at him,her eyes red and swollen from crying.However,her tears brimmed over again as she started to speak.He held/fought back his tears and tried to comfort her.An hour later,when she returned to her room,she cried herself to sleep.He stood silently outside her room,tears rolling/pouring down his cheeks.
