1、英语高考总复习人教版必修四英语高考总复习人教版必修四1._sttIstIk n(常用pl.)统计；统计数字；统计资料2_strgl vt.&vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 3._dekeId n十年；十年期4_sjup adj.特级的；超级的5._atpt n产量；输出英语高考总复习人教版必修四6_krp n庄稼；农作物；产量7._hg n饥饿；欲望 vt.&vi.(使)饥饿8_dIstbI adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的9_btl n战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.&vi.搏斗；奋斗10_rId vt.摆脱；除去英语高考总复习人教版必修四11._ef adj.因此；所以；因而12_IkwIp vt.&
2、vi.配备；装备13._reIn n谷物；粮食；颗粒14_ekspt vt.&vi.输出；出口15._nnltI n国籍英语高考总复习人教版必修四16_kjpeIn n工作；职业；占领17._rIgret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n遗憾；懊悔18_bktIrI n(bacteriumbktIrIm 的复数形式)细菌19_pest n害虫；害兽；害鸟20._njutrIn n营养；滋养；食物英语高考总复习人教版必修四21_mInrl n矿物；矿石22._dIskvrI n发现；发觉23_fks n焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦24._sIl n土壤25_rut n根；根源26._skIm vt.浏览；
3、略读27_ndlaIn vt.画底线标出；强调英语高考总复习人教版必修四28_kment n评论；议论vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论答案：1.statistic2.struggle3.decade4.super5.output6.crop7.hunger8.disturbing9.battle10.rid 11therefore12.equip13.grain14.export15.nationality16.occupation17.regret18.bacteria19.pest ment英语高考总复习人教版必修四1._vt.&vi.日晒；日灼；晒黑_adj.起晒斑的；晒黑的2_vt.&
4、vi.使变大；伸展；阐述_n.3_vt.&vi.循环；流传_n.循环；环流；运行4_vt.使迷惑；使为难_n混淆；混乱英语高考总复习人教版必修四5_vt.减少；缩减；简化_n减少；下降6_n总结；摘要；概要_vt.答案：1.sunburn，sunburnt2.expand，expansion3.circulate，circulation4.confuse，confusion5.reduce，reduction 6summary，summarize英语高考总复习人教版必修四1.幸亏；由于_2.使摆脱；使除去_3对感到满意_ 4.逐渐增强；建立；开发_5导致；造成_ 6.集中(注意力、精力等)于_
5、7使免受(影响；伤害等)；使不含(有害物)_英语高考总复习人教版必修四答案：1.thanks to2.rid.of3.be satisfied with4.build up5.lead to6.focus on7.keep.free from/of英语高考总复习人教版必修四1.我从来没去过中国，所以知道的不多。(用therefore)_答案：Ive never been to China and therefore I dont know much about it.英语高考总复习人教版必修四2他带上一把锋利的斧子便朝森林走去。(用equip和set off)_答案：He equipped h
6、imself with a sharp axe and set off for the forest.英语高考总复习人教版必修四3她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔。(用regret和lose ones temper)_答案：She deeply regretted losing her temper.英语高考总复习人教版必修四4你愿意看电影去还是待在家里？(用would rather)_答案：Which would you rather do，go to the cinema or stay at home?英语高考总复习人教版必修四5是什么使你这么想的？(用lead)_答案：What led yo
7、u to think so?英语高考总复习人教版必修四一、帮你归纳1struggle v&n挣扎，奋斗，努力struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来struggle with/against 向(同)作斗争struggle for.为而奋斗struggle to do.努力做同struggle意思基本相同的单词：fight。fight for 为而斗争英语高考总复习人教版必修四fight against 与作斗争fight over 因而斗争辨析：conflict，fight与struggle(1)conflict指“由于严重不一致，而引起抵触或冲突”。如：Their acco
8、unt of the causes of the war conflicts with ours.他们关于战争起因的报告与我们的相反。英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2)fight原意是“打仗，战斗”，指“任何形成的斗争”，特别强调“短兵相接”。如：The two boys fought.这两个男孩子动手打起来了。(3)struggle本义是“挣扎”，指“克服某种障碍或困难，以达到某种目的”，意味着“处境难”。如：They were struggling for peace.他们为和平而斗争。英语高考总复习人教版必修四2expand vt.&vi.使变大；伸展；阐述expand on/upon 详
9、述；进一步说明expand into 扩展成英语高考总复习人教版必修四可能这样考The company has _ its operation in Thailand by building a new factory there.AobtainedBexpandedCdeclined Dimproved答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四3circulate v(使)流通，(使)运行，(使)循环，(使)传播circulation n循环，流通，发行额circulative adj.循环的，促进循环的，流通的circulate.through 使在中循环in circulation 流通着，传播
10、着put into circulation 传播；使流通；发行辨析：spread，circulate与distribute这些动词均含“传播，散播”之意。其区别是：英语高考总复习人教版必修四(1)spread为普通用词，使用广泛。指传播疾病、思想、文化、习惯或谣言等。(2)circulate既指某物在一物体内循环流动，又可指在一定范围内传播物品、刊物或思想、语言等。(3)distribute指把一定数量的东西分成若干等份进行分发。英语高考总复习人教版必修四4thanks to 由于，多亏，因为(为介词短语)表示“由于，因为”的介词短语还有：due to，because of，owing to，
11、on account of。辨析：because of，owing to，due to，on account of，as a/the result of与thanks to(1)because of意为“因为，由于”，在句中一般作状语，可置于句首或句末。如：Because of illness，the boy did not go to school.因为生病，这个男孩没有去上学。英语高考总复习人教版必修四提示：很少说“His stay at home was because of the rain.”，而常说“He stayed at home；this was because of the
12、 rain.”(2)owing to意为“由于，因为”，在句中通常作状语，可置于句首或句末。如：Owing to my absence，they had to put off the class meeting till next week.由于我不在，他们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。英语高考总复习人教版必修四提示：owing to引导的短语必须是修饰全句的。严格地讲，置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开；而because of可以只修饰主句的一部分，放于句末时不用逗号与主句隔开。(3)due to意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般作表语或定语，但在很多场合，可与owing to通用，作状语。如：He
13、 was injured due to(owing to)a car accident.他由于一起汽车事故受了伤。英语高考总复习人教版必修四(4)on account of意为“因缘故；由于”，它引导的短语在句中通常作状语，可置于句首或句末。如：The train arrived late on account of a heavy snow.由于一场大雪火车来迟了。(5)as a/the result of意为“由于”，一般用作状语。如：As a result of the war，the lives of many people were lost.由于战争，许多人丧了命。英语高考总复习人
14、教版必修四(6)thanks to这一介词短语含有“幸亏，多亏；依赖，依靠”等意思。它引导的短语可以表达正面意思(近于“感谢”)，也可用于讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)，在句中作状语，大多放在名首，但也可置于句末。如：Thanks to your help，I passed the test.幸亏你的帮助，我测试及格了。英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009郑州预测)There would not be a good harvest of wheat this year _ the drought.Ain spite of Bapart fromCdue to Din case o
15、f英语高考总复习人教版必修四解析：四个选项都是介词短语，后接名词或动名词。in spite of“虽然，尽管”，与despite同义，表示让步的条件；apart from“除了(except for)，此外(in addition to，as well as)”；due to“由于”，表示原因，与短语owing to，because of和on account of同义；in case of“万一，如果”。语境：由于干旱，今年的小麦收成不会太好。所以答案为C。答案：C英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009青岛质检)Unable to work at a steady job _ a termin
16、al illness，he decided to volunteer at the local children center.Aat the cost of Bas a result ofCin case of Dat the risk of英语高考总复习人教版必修四解析：考查介词短语辨析。as a result of(作为结果)；at the cost of(以为代价)；in case of(以防)；at the risk of(冒着的风险)。句意：由于他的疾病到了晚期不能从事固定的工作，于是他决定到儿童中心去做志愿者。故选B。答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四5rid sb./onese
17、lf of sth.使某人摆脱get rid of 处理、去掉rob sb.of sth.抢某人东西inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事cheat sb.of sth.骗某人某事persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009昆明检测)Once formed，bad habits are hard to _.Aget hold of Bget used toCget rid of Dget along with解析：get hold of 捉住；得到
18、；get used to 习惯；get rid of 摆脱；get along with 进展。句意为：坏的习惯一旦形成就很难摆脱。答案：C英语高考总复习人教版必修四6satisfy v满足；使满意sth.satisfy sb.某事使某人满意be satisfied to do sth.干某事满意satisfy sb.that/of使某人确信be satisfied with对感到满意satisfaction n满意提示：satisfying令人满意的，一般与物有关。satisfied感到满意的，一般与人有关。二者均可作定语和表语。英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2007重庆检测)_wit
19、h his newlywritten poem，he sat back comfortably into the chair，reading it aloud to himself.AHaving satisfied BHaving been satisfiedCBeing satisfying DSatisfied英语高考总复习人教版必修四解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：因为对他自己新创作的诗歌非常满意，于是他很自在地靠着椅子，同时大声地 朗 读 诗 歌。考 查 了 短 语“be satisfied with”，此 处satisfied是作为形容词化了的过去分词，表示心理活动。再如“Worri
20、ed about the result of the race，the players waited nervously.”。答案：D英语高考总复习人教版必修四7equip vt.&vi.配备；装备equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/物equip sb./sth.for(doing)sth.为(做)某事而准备sb.be equipped to do sth.使某人有准备做某事equip sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事be equipped with sth.装备有某物英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009江苏苏州中学高三月考)The laborato
21、ry was well _ for atomic research.Aoffered BequippedCprovided Dsupplied解析：equip 装备。句意：这个实验室有齐全的设备供原子研究。offer，provide，supply意思都是“提供，供应”，后需有“所提供、供应的物品”句意才完整。答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四8lead to 导致；造成(后果)lead sb.to sp.带领某人去某地lead sb.to do sth.使得某人做某事result in 引起bring about 引起英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009皖 南 八 校 联 考)Thou
22、gh plastic bags really brought convenience to us，they also _ many problems for the environment.Aled to Breferred toCcontributed to Dappealed to解析：led to，“导致”；referred to，“提到，涉及”；contribute to，“有助于”；appeal to，“吸引”。答案：A英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009宜 昌 调 研)I firmly believe：Acting before thinking always _ failure，
23、so you should think twice over it.Aresults in Bcomes fromCbreaks into Dgets through英语高考总复习人教版必修四解析：result in“引起，导致”；come from“源自，起因 于，出 生 于”；break into“闯 入，强 行 进 入”，get through“完成，通过，用完，接通电话”。语境为“我坚定地认为：先行动后思考总是导致失败，因此你应该认真思考这件事”。只有result in符合语境。答案：A英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009黄冈中学)It is much easier to talk a
24、bout social change than to _.Abring it on Bbring it aboutCbring it up Dbring it out答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四9focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于focus too much on sth./doing sth.过分注意focus ones attention on sth./doing sth.把注意力集中到某事/做某事focus sth.on sth.调节焦距对准be the focus of attention 是人们最为关注的人事物focussed adj.集中注意力的；聚精会神的conc
25、entrate ones attention on 把注意集中在pay attention to 集中注意力于英语高考总复习人教版必修四提示：focus的现在分词为focussing，过去式、过去分词是focussed或focused。focus attention on和pay attention to意思相同，但不要混用了介词。英语高考总复习人教版必修四10free from 不受影响的get/give sth.for free 免费得到/赠送free of charge 免费be free to do 自由地做，随意地做be free of 没有的，摆脱的set free 释放be fr
26、ee with 对大方，随便of ones own free will 出于自愿a smokefree room/area 无烟室/区英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009黄冈模拟)She cant free herself _ the idea that someone is watching her all the time.AAgainst BofCfor Dat解析：free of/from是固定搭配。题意为：她总认为有人一直注意着她。答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四二、帮你解疑1would rather句型该句型表示“宁愿做某事”，常用来表示选择的意愿。其中would是情态动
27、词，无人称和数的变化，无时态的变化。英语高考总复习人教版必修四英语高考总复习人教版必修四I would rather you didnt smoke in the office.我希望你不在办公室里抽烟。Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.我真希望你那天没有把消息告诉他。Id rather have left a note on her desk.我本想留张字条在她书桌上的(事实上没有留)。I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.英语高考总复习人教版必修四我宁可在家看电
28、视也不愿去看电影。Facing the enemies，our soldiers would die rather than surrender.面对敌人，我们的战士宁死不屈。A lot of my friends eat sweets every day but I would rather eat a nice piece of fruit.我的很多朋友每天都喜爱吃甜点，但是我更喜欢吃点水果。英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009四川南充)Did you say something rude to her because of what shed done?Yes，but I _ s
29、o.Ahad better not do Bwould rather not doCoughtnt to do Dwould rather not have done英语高考总复习人教版必修四解析：考查would rather句型。说话者是想表达“我宁愿没这么做”，所以用would rather not have done。答案：D英语高考总复习人教版必修四2therefore与so的区别这两个词语都可译为“因此”，其区别是：(1)therefore是一个副词，常用做插入语，其后常用逗号与句子分开，通常指引出一个推断出的必然结论，是正式用语。例如：He works hard at his le
30、ssons.Therefore，he will pass the exam.他学习很努力，因此，他将会通过考试。英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2)so则是一个并列连词，它常用来连接两个并列句，后一个句子通常表示结果。它用于比较随便的场合，口语中多用，推论一般不严格。例如：I had broken my glasses，so I couldnt see what was happening.我的眼镜坏了，因此我看不见正在发生什么。英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009北京丰台区)Once entering the university，the students are not expecte
31、d to devote all their hours to studying._，they should learn to divide their time between clubs and studies.AWhats more BThereforeCIn addition DOtherwise解析：这里的上下句为因果关系，只有B项合乎题意。答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四3since then与ever since的区别(1)since then意为“从那时以来”，通常与动词的现在完成时连用，指从过去某一时刻起到现在为止的一段时间。例如：She has lived here sin
32、ce then.从那时以来，她就一直住在这儿。英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2)ever since意为“从那时起一直到现在”，其中since是副词。ever since后面也可跟名词或从句，意为“从时起一直到现在”，通常与持续性动词的完成时态连用。例如：He went to Tibet in 1956 and has lived there ever since.1956年他去西藏，从那以后就一直住在那里。John has kept up his study of English ever since he began to work.约翰自从参加工作以来，一直坚持学习英语。英语高考总复习人教
33、版必修四三、语法重点本单元主要学习动名词的用法。动名词的一般式有主动式doing，被动式being done；完成式的主动式是having done，被动式是having been done；其否定式是在其前加not。动名词在句中相当于名词的作用，可以做主语、宾语、定语、表语和同位语。物主代词或名词所有格加动名词构成动名词的复合结构，如果不在句首，这个结构的逻辑主语常可以用普通格。英语高考总复习人教版必修四这样考过(2009上海)Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
34、Ahaving held Bto holdCholding Dhold解析：句意：比尔建议在假期中召开一个有关上海世博会事宜的会议。suggest doing sth.建议做某事。答案：C英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009陕西)I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato take Bto be takenCtaking Dbeing taken英语高考总复习人教版必修四解析：句意：我仍然记得曾被带去过法门寺，而且还记得我在那里所看到的一切。此题考查动词remember的用法。remember to do st
35、h.记住要去做某事，事情未发生；remember doing sth.记得已经做过某事，事情已经做完。根据句中“what I saw there”可知动作发生在过去，已完成，故排除A、B。又因为take为及物动词，选C缺少宾语，成分不完整，故排除此项。所以此处选动名词的被动式符合语法和句意。答案：D英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009上饶模拟)Come on，Mary！What makes you cry your heart out?_ apart.ABecause Jacob tore my Teddy Bear BJacob tearing my Teddy BearCJacobs te
36、aring my Teddy Bear DMy Teddy Bear being torn英语高考总复习人教版必修四解析：由句中的“what makes you.”知提问的是主语，故回答中应是能作主语的动名词，用名词所有格动名词结构，故选C。A是because引导的原因状语从句，不能作主语；B、C两项也是动名词复合结构，但由于动名词用的是普通格，决定了其不能用作句子的主语。答案：C英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009北京崇文区)_ the water run while you brush your teeth wastes water.ADont let BLetCNot letting D
37、Letting解析：动名词做主语，“你刷牙时让水流着费水”。答案：D英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009成都检测)Chinese News reported today that a woman in Hongbai had been rescued after _ in a tunnel for nine days.Atrapping Bbeing trappedChaving trapped Dto be trapped解析：此处表“被困在”且强调状态，所以选B。D项表还没有发生，显然不符合语境。答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四1(2010安 庆 四 校 联 考)What made el
38、evenyearold Ajani that sad?_.AHis parents died of the same yearBHis parents dying of the same diseaseCHis being able to cure his parentsDNot his being able to treat his parents答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四2(2010皖 南 八 校 联 考)Something as simple as _ vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious
39、illness in later life.Ato eatBeatingCto be eating Deaten答案：B英语高考总复习人教版必修四3.(2010北京东城区)The driver braked hard to avoid a child coming in his way.A.HitB.to hitC.HittingD.to have hit答案：C英语高考总复习人教版必修四4(2010北京海滨区)The silence of the library is sometimes broken by a sudden cough or the sound of pages _.Atu
40、rning BturnedCbeing turned Dhaving turned答案：C英语高考总复习人教版必修四5(2010福建六校)Living in the dormitory means _ to take care of yourself，understand each others differences and share _ interests.Ato learn，common.Blearning，ordinaryCto learn，ordinaryDlearning，common答案：D英语高考总复习人教版必修四(2009江苏)Have you ever noticed t
41、he colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall？What do you think caused this change in colour？It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields.Components of Soil英语高考总复习人教版必修四Soil is made up of a number of layers(层)，each having its own di
42、stinctive colour and texture.The upper layer is known as the litter.It acts like a blanket，limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss.The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质)，which is black and gives the topsoil its
43、 dark colour.This layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and water.Below the topsoil is the subsoil，英语高考总复习人教版必修四a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter.This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus.Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
44、英语高考总复习人教版必修四Soil forms from the bottom up.Over time bedrock is attacked by rain，wind，frost，and snow.It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering.Plants begin to grow，and rotten materals enrich the topsoil.Most of the soil in Eastern Canada.for example，was formed
45、 from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago.英语高考总复习人教版必修四Water Beneath the SoilSurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers.Once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater.Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process cal
46、led percolation(渗透).Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table.Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.英语高考总复习人教版必修四As water percolates downward，it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers.This causes a serious problem
47、because plants require these nutrients for growth.Soil pHSoil can be acidic，neutral，or basic.The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed，and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.英语高考总复习人教版必修四The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the g
48、roundwater that enters the soil.By burning fossil fuels such as coal，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to highter levels of acidity in many soils.When fossil fuels are burned，gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain.Acid soil increases the problem of carr
49、ying nutrients to lower soil levels.As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile.Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases.英语高考总复习人教版必修四1The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called _.Alitter BtopsoilChumus Dsubsoil答案与解析：B细节
50、理解题。根据文章第二段中The topsoil layer is lighter in colour.可知表层土壤下面的土壤因缺少腐殖质而颜色较浅，故B项说活不正确。英语高考总复习人教版必修四2According to the text，which of the following is NOT true?A Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.BThe deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.CAir pollution is partia
51、lly responsible for acid soil.DGroundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.英语高考总复习人教版必修四答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句The layer is lighter in colour.可知表层土壤下面的土壤因缺少腐殖质而颜色较浅，故B项说法不正确。英语高考总复习人教版必修四3We can infer from the passage that the water table lies _.Abetween the topsoil layer and the subs
52、oil layerBin the subsoil layer above bedrockCbetween the subsoil layer and bedrockDin the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil答案与解析：C推理判断题。概括第四段末尾Under this is bedrock.可知the water table下面是bedrock，故C项正确。英语高考总复习人教版必修四4The underlined word“dissolve”is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are _.Arushed away into the riverBcleaned and purified by waterCdestroyed and carried away by waterDmixed with water and become part of it英语高考总复习人教版必修四答案与解析：D词义猜测题。根据文章第五段第一句As water percolate downward，.from the soil.可知水向下渗透的时候溶解土壤中的有机物和矿物质，故选D。英语高考总复习人教版必修四
