1、uUnit 3 Sea ExplorationSsectionLearningAboutLanguage.阅读理解ADolphinsareuniversallyregardedassomeofthecleverestcreaturesintheworld.Incaptivity(圈养), theycanbetrainedtocompletecomplextaskssuchasjumpingthroughhoopsandsomersaultingthroughtheair.Buttheirintelligencedoesntstopthere.Inarecentstudyofcetaceans(
2、鲸目动物)agroupofanimalsthatincludedolphinsandwhalesresearcherscreatedalistofintelligentbehaviorsobservedin90differentcetaceanspecies, reportedtheGuardian.Forexample, thesmartestcetaceanshuntingroups, shareknowledgethroughmimicry(模仿)andevencareforeachotherschildren.Someevenconsidertheirbehaviortobehuman
3、like.“Thesayingthatit_takes_a_village_to_raise_a_childseemstobetrueforbothwhalesandhumans，”MichaelMuthukrishnaoftheLondonSchoolofEconomics, coauthorofthestudy, toldtheGuardian.However, cetaceansdontjustusetheirbrainpowerforsurvival.Thestudysuggeststhatdolphinsmightevengossip.Thatsbecausesomespeciesg
4、reeteachotherwithspecificwhistles，justashumansgreeteachotherbyname, theGuardianreported.Sometimes, agroupofdolphinswhistlesthe“name”ofadolphinthatisntthere.Couldtheybespeakingabouttheir“friend”behinditsback?Fortheresearchers，dolphinsmalltalkisabigdeal.Astheyfoundthatthemostsocialcetaceansalsohavethe
5、largestbrains, theyarguethatcetaceanintelligencedevelopedtomeetthedemandsofcomplexsocialgroups.Knownasthe“culturalbrainhypothesis(假设)，”ithadonlybeenusedtoexplaintheintelligenceofhumansandotherprimates(灵长目动物).Thenewstudyaimedtofindacommonpathwayfortheevolutionofintelligenceamongbiologicallydifferents
6、pecies.“Itisinterestingtothinkthatwhaleandhumanbrainsaredifferentintheirstructurebuthavebroughtustothesamepatternsinbehavior，”LukeRendell, abiologistattheUniversityofStAndrews, toldtheGuardian.Indeed, westillhavealottolearnaboutourintelligentoceandwellingneighbors.“Wedonthavetolookatotherplanetstolo
7、okforaliens，”MuthukrishnatoldtheGuardian, “becauseweknowthatunderwatertherearetheseamazingspecieswithsomanyparallelstousintheircomplexbehaviors.”1Therecentstudywasintendedto_.AlearnmoreaboutintelligentcreaturesoftheseaBexplaintheintelligenceofhumansandcetaceansCcreatealistofintelligentbehaviorsofdif
8、ferentcetaceanspeciesDseewhethertheintelligenceofdifferentspeciesevolvedinthesameway2WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph3?AVillagershavetheresponsibilitytoraiseanychildinthevillage.BLikehumanbeings，whalesevenhelpraiseeachothersbabies.CCetaceanshavesocialbehaviorsverysimilartohumanbeings.D
9、Itisnoteasyforonevillagertotakecareofhisorherownchild.3Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?AItisunnecessarytolookforaliensanddoresearchintothem.BSomecetaceanshavethesameintelligenceashumanbeings.CBothdolphinsandwhalesgreeteachotherwithspecificwhistles.DBothdolphinsandwhaleshavealotincommonwithhumansinbe
10、haviors.4Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?AAliensLivingUnderwaterBAStudyofIntelligentDolphinsCIntelligentCreaturesoftheSeaDReasonsfortheIntelligenceofSeaCreaturesBOnepartoftheworldisstilllargelyunexplored.Itisthedeepsea.Overtheyears, manypeoplehaveexploredunderthesea.Butthefirstdeepseadiverswantedto
11、findsunkentreasure.Theywerentreallyinterestedinstudyingthecreaturesoflifethere.Onlyrecentlyhavetheybeguntolearnsomeofthemysteriesofthesea.Itsnoteasytoexplorethedeepsea.Adivermusthaveawayofbreathingunderwater.Hemustbeabletoprotecthimselffromgreatpressure.Thepressureofairisabout15poundsoneverysquarein
12、ch.Butthepressureofwaterisabout1, 300poundsoneverysquareinch!Thefirstdivingsuitsweremadeofrubber.Theyhadametalhelmet(头盔)withwindowsinit.Theshoesweremadeofleadandweighedtwentypoundseach! Thesesuitsletdiversgodownafewhundredfeet, buttheywerenogoodforexploringtheverydeepwaters.Withametaldivingsuit, adi
13、vercouldgodown700feet.Metalsuitswerefirstusedinthe1930s.In1927, adivernamedWilliamBeebewantedtoexploredeeperthananyonehadevergonebefore.Hewasnotinterestedinfindingtreasure.Hewantedtostudythecreaturesandplantsofthesea.HisfriendinventedametalballcalledtheBathysphere.Itweighedmorethan5,000pounds, butin
14、itBeebewentdown3,028feet.Hesawmanythingsthathadneverbeenseenbyhumansbefore.5Peoplewhofirstexploredthedeepseahopedto_.AlearnabouttheanimalsandplantsoftheseaBsolvesomemysteriesabouttheseaChaveanexcitingtripintheseaDdiscovertreasureunderthesea6Accordingtothetext, whatmake(s)deepseadivingdifficult?AThep
15、ressureofwater.BThetemperatureofwater.CThedangerousseacreatures.DTheheavybreathingequipment.7Comparedwithrubberdivingsuits, metaldivingsuits_.AhadwindowsinthemetalhelmetBweighedtwentymorepoundsCweregoodforexploringdeeperwatersDbegantobeusedmuchearlier8WhatdoweknowaboutWilliamBeebefromthetext?AHebrok
16、ethedivingrecordinhistime.BHefailedtofindthetreasurehewanted.CHemetsomethingterribleunderthesea.DHewasthefirstdivertoexplorethedeepsea.七选五Ifyourparentswillretiresoon, tolivecomfortablyinretirement, youneedtopersuadethemtosaveuntilithurts._1_Theymaythinktheycantaffordtosaveorfearlosingmoneytobadinves
17、tments(投资), buttheyhavetoovercomethosefears, becauseafinancially(财政上)securefuturewillbeuptothem.Theycanstartbysavingaslittleas$10apaycheckorputtingawayhalftheirnextrise.Asmallamountofmoneycanproducemassiveamountsofwealthovertime._2_Peopleusednottoworryaboutsavingfortheirlateryearsbecausemanyhadpensi
18、ons, andtheydidntliveaslongaspeopledonow.Buttheycannolongercountontheiremployers, partlybecausetheemployersmightnotbeabletoaffordtheirpensions, andmostpeopledontstaywithoneemployer._3_Consequently, theyshoulddependonthemselvesforretirement._4_Youcanadvisethemtostartbycontributing1%oftheirpay.Ifthe1%
19、contributionhurts, thentheycanstayatthatleveluntilitdoesnthurtanymore.Ifitdoesnthurt, thenincreasetheircontribution(byanother1%.)Dothatuntilithurts._5_Theyjustaskforasmallcupofcoffeeinsteadofalargecupinthecoffeehouseortheycantrytoskipdrinkingsodadailyatlunch.Intimetheywillbenefitalotfromtodayseffort
20、swhentheyretire.ATheycanstartsmall.BThekeyisgettingstarted.CButbelieveyoucanmakeit.DManypeoplechangejobseveryfewyears.EItseasytocutadollaradayfrommostbudgets.FPeoplegivelotsofexcusesfornotsavingforretirement.GSomeseniorsareconfidentthattheywillbesupportedbytheirchildren.课时作业(八).阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主
21、要介绍了研究者发现在海洋下面生活着类人智商的群居动物，比如海豚和鲸，它们的大脑为我们研究智力的进化提供了参考。1答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“The new study aimed to find a common pathway for the evolution of intelligence among biologically different species.”可知这项研究的目的是发现不同物种的智力是否以相同的方式进化，故选D。2答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据第二段中“the smartest cetaceans hunt in groups，share knowle
22、dge through mimicry (模仿) and even care for each others children”并结合第三段中“The saying that it takes a village to raise a child seems to be true for both whales and humans”可知，画线处意在表明像人类一样，鲸甚至帮助抚养彼此的婴儿，故选B。3答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段中“For example, the smartest cetaceans hunt in groups, share knowledge through mi
23、micry (模仿) and even care for each others children. Some even consider their behavior to be humanlike.”并结合倒数第二段中“It is interesting to think that whale and human brains are different in their structure but have brought us to the same patterns in behavior”可知，海豚和鲸与人类在行为上有很多共同点，故选D项。4答案与解析：C主旨大意题。根据最后一段中
24、“we still have a lot to learn about our intelligent oceandwelling neighbors. we know that underwater there are these amazing species with so many parallels to us in their complex behaviors”和全文可知，全文介绍了研究者发现在海洋下面生活着类人智商的群居动物，比如海豚和鲸，它们的大脑为我们研究智力的进化提供了参考。C项“海洋中的智慧生物”切合文意，故选C。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了深海探险的
25、相关知识。5答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段中“But the first deepsea divers wanted to find sunken treasure.”可知，人们最初探测深海是想寻找沉入海底的金银财宝。6答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He must be able to protect himself from great pressure.the pressure of water is about 1,300 pounds on every square inch！”可知，水压很大，这使得在深海中潜水非常困难。7答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“T
26、hese suits let divers go down a few hundred feet, but they were no good for exploring the very deep waters.With a metal diving suit, a diver could go down 700 feet.”可知，与橡胶潜水服相比，金属潜水服可以帮助人们探测较深的水域。8答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据最后一段的“William Beebe wanted to explore deeper than anyone had ever gone before”和“.Beebe w
27、ent down 3,028 feet. He saw many things that had never been seen by humans before.”可推断，Beebe通过探海球(the Bathysphere)探测到了更深的海域，打破了以往的潜水纪录。.七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人退休后要储蓄的问题及方法。1答案与解析：F前面表示：如果你父母将很快就会退休，你需要说服他们储蓄以备到时候会受到没有储蓄的伤害。后面表示：他们也许认为他们付不起储蓄的钱或担心投资受损。空处应表示：人们不为退休储蓄的借口很多，故选F。2答案与解析：B前面表示：他们可以以一个10美元
28、的账单来储蓄开始，或者是将他们下次加薪的一半的钱存起来。一段时间后，少量的钱可以产生大量的财富积累。所以空处表示要开始储蓄。也就是要行动起来。这与本段开头“They can start by saving. (他们可以从存开始)”一致，故选B。3答案与解析：D前句点明线索：绝大多数人都不会一直为一个老板工作，即他们经常更换工作，后句给的线索是：他们应该依靠自己养老。既然自己养老，那就需要自己存储钱财以备不时之需。综合这两条线索可知，多数人不会在一个老板手下工作很长时间，因此，他们经常换工作，故选D。4答案与解析：A空格后面的句子为线索：你可以建议他们以他们的工资报酬的1%为起始点开始存储。这说明这是很小一笔钱，这与A选项切合。5答案与解析：E根据后面“They just ask for a small cup of coffee instead of a large cup in the coffee house or they can try to skip drinking soda daily at lunch.”可以看出作者是在说每天节约一点点预算就可以“benefit a lot from todays efforts when they retire”，与预算有关的E选项切合文意。
