1、单元语法(二)动名词语法图解语法感悟单句语法填空1He is so stubborn, so its no use arguing (argue) with him.2Reading (read) aloud is good for you while learning English.3Look! The girl standing (stand) under that tree is my new friend.4Her work is taking (take) good care of the little children at the centre.5That means goin
2、g (go) back to the place where he is sleeping.一、动名词的定义动名词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。动名词具有名词和动词的特征。二、动名词的基本形式动名词由动词原形加词尾ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词具有时态和语态的变化，现以learn为例列表如下：主动语态 被动语态一般式learningbeing learned完成式having learnedhaving been learned1.动名词的一般式(主动用doing；被动用being done)动名词的一般式可以表示没有时间先后的动作，即没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作；也可以表示发生在谓语动
3、词之前的动作；有时还可指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.早睡早起是个好习惯。(没有明确的时间)I dont remember ever meeting you somewhere.我不记得原来在什么地方见过你。(发生在谓语动词之前)Doctors advise giving up smoking.医生建议戒烟。(发生在谓语动词之后)2动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前(主动用having done；被动用having been done)The old man thanked m
4、e for having helped him find his relatives house.那位老人感谢我帮他找到亲戚的家。I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.我不记得曾被给予做这件事的机会。3动名词的否定式：由“not动名词”构成She regretted not listening to you, which caused this mistake.她后悔没有听你的话，导致了这一错误。His not having done his homework made his teacher very angry.他
5、没有完成作业使老师很生气。即学即用1单句语法填空1He had finally accomplished his dream of becoming (become) a pilot.2The patient insisted on being_operated (operate) on even if there is little hope of success.3They are considering going (go) to Hainan for the summer holiday.4His not telling (tell) a lie made his mother qui
6、te angry.5This novel is not worthy of being_made (make) into a film.三、动名词的句法功能动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1作主语(1)谓语动词通常用单数。如：Reciting is necessary in learning a language.在学习一门语言时，背诵是必须的。(2)表示经常的、习惯的动作或情况，而不定式更倾向某一次特定的、具体的动作。如：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.走路无论对老人还是年轻
7、人来说都是一种有益的运动。(3)为了避免“头重脚轻”，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的动名词主语后置。常用句型是Its a waste (of time.)/no/little good/usedoing sth.，如：Its no use making an excuse for this.为此找借口是没用的。Its a waste of time talking about such a thing.谈论这种事情是在浪费时间。2作表语动名词作表语主要表示主语的具体内容，基本上可以把主语与表语倒过来理解。如果表示与动名词主语等同或类似情况，表语通常用动名词。如：Seeing is belie
8、ving. (To see is to believe.)眼见为实。Denying this will be shutting ones eyes to fact.否认这一点就是闭起眼睛不正视现实。如果表语是表示目的、愿望、计划或某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，表语通常用不定式。如：My purpose (wish/hope/plan/idea/.) is to climb the mountain from the south.我的目的(愿望/希望/计划/主意/)是从南麓爬山。3作宾语(1)有些动词和短语只可以跟动名词作宾语。像advise/consider(考虑)/a
9、dmit/allow/suggest(建议)/finish/appreciate/mind/imagine/deny(否认)/enjoy/keep (on)/practise/understand/permit/miss (错过)/excuse/escape/avoid/risk (冒险)/give up/put off/insist on/cant help(禁不住)等。为了大家能够准确地记住常用的可以跟动名词作宾语的及物动词和短语，下面的顺口溜可以帮助同学们记忆：喜欢考虑不可免，(enjoy/consider/escape/avoid)停止放弃太冒险。(stop/give up/risk)
10、承认理解很值得，(admit/understand/be worth)反对想象莫推延。(mind/imagine/delay/put off)要求完成是期望，(require/finish/look forward to)建议继续勤操练。(suggest/go on/practise)不禁原谅要坚持，(cant help/excuse/insist on)继续注意便成功。(keep on/mind/succeed in)(2)有些动词跟动名词和不定式作宾语意义不同。rememberforgetregrettrymeango oncant help(3)require/need/want作“需要
11、”讲时后跟动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，表示事情需要被做；be worth后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。即：require/need/want(需要)be worthThe library needs cleaning, but itll have to wait until Sunday.图书馆需要打扫了，但是要等到星期日我才能做。(4)动词like，love，prefer后接不定式或动名词均可。表经常性的行为用动名词，具体的行为用不定式。但like, love, prefer前如有would或should，则后面要接不定式。feel like后接动名词。I like skatin
12、g, but I dont like to skate this afternoon.我喜欢滑冰，但今天下午不想去。I should prefer to walk alone.我更希望自己一个人溜达。 (5)动词allow, advise, forbid, permit后跟动名词形式作宾语，但宾语补足语需要用不定式。即：allow/advise/forbid/permitWe dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。We dont allow students to make noise in the reading room.我们不允许学生在阅览室喧哗。(6)动
13、名词也可以作介词的宾语。尤其要注意一些含介词to的短语，要与不定式分清，像lead to/devote to/be used to/object to/look forward to/get down to等。One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting them.一个人通过犯错误并改正它们来学习一门语言。(7)在一些固定句型中，动名词作介词宾语，其中介词有时可以省掉。常用结构有：What about doing sth.?have trouble/difficulty/problem/pleasure/a good time/
14、a hard time doing sth.prevent/stop/keep.from doing sth.protect.from doing sth.spend/waste.(in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.4作定语动名词作定语时，通常置于被修饰名词之前，表示被修饰名词的用途或性能。如：a swimming pool 游泳池a walking stick 拐杖an answering machine 录音电话an operating table 手术台四、动名词的复合结构动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词所带的逻辑主语通
15、常是形容词性物主代词、宾格代词、名词所有格或普通格，如果逻辑主语是无生命物，则只用普通格(宾格)。动名词的复合结构作主语时，通常使用名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词。His coming late makes the teacher very angry.他来晚了使老师很生气。I cant imagine Marys/Mary marrying such a man.我无法想象玛丽竟然嫁给了这么一个人。即学即用2单句语法填空1Knowing (know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
16、2As far as Im concerned, its no good arguing (argue) with him.3I cant imagine you being (be) unfair to anyone, Lily.4Theres a note pinned to the door saying (say) when the shop will open again.5China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats fro
17、m being_attacked (attack) in the South China Sea.单句语法填空1Today there are more airplanes carrying (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.2The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing (stand) in one corner.3Toms being_taken (take) away made his parents worried and they had to turn to th
18、e police for help.4Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use arguing (argue) with him.5I enjoy practising (practise) reading English aloud in the morning and my oral English has greatly improved.6Ann never dreams of there being (be) a chance for her to be sent abroad very soon.7
19、Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires improving/to_be_improved (improve)8It is very cold outside. I feel like drinking (drink) something hot.9Isnt it time you got down to marking (mark) the papers?10You cant imagine the trouble we had finding (find) his house.完成句子1Reading_alou
20、d is a good way in learning a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一个好办法。2Its no use complaining without taking any action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。3I remember being_taken to the Summer Palace today.今天我还记得被带去颐和园的情景。4The_students_knowing English well will help them to learn French.学生很好地了解英语对学习法语有帮助。5Ann has been looking_forward_to_coming to China for a long time.安一直盼望着来中国。6What I hate most is being_laughed_at.我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。
