1、Unit 4Civilization一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.acquire vt.学习，习得；获得2.superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；更胜一筹的3.alternative n. 选择adj. 替代的4.approach vt. 接近；动手处理n. 途径，方法，接近5.print vt. 印刷；冲洗(照片)n. 字体；印刷6.practical adj.实用的；(切合)实际的，有实用价值的practice n实践7.existence n存在，生存exist vi.存在，生存8.violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；强烈的violently ad
2、v.猛烈地violence n暴力；暴行；猛烈9.succeed vi.成功；接着发生；继承succeeding adj.后继的，随后的success n成功；成功的人或事successful adj.成功的10.intelligent adj.聪明的，有头脑的intelligence n智力，理解力pare vt.(to, with)比较；(to)把比作vi.相比comparable adj.可比较的；适合相比的12.option n选择权；可选物；选课optional adj.可以任选的，非强制的13.disadvantage n不利(条件)；损失；缺点；劣势disadvantageous
3、 adj.不利的advantage n优点；优势14.evaluate vt.评估，评价evaluation n估价，评价15.resulting adj.结果的result n结果；成绩，比分 vi.导致；起因于1.Success in almost any field depends more on energy and drive than it does on intelligence (intelligent)2.Practical experience is often very important and practice is the direct way to get exp
4、erience.(practice)3.He succeeded his father as manager of the company.Soon their business became very successful.(succeed)4.The advantage of cycling to work is that we can live a lowcarbon life while the disadvantage is that it wastes time.(advantage)5.Last night we had a discussion, which became mo
5、re and more violent.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)6.As people are curious about the existence of the Alien, the discussion of whether the UFO exists or not never has a stop.(exist)7.This course is optional,_which means you have an option to
6、 decide whether to choose it or not.(option)1.acquire同义词一览get得到gain 赢得，获得obtain 获得win 取得，赢得earn 获得，赚得2“选择”家族alternative 选择choice 选择；选择权option 选择权；可选物selection 选择，挑选3.“聪明”有几何？intelligent adj.聪明的clever adj. 聪明的smart adj. 机灵的bright adj. 聪明的wise adj. 英明的4后缀age名词集锦advantage 优势percentage 百分比postage 邮资mess
7、age信息usage 使用5ence结尾名词知多少existence 存在dependence 依靠innocence 无罪，天真intelligence 智力diligence 勤奋，勤勉violence 暴力二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.apart_from_.除以外(还)2.no_doubt毫无疑问3.in_this_respect 就这方面而言 4.side_by_side 肩并肩地5.in_the_end 最后，最终 6.become_accustomed_to 习惯于7.mean_to_. 打算；意指 8.in_general 大体上；通常9.provide_
8、.with 为某人提供 10.in_particular 尤其；特别是11.be_exposed_to 使遭受；接触，经历12.cope_with 应付；处理13.cut_into 把切成14.be_necessary_for 对是必需的，对是必不可少的15.be_used_for 用于16.so_far 迄今为止，到目前为止17.in_the_development_of 在的发展中18.the_number_of_. 的数量(是)19.neither_of_. (两者)都不20.have_the_confidence_to 有信心做21.fail_to_do_sth. 没能够做；做不成功2
9、2.a_range_of 各种各样的；一系列1.Im sure shell cope_with the changes very well shes very adaptable.2.I am interested in stories in_general,_and in detective stories in particular.3.This means that after a while your body becomes_accustomed_to having nicotine in it.4.Apart_from a couple of spelling mistakes,
10、this is an excellent piece of work.5.Children, when they are_exposed_to an Englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.6.The_number_of homeless people has increased dramatically.1.“non.”短语小结no doubt毫无疑问no problem 没问题no wonder 难怪no way 决不no comment 无可奉告no trouble 不麻烦2.“n.pr
11、ep.n.”短语荟萃side by side肩并肩地step by step 逐步地face to face 面对面地heart to heart 心连心地shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地hand in hand 手拉手地arm in arm 手挽手地三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.Our ancestors did manage to write without paper.我们的祖先在没有纸的情况下确实能书写。do/does/did用于动词原形之前，起强调作用。事实上，他年轻的时候确实喜欢读小说。As a matter of fact, he_did_like_
12、reading_novels when he was young.2.You can imagine how hard it must have been to carve characters on wood and bamboo strips .你可以想象在这些木条或竹条上刻字有多么的困难must have done 表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。格林先生一定因为昨天在会上鲁莽的行为被处罚了，是吗？Mr Green must_have_been_punished for his being rude at the meeting yesterday, didnt he？第一板块核心单词归
13、纳集释1succeed vi.成功；继承；接着发生 vt.接替；继任高考佳句He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.(20186月浙江高考)他说如果他辞去这份工作，他就会失去工作和成功的动力。(1)succeed in (doing) sth.成功做某事succeed to sth. 继承succeed sb.as 接替某人成为(2)successful adj. 成功的be successful in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事(3)success nU成功；成就；C
14、成功的人或事Actually, we cant succeed in everything we try.Whats important is that we should stick to it.实际上，我们努力做的事情并不都会取得成功，重要的是我们应该坚持。As far as I know, John succeeded Tom as chairman of the Students Union.据我所知，约翰接替汤姆成为学生会的主席。Finally, I wish this years English speech competition a great success.最后我预祝今年的
15、英语比赛取得圆满成功。2superior n上级；上司adj.更好的；占优势的；更胜一筹的；上级的教材原句 The superior brain of man is apparently necessary for the mastering of speech.显然，人类的高级大脑是掌握语言所必需的。(1)feel superior about sth.对某事感到优越be superior to 比优秀/好(2)superiority n. 优势；优越I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to
16、mail a small parcel.几天前我开车去寄一个小包裹，在这之前关于这件事我一直有优越感。Chances are that theyll consider your competitors to be superior to ours.可能性是他们将认为你们的选手比我们的更胜一筹。名师指津superior本身含有比较的意义，因此它不能再用比较级或最高级；be superior to中的to不能换成than。3compare vt.比较；把比作 vi.相比高考佳句Compared with adults, children are more eager to explore the
17、world around them.(2018天津高考)与成年人相比，孩子们更渴望探索周围的世界。(1)compare .with/to .把和相比较compare .to . 把比作compared to/with . 和相比(通常作状语)(2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比，不可及(3)comparison n. 比较；对照；相比in comparison with 与相比Many parents like comparing their own children with/to their friends children.许多父母喜欢拿自己的孩子和他们朋友的孩子
18、相比较。The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison (compare) with those in New York.伦敦最高的建物与纽约的一比就矮了。4alternative adj.替代的；可供选择的；另类的n.选择；可供选择的事物教材原句It also provides the students with an alternative to the pervasiveness of “television culture” with its immediacy and often its shallowness.此外，在
19、当今空泛的快餐式“电视文化”大行其道之际，文学还为学生们提供了另一选择。(1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事an alternative (to .) (的)替代品have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly al
20、ternative to plastic.这种材料的发明者说它有许多可能的用途并且某一天可能成为更环保的塑料替代品。In order to succeed, we have no alternative but to_face (face) failure bravely and learn from it.为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。If you dont like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing (bring) your own.要是你不喜欢学校的午餐， 你可以自己带饭。联想发散“别无选择只
21、好做某事”的表达还有：have no choice but to do sth., cant help/choose but do sth.等。.基础点全练(单句语法填空)1The bus knocked into a truck loaded with stones, resulting (result) in 17 deaths.2Compared (compare) to the West, people in the East place much importance on family.3Meanwhile they were preparing to seize control
22、by violence (violent)4Its high time that we adopted different approaches to solving (solve) the social problem.5This kind of mobile phone has come into the market.Really？It is said to be superior to any other model.I cant wait to buy one.6She wanted to waste no time to acquire a good command of Engl
23、ish.重难点多练1succeed多棱镜(1)介词填空Who will succeed to his wealth according to his will?Who succeeded him as President?They finally succeeded in finding a solution to the problem.(2)根据提示用succeed的适当形式完成片段在他成功地继承了父亲的公司并成为公司总裁之后，他带领公司在其领域内获得了更大的成功。反过来，公司的成功也成就了他成功人士的地位。After succeeding to his fathers company a
24、s president of it successfully,_he succeeded in making the company more successful in its field, which helped to make him a success in turn.2alternative点点练(1)单句语法填空I had no alternative but to_report (report) him to the police.The agency will make travel arrangements for you.Alternatively (alternativ
25、e), you can organize your own transport.You have the alternative of riding or walking.(2)一句多译因为没有钱，所以我除了待在家里别无选择。I had no money, so I had_no_alternative_but_to_stay at home.(alternative)I had no money, so I had_no_choice_but_to_stay at home.(choice)I had no money, so I couldnt_choose/help_but_stay a
26、t home.(choose/help).阅读词汇专练根据语境选出print的词性和词义(A)v.印刷(B)v.打印(C)v.铭刻(D)v.冲洗(照片) (E)n.印刷字体1The print is too small for me to read without glasses._E_2This modern machine can print 100 pages in a minute._A_3The events printed themselves on her memory._C_4How many copies do you want to be printed off？_B_5T
27、he pictures have to be developed and printed._D_第二板块短语句型归纳集释1be exposed to使遭受；接触，经历经典例句It is generally believed that being exposed to radiation is rather dangerous.普遍认为暴露在辐射环境里会很危险。(1)expose .to .使面临；使遭受；使体验expose oneself to 使自己暴露于expose sb.as sth. 揭露某人为(2)exposure n. 暴露；揭露Dont expose your skin to d
28、irect sunlight, or youll get sunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。You should expose yourself (you) more to English if you want to learn it well.如果你想学好英语，就应该多接触英语。There is a direct relation between exposure (expose) to the sun and skin cancer.皮肤暴露在太阳下与皮肤癌有直接关系。2become accustomed to习惯于经典例句He quickly becam
29、e accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.他很快适应了大学里浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.be used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事(表状态)get/become used/accustomed to (doing) sth. (开始)习惯于(做)某事(表动作)(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯于(做
30、)某事As we all know, English people are accustomed to driving (drive) on the left.众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左边开车。Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr King found it hard to live in the city.习惯于生活在农村，金先生发现很难在城市生活。The students quickly accustomed themselves (they) to the new timetable.学生们很快适应了新的时间表。联想
31、发散短语be/get/become accustomed to中，to为介词，后跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。类似的短语还有：devote_oneself to奉献；致力于get_down to 开始认真做see to 务必；一定give_way to 对让步look_up to 尊敬lead to 导致；通向object/be_opposed to 反对stick to 坚持3You can imagine how hard it must_have_been to carve characters on wood and bamboo strips .你可以想象在这些木条或竹条上刻字有多么的
32、困难(1)must have done “过去肯定做过某事”，表示对过去有把握的推测，只用于肯定句。It must_have_rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。(2)其他“情态动词have done”结构的用法：can/could have done表示对过去没有把握的推测，常用于疑问句或否定句。 could have done 也可表示过去某事可能发生却没有发生may/might have done表示对过去没有把握的推测，常用于肯定句或否定句should/ ought to have done表示对过去没有把
33、握的推测，但它侧重推理，意为“按道理已经”。此外，它还可表示过去本应该做而实际上没有做，意为“本该”，含有责备或惋惜之意neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上已经做了，强调“不必要”I neednt_have_bought so much wine only five people came.我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh，did you？You could_have_stayed with Barbara.在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。噢，是吗？你本来能够和巴巴拉住在一起的。She mi
34、ght_have_achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances.如果你给她更多机会，她可能会取得更大的进步。名师指津表示对已发生的事情进行推测，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。.基础点全练1单句语法填空They produced two reports, neither of which was/were (be) of great value.The elder, in particular, who had just come down from the univ
35、ersity, thought he was a bit of an expert.There is no doubt that the measures taken by the government will help the economy improve.They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed (expose)I dont take much exercise now, but I did play football a lot when I was young.He said mildly to m
36、e that he didnt mean to_upset (upset) me.2运用所学短语完成片段So_far (到目前为止) I have learned four languages apart_from (除了) English. In_the_development_of (在发展中) the society, English is widely used in the world. The_number_of (的数量) people who are learning English is increasing rapidly.There is no doubt that En
37、glish is_necessary_for (对是必需的) everyone in the future.In_this_respect (就这方面而言), we should learn English well.重难点多练1accustom全扫描(1)同义句改写He was accustomed to the custom and didnt want to change it.Accustomed_to_the_custom,_he_didnt_want_to_change_it. (过去分词短语作状语)Accustoming_himself_to_the_custom,_he_did
38、nt_want_to_change_it. (现在分词短语作状语)(2)单句改错Growing up in the country, he is used to get up early.getgetting2“情态动词have done”结构多角度补全句子He could_have_passed_the_exam (本来能够通过考试), but he was too careless.Jenny, I have washed the clothes for you.Thanks.You neednt_have_done (本没有必要那样做) it.I could manage it myse
39、lf.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You ought_to_have_come (原本该来), but why didnt you?Mummy, I climbed to get the teddy bear from the top of the shelf.My goodness! You might_have_hurt (可能会伤到) yourself.Tom, you are too lazy.The work should_have_been_finished (本应该完成) yesterday.Jack described
40、his father, who must_have_been (一定是) a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man.单元语基落实.单句语法填空1Adopting different approaches (approach) to dealing with the problem, I have been successful.2Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books, net and magazines.3The number of p
41、eople who travel by plane in China is (be) larger than ever before.4More children in Beijing will reach school age next year, creating (create) a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.5It cannot be questioned that the new method is superior to the old one.6“Long time no see! ” is sort o
42、f informal, but it is part of the language that Americans use daily.7I should have_helped (help) Peter with his work, but I had a lot of things to do myself.8Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western phi
43、losophy.单句改错1Compared the youth to the rising sun at 8 or 9 oclock, he expressed his great hope for the young men.ComparedComparing2Our government do need to take some measures to reduce the housing price.dodoes3This new machine is technically far superior than the previous type.thanto4Tom got the h
44、ighest mark in this exam.Theres no doubt if he was so happy.ifthat5Because of too much homework, gone are the days that we can play day and night.thatwhen6Peter was seen crying when he was coming out of the office.He must have scolded by the manager.have后加been7I was accustomed to be the only child a
45、t a table full of adults.bebeing8You have no alternative but stay here overnight.but后加to.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Last month Tom and I settled in America.Compared_to/with (与相比) Tom, I have_the_confidence_to (有信心) adapt to the new surroundings.Up to now, I have coped_with (处理) different kinds of prob
46、lems and got/become_accustomed_to (习惯于) the new life in America.However (When/After/However), Tom failed_to_adjust_to (没能适应) the new life.The biggest problem for him is that he cant talk with the local people freely.English plays an important part in our everyday life.Ill try my best to help him.I think the more he is_exposed_to (接触) the Englishspeaking environment, the better he will learn the language.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)Up to nowSo_far(2)different kinds ofa_range_of2用强调句型(强调谓语)改写句English_does_play_an_important_part_in_our_everyday_life.
