1、Unit 3 Period 3Discovering Useful Structures语法精析课语法精讲透析现在完成时的被动语态【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,回答以下问题。原句1 There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.原句2 Peoples lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.【生成得】现在完成时主动语态_现在完成时被动语态_have/has doneha
2、ve/has been done【研学析】一、现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成的影响,它有两层意思:1.动作已_,强调对现在造成的影响或结果;2.主语与谓语动词之间为_关系。如:Our classroom has been cleaned;you neednt clean it now.(强调教室已被打扫,对现在造成的影响是教室是干净的)完成被动二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如:The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.张飞庙已经被重建。2.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果,
3、强调对现在造成的影响。The door has been locked.门已经被锁上了。(结果是现在没人能够进去)3.动作或状态始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for引导的时间状语连用,或用于“How long.?”句型中。如:He has been told about it many times.有人告诉他这事很多次了。(可能还会有人告诉他)三、使用现在完成时被动语态注意事项1.副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于_和_中间。如:误Such a man has been hardly believed.正Such a
4、 man has hardly been believed.have/has过去分词2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态。如:happen,take place,break out,belong to,cost,last等 _动词或词组无被动语态。如:误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.不及物3.但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,也可以有被动语态。但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态
5、时,不可丢掉构成短语的_或_。如:The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years.这些年来,这孩子一直受到王奶奶的照顾。A notice has been put up on the wall.墙上贴了张告示。介词副词4.接双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,常将_宾语变为主语;但若直接将_宾语变为主语,则需要在间接宾语前加上适当的_(to 或for)。His parents have given him a new bike recently._ has been given _(by his parents
6、)recently._has been given _(by his parents)recently.5.带有复合宾语的动词在变为被动式时,只能够把主动结构中的宾语变为主语,而原来的_则保留在谓语动词后面。I have asked him to post the letter._间接直接介词Hea new bikeA new biketo him宾语补足语He has been asked to post the letter.四、现在完成时被动语态的否定式和疑问式从现在完成时被动语态结构has/have been done可以看出has/have为助动词,因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变
7、换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not,构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前,构成反意疑问句时,附加问句借助hasnt/havent。如:His homework hasnt been finished.他的家庭作业还没有写完。Has this bridge been finished?这座桥竣工了吗?The blackboard has been cleaned,hasnt it?黑板已经擦过了,是吗?【知识延伸】现在完成时被动语态例题讲解例1 Paper money _for over a thousand years.A.usedB.has
8、been usedC.has usedD.is using 分析 主语和谓语是被动关系,而且时间状语是一个时间段,根据题意,谓语动词所要表示动作可能还要继续下去,符合现在完成时,所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。答案是B。例2 We want to sit at the table near the window.Im sorry,but it _already.A.has takenB.tookC.was takenD.has been taken 分析 从题干中的答语知道,座位已经有人坐了,说明结果。所以应该用现在完成时的被动式。答案是D。例3 _ the letter _to Mr Blac
9、k?No.Its still on the desk.A.Has;givenB.Will;be givenC.Was;givenD.Has;been given分析此题是一道问答情景题。问话人想知道的是动作的结果,所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。其疑问式是把这一结构中的助动词have或has提前,所以正确答案是D。例4How long _at this job?Since 1990.A.were you employedB.have you been employedC.had you been employedD.will you be employed分析 how long 引导的是一个特殊
10、疑问句,从how long和 since 1990我们可以确定应该是现在完成时,再从意义上看,应该使用被动语态,所以答案应该是B。例5 The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A.has not explainedB.has not been explained C.didnt explainD.were not explained分析 the reason是主语中心词,它和谓语explain之间是被动关系;题干的意思是:还没有给我们解释作出变化的理由。应该是现在完成时的被动式的否定式。答案是B。例6 Great changes
11、 _in my hometown and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place;are being set upB.have taken place;have been set upC.are taken place;had been set upD.had taken place;will be set up分析 take place是不及物动词词组,因此没有被动语态;而factories和set up之间是被动关系;根据题干上下文可以看出,都应该是现在完成时,所以答案是B。【内化用】完成下列含有被动语态的句子(每空一词)。They hav
12、e built many houses in the village in the past few years.Many houses _ _ _ in the village in the past few years.They should have completed the project earlier this month.The project should _ _ _ earlier this month.Jacks boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.Jack _ _ _ _ by his boss fo
13、r his devotion to work.have been builthave been completedhas always been praisedThey have found a good place to build a nest in the community.A good place _ _ _ to build a nest in the community.They havent yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.How to solve that difficult tech
14、nological problem _ _ _ yet.has been foundhasnt been decided常温故勤总结现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即“have+been+动词过去分词”。现在完成时被动语态的主要用法:1.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去),强调对现在造成的影响和结果。当动词为短暂性动词时,可与already或yet连用,但不可与for或since引导的时间状语连用。2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long.?句
15、型中。连用的时间状语有:already,yet,lately,recently,in the past/last few days/years,since then,up to now,so far 等。3.由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,join,marry,open等非延续性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days,how long等连用,而要改换动词或时态。4.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在被动结构中要保持完整性,不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Who will
16、be sent there _(not decide)yet.2.So far,almost two-thirds of this book _(learn)in all.3.It is said that the bridge _(close)for repairs for months.4.Our school area _(enlarge)many times in the last few years.5.This is one of the farthest places that _(explore)so far in that country.课时素养达标hasnt been d
17、ecidedhas been learnthas been closedhas been enlargedhave been explored6.In recent years,much progress _(make)as a result of his efforts.7.The government has proved that most of the buildings _ _(destroy),leaving many people dead or injured.8.By now,all the letters _(type)for your convenience.has been madehavebeen destroyedhave been typed.完成句子1.The room _.房间已打扫干净了。2.How long _?这机器使用有多久了?3._since last week.自上周以来,没有人来买过书。4.The orphan _.这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。has already been cleanedhas the machine been usedNo books have been boughthas been well looked after本课结束
