1、Unit 3Environmental ProtectionLearning About Language语法精讲素养提升直接引语和间接引语【情境探究】观察上面的对话,并完成下面的句型转换:1.Li Lei said,“Im quite sure about it.”Li Lei said that _quite sure about it.2.Jim said,“I havent seen you today.”Jim said that _.3.The teacher asked me，“Do you have difficulty working it out?”The teacher
2、asked me _.he washe hadnt seen me that daywhether/if I had difficulty working it out【要义详析】一、直接引语和间接引语的定义。1.直接引语:直接引用别人的话叫直接引语。2.间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。*The girl said,“I like English very much.”The girl said that she liked English very much.那个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。*The teacher asked the girl,“Do you like English
3、?”The teacher asked the girl if she liked English.老师问那个女孩是否喜欢英语。【名师点津】(1)引语前常使用逗号,而不是冒号;引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。(2)间接引语不用逗号、引号;间接引语要考虑人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化。二、直接引语与间接引语的变化1.人称变化直接引语变间接引语时的人称变化遵循以下原则:一随主直接引语中的第一人 称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保 持一致He says,“I like math very much.”He says that he likes math very much.二随宾直接
4、引语中的第二人称变间接引语后与主 句宾语的人称保持一致He said to Lily,“You must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.三不变直接引语的第三人 称在变间接引语后人称不变She said to me,“They want to help him.”She told me that they wanted to help him.【巧学助记】直接引语变间接引语时的人称变化口诀:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。【即学活用】补出下面间接引语中的人称。John said,“I want to visit the
5、 Great Wall.”John said that _ wanted to visit the Great Wall.约翰说他想去参观长城。She said,“My brother wants to go with me.”She said _ brother wanted to go with her.她说她哥哥想和她一起去。heherHe asked Kate,“Youre interested in basketball,arent you?”He asked Kate whether _ was interested in basketball.他问凯特是否对篮球感兴趣。Mr Sm
6、ith said,“Jack is a good worker.”Mr Smith said _ was a good worker.史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。sheJack2.时态变化(主句为一般过去时时)直接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时 过去将来时*He said,“He is a student.”He said that he was a student.他说他是一个学生。*He said,“He is reading.”He said that he was reading.他说
7、他正在读书。*He said,“He will go home.”He said that he would go home.他说他要回家。*He said,“He has gone home.”He said that he had gone home.他说他已经回家了。【名师点津】直接引语变间接引语之特殊时态变化(1)主句是一般现在时态时,从句可以根据意思使用相应的时态。She says that she was going to buy a CD.她说她打算去买一张CD。She says that she went to buy a CD yesterday.她说她昨天去买了一张CD。S
8、he says that she will go to buy a CD tomorrow.她说她明天要去买一张CD。(2)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时,时态不变。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.”the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.老师告诉我,地球绕着太阳转,月球绕着地球转。(3)直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语
9、时,时态不变。Tom said,“I was born on April 21,1980.”Tom said he was born on April 21,1980.汤姆说他生于1980年4月21日。【巧学助记】直接引语变间接引语口诀直接引语变成间接引语时,主句是陈述句且是过去时态时,其变化“口诀”是:去掉引号加that,人称使用要灵活,时态向后退一个,状语变化按原则。【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语。He said,“I like it very much.”He said that he _ it very much.The designer said,“We have begun o
10、ur project.”The designer said that they _their project.My father said,“Practice makes perfect.”My father said practice _ perfect.I said,“I will give her some advice tomorrow.”I said that I _her some advice the next day.likedhad begunmakeswould give3.指示代词、时间、地点状语及方向性动词的变化项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatth
11、ose时间nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days before项目直接引语间接引语时间three days agotomorrownext weekthe next day/the following daythe next week/the following week地点herethere动词comebringgotake*He said,“I met Mr Smith this morning.”He s
12、aid that he had met Mr Smith that morning.他说他那天早上遇到史密斯先生了。*He said,“We went to the cinema yesterday.”He said they had gone to the cinema the day before.他说他们前一天去看电影了。*Lily said,“I will come back next month.”Lily said that she would go back the next month.莉莉说她下个月回来。*He said,“It is nine oclock now.”He
13、said that it was nine oclock then.他说那时是九点钟。*He said,“I havent seen her today.”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.他说那天他没见过她。*She said,“Ill go there tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next day.她说她第二天去那儿。*He said,“My sister was here three days ago.”He said that his sister had been ther
14、e three days before.他说他姐姐三天前去过那儿。*“When you come here,will you please bring a dictionary?”the editor said to the worker.The editor asked whether the worker would take a dictionary when he went there.编辑问这位工人去那里时是否要带一本字典。【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语。“She was here one week ago.”said John.John said that _.“He is c
15、oming tonight.”my mother said to me.My mother told me that _.They said,“We arrived this morning.”They said that _He said,“I brought it home with me.”He said that _.she had been there one week beforehe was coming that nightthey had arrived that morning.he had taken it home with himJim said,“I went to
16、 help my parents yesterday.”Jim said that _.he had gone to help his parents the day before4.连接词和语序变化*He said to me,“You can help her.”He said to me(that)I could help her.他对我说我能帮助她。项目连接词语序陈述句that或省略不变一般疑问句引述动词后加上if或whether陈述语序特殊疑问句连接词不变陈述语序祈使句无连接词不变*He asked her,“Do you love me?”He asked her whether
17、she loved him.他问她是否爱他。*He asked me,“What color do you like?”He asked me what color I liked.他问我喜欢什么颜色。*He shouted,“Lily,Close the door.”He told Lily to close the door.他叫莉莉把门关上。*He said to me,“Dont be late.”He asked me not to be late.他叫我不要迟到。【巧学助记】直接引语变成间接引语时,句式和语序变化“口诀”:直引一般疑问句,助动词语全去掉if/whether替引号,陈
18、述语序要记牢直引若为祈使句,引述动后to需要直引否定祈使句,to 前not少不了。【即学活用】将下列句子改为间接引语。Mary wrote in her letter,“Mr Liu,when will you come to America?”Mary asked in her letter _ Mr Liu _to America.“Where are you going?”the father asked his son.The father asked his son _.The teacher said,“Were you at school when I called you?”T
19、he teacher asked _at school when she called me.whenwould comewhere he was goingif/whether I was“Listen to the teacher carefully in class!”said Mr Wang to his son.Mr Wang told his son _the teacher carefully in class.“Dont make any noise,”said Mrs Gao to the children.Mrs Gao told the children _.to lis
20、ten tonot to make any noise课时检测素养达标.由直接引语变为间接引语1.John said,“I want to take part in the 2020 Olympic Games.”John said that _take part in the 2020 Olympic Games.2.He said to Kate,“How is your sister now?”He asked Kate _.3.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspapers?”She asked me _to read newsp
21、apers.4.She said(to him),“You havent returned me my book.”She told him that _.he wanted tohow her sister was thenwhether/if I often went therehe hadnt returned her her book5.He said,“I am living with my old brother.”He said that _.6.My friend Linda said to me,“I saw the film three days ago.”My frien
22、d Linda told me that _.7.My friend said to me,“You can use my dictionary.”My friend _.he was living with his old brothershe had seen the film three days beforetold me that I could use his dictionary8.The geography teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”The geography teacher said _than s
23、ound.9.David asked,“Have you ever been to Wuhan,Jim?”David asked Jim _”10.“Listen to me and dont make so much noise,children!”said the teacher.The teacher _light travels much fasterwhether he had ever been to Wuhan.asked the children to listen to him and not to make so much noise.完成句子1.She said that
24、 she _a computer of her own.她说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。2.Her colleague asked her who she _a leave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。3.She asked _.她问那本书是否是他的。4.The man said _that day.那个人说那天他会很忙。wanted to havehad asked forwhether/if that book was hishe would be very busy5.His friend told him that they _have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他他们正计划去野餐。6.T
25、om asked the chairman _.汤姆问主席他们什么时候开会。7.The geography teacher _.地理老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。were planning towhen they should begin their meetingtold us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west8.Peter told me that _.彼得告诉我他明年要来中国。9.Miss Su asked me _.苏老师问我为什么上学迟到。10.The teacher asked the students
26、 _.老师要学生们上课时不要往窗外看。he would come to China the next yearwhy I was late for schoolnot to look out of the windows in class【语法主题应用】根据汉语提示写一篇短文(注意使用间接引语)上周日,我感冒了。我妈妈带我去了医院,医生问我怎么了。我告诉他我感觉不舒服,我可能发烧。他告诉我要多喝水。他给我开了一些药并叮嘱我一天吃三次药并且要好好休息。(开头已经写好,请补充完整)I had a cold last Sunday.My mother took me to a hospital and _the doctor asked me what was wrong.I told him that I didnt feel well and Imight have a fever.He told me to drink lots of water.He gave me some medicine,and told me to take the medicine three times a day and to have a good rest.
