1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练重细节，练速度(限时：35分钟).阅读理解A(2018浙江卷)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it p
2、rofessionally. The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just
3、plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones. Today Di
4、ckens greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is ext
5、remely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them. Its partly true that Dickens style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave
6、 of social, political and scientific progress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it
7、is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.语篇解读：本文通过叙述查尔斯狄更斯对文学作品的贡献，呼吁读者在狄更斯200周年诞辰来临之际，纪念狄更斯。1Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?AThey were difficult to understand.BThey were popular among the rich.CThey were se
8、en as nearly worthless.DThey were written mostly by women.解析细节理解题。题目要求找出最能描述18世纪小说特点的选项，由文章第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad(小说在很大程度上被认为是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者简直有害至极)”可知，当时小说在人们心中毫无价值，因此选C。A选项中的difficult to understand以及B选项中的among the rich在文章中并没有出现，故排除A、B两项。
9、D选项中的mostly by women错误，文章中“often with something like By a lady”只是举例说明有些作品没有作者名字，而非小说主要由女士所著，因此排除D。答案C2Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress _.Ahis reputation in FranceBhis interest in modern artChis success in publicationDhis importance in literature解析推理判断题。第二段中“Today Dickens
10、greatness is unchallenged.”表明，如今，狄更斯的地位是无可匹敌的；和卢浮宫的蒙娜丽莎相比是因为蒙娜丽莎很重要，这样更突出狄更斯的重要性。再结合第三段查尔斯狄更斯被世人推崇的原因是他在文学方面的成就，故不难推测选D。文章没有说狄更斯在法国的名声，因此排除A项；B选项中的his interest in modern art在文中未被提及，因此排除B项；C选项中的in publication错误，因为本段主要讲述狄更斯在文学上的成就，所以排除C项。答案D3What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo remember
11、 a great writer.BTo introduce an English novel.CTo encourage studies on culture.DTo promote values of the Victorian age.解析写作意图题。由文章最后一段最后一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年诞辰之际，呼吁大家理解狄更斯是如何使自己拥有持续影响力的，因此A项“纪念一个伟大的作家”正确。文章主要讲述狄更斯的文学影响力，而非介绍他的一篇英文小说，因此排除B项；C选项“鼓励有关文化方面的研究”与文章主题不符，因此排除C项；D选项范围太广，与文章对狄更斯的介绍不符，因此排除D项。答案AB(
12、2018山东郯城二中教学质量监测)There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potternot only is she the author and illustrator of one of the worlds most famous childrens books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.“Potter grew up as the daughter of
13、 a wealthy Victorian family, but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals，” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UWMadison School of Library and Information Studies.“As an adult, she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and
14、 scientist. That field was not open to her because she was female，” Lundin said. Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books. She wrote 23 books in alla body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of m
15、erchandise.“The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous childrens book in the world, which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time. Its been translated into 36 languages. The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation，” said Lundin.Potter also made a
16、 mark on the world through her land conservation. “In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk. She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist. S
17、he preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4,000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century，” said Lundin.“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modernher embracing of the natural world，” commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of
18、the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potters birth.语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了Beatrix Potter的故事，Beatrix Potter不仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对于世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。4What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully?AHer life and work experiences
19、.BHer specialty in animated(动画) pictures.CHer success in becoming a botanical scientist.DHer interest in animals in childhood alone.解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk”(她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险)可知，Beatrix Potter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。答案A5W
20、hat does the word “frustrated” in the third paragraph mean?ADisappointed.BDevoted.CMotivated.DInspired.解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“That field was not open to her because she was female”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以Beatrix Potter是比较沮丧的。故选A。答案A6What is Beatrix Potter?AA botanist and artist.BAn extremely important farmer
21、 and successful scientist.CA writer, conservationist and farmer.DAn artistic director.解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the worlds most famous childrens books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist，”以及倒数第二段中“b
22、ecame an extremely important farmer and conservationist”可知，Beatrix Potter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。故选C。答案C7Why does the author write the article?AIn celebration of Potters 150th birthday.BIn honour of Potters new contributions.CIn praise of Potters spirit of selflessness.DIn support of Potters book promot
23、ions.解析写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern”及“an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potters birth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。答案ACStephen Hawking Warns HumansMust Leave Earth
24、SoonProfessor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying cl
25、imate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”Hawking proposed that the leading countries sh
26、ould send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years time and send people to Mars by 2025”According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completel
27、y change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program wou
28、ld excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics(天体物理学) and cosmology(宇宙学)”Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for
29、 me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation(滥伐森林), and decimation(大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant a
30、nd unthinking(考虑不周的) lot.”The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe(航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold(
31、开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。8According to Hawking, what is the
32、first step for humans to spread out into space?ATo send people to Mars.BTo build a lunar base.CTo send astronauts to the Moon.DTo change the future of humanity.解析细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。答案C9The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “_”Aspeeded u
33、pBstoredCused upDexplored解析词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。答案C10What is Hawkings attitude towards the Earths future?APessimistic.BConfused.CPositive.DIndifferent.解析观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。答案A11Th
34、e reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that _.Athe Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious dangerBhumans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planetCa new and ambitious space program would excite young peopleDastronauts have found a better world in space than th
35、e Earth解析细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。答案AD(2018辽宁沈阳高三教学质量监测一)Hillary failed to be president of America, but she never fails to serve America all her life.Hillary Diane Rodham was born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 1947，daughter of Hugh and Dorothy Rodham. She and
36、 her two younger brothers grew up in Park Ridge, Illinois. An excellent student, she was also a Girl Scout and a member of the local Methodist youth group. Hillary also enjoyed sports and was always interested in politics.She entered Wellesley College in 1965. Graduating with high honors, she moved
37、on to Yale Law School, where she served on the Board of Editors of the Yale Review of Law and Social Action. While at Yale, she developed her special concern for protecting the best interests of children and their families. It was there that she met Bill Clinton, a fellow student.Hillary left Washin
38、gton and followed her heart to Arkansas, marrying Bill Clinton in 1975. The couple taught together on the law school of the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. Their daughter, Chelsea, was born in 1980.As First Lady of Arkansas, Hillary continued to work tirelessly on behalf of children and fami
39、lies. In addition to chairing the Arkansas Education Standards Committee, she founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families. She introduced a pioneering program called the Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters into Arkansas, which trained parents to work with their children in
40、 preschool preparedness and literacy. Hillary also served on the board of the Arkansas Childrens Hospital. In recognition of her professional and personal accomplishments, Hillary was named Arkansas Woman of the Year in 1983 and Arkansas Mother of the Year in 1984.Womens International Center proudly
41、 presented the Living Legacy Award to Hillary Rodham Clinton for her vast contributions in so many fields, especially honoring her work for women and children.语篇解读：本文介绍了希拉里的相关情况，包括她的家庭、所受的教育、事业以及为妇女和儿童做出的贡献等。12Where was it that Hillary began to show her concern for childrens interests?AIn Chicago, I
42、llinois.BAt Wellesley College.CIn Washington and Arkansas.DAt Yale Law School.解析细节理解题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“While at Yale, she developed her special concern for protecting the best interests of children and their families.”可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特别关心儿童及其家庭的权益，故D项正确。答案D13Which of the following was set up by Hillary?AT
43、he Arkansas Education Standards Committee.BThe Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families.CThe Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters.DThe Arkansas Childrens Hospital.解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“she founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”，故B项正确。答案B14Wha
44、t can we learn from the passage?ABill Clinton and Hillary both graduated from Wellesley College.BBill Clinton and Hillary founded the University of Arkansas.CHillary did a great deal for children and women in Arkansas.DHillary was interested in sports but not in academic subjects.解析推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在耶鲁
45、法学院时，希拉里就特别关心儿童及其家庭的权益；倒数第二段介绍了希拉里在阿肯色州为妇女和儿童成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”、引进了“学龄前儿童家庭教育”项目；据此可以判断，希拉里在阿肯色州为维护妇女和儿童的权益做出了很大的贡献，故C项正确。答案C15What might be the best title for this passage?AHillarys Concern for ChildrenBA Story Told by HillaryCA Brief Introduction to HillaryDHillarys Contributions解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本
46、文第一段第一句为文章主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要对希拉里的相关情况作了简要介绍，故C项为最佳标题。答案C.七选五阅读填空(2018全国卷联考提升卷)Lets be honest here: random acts of kindness make us feel good. They make others feel good. They help benefit society in small ways, and those small benefits can turn into huge benefits. Being an everyday hero means willing
47、ly and joyfully choosing random acts of kindness to make the world a bit brighter. _1_ Start with these ideas.Leave a space cleaner than you found it. If you eat out, keep your table clean after youre finished, making it a little easier for your server. At home, keep your things organized. _2_Be kin
48、d to strangers. Its wellknown that everyone is fighting separate but equally different battles. Although you might not be able to understand or relate to everyones struggles, you can offer unconditional kindness and patience. _3_ Maybe the fastfood worker has two other jobs and children at home. Alt
49、hough you dont know their situations, kindness is always appreciated._4_ This can get sticky, and you need to be sensitive to peoples wishes. The easiest way to determine whether someone needs help is to ask, and respect their answer. When close friends and loved ones are struggling, your support is
50、 to say, “I love you.”_5_ Your local thrift store, Goodwill, or resale shop can provide you more information on this. By donating the things that you dont need, want, or use, you allow another person to benefit from them rather than sending them to a landfill.ATry to stand up for someone.BHelp someo
51、ne whos struggling.CChoose to donate your used things.DDont leave messes for others to clean up.EMaybe the old man deals with chronic pain.FWhen youve decided to be a hero, be it right now.GIf you can, take five minutes and be an everyday hero.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。也许我们无法成为一名大英雄，但我们的每一个善举都传递着爱意，会让我们的世界变得更美好
52、。本文就如何成为一个平凡的英雄给出了几点建议。1解析根据上文“Being an everyday hero means willingly and joyfully choosing random acts of kindness to make the world a bit brighter.”及下文“Start with these ideas.”可知，要成为一名平凡的英雄很简单，如果可以的话，花费五分钟，你就能成为一名平凡的英雄。G项承上启下，符合语境。故选G。答案G2解析根据本段第一句“Leave a space cleaner than you found it.”和上一句“At
53、home, keep your things organized.”可知，D项“不要弄得乱糟糟的留给别人收拾”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。答案D3解析根据本段第一句“Be kind to strangers.”可知，要善待陌生人。空格下一句举例说明陌生人可能会遇到的情景，E项也是举例说明，符合语境。故选E。答案E4解析空格处为本段的主题句。根据该段的内容可知，要通过询问的方式去了解一些人是否需要帮助。B项“帮助那些需要帮助的人”符合语境。故选B。答案B5解析根据下文中的“By donating the things that you dont need, want, or use”可知，把自己不想要、不需要或用不上的东西捐赠给别人，与C项中的“donate your used things”相呼应。故选C。答案C
