1、.阅读理解Barbara McClintock was one of the most import scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes (基因) and chromosomes (染色体)Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active
2、 child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wan
3、ted to study genetics.Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a masters degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all
4、 her requirements for a doctorate degree.McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were
5、 unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClinto
6、ck started in a temporary (临时的) job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent (永久的) position with the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an e
7、ffect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.这是一篇人物传记类阅读。文章主要讲述了著名女科学家Ba
8、rbara McClintock的经历以及她在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。1When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree?AIn 1921.BIn 1923. CIn 1925.DIn 1927.答案：D解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第四段She completed a masters degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.可知Barbara McClintock在1925年获得了硕士学位。两年之后，
9、她获得了博士学位。故可推知Barbara McClintock在1927年取得了博士学位，故选D。2During the great economic Depression in the US, _.Ayoung scientists had trouble finding a jobBfemale geneticists were not wanted at allCmale geneticists were in great demandDmale scientists were out of job答案：A解析：推理判断题。答案定位在第五段 The 1930s were not a go
10、od time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.由此可知，在二十世纪三十年代，经济萧条，很多美国人失业，年轻科学家很难找到工作，男科学家能找到工作，但是女性遗传学家的需求
11、量不大。由此可推知，年轻的科学家在经济大萧条时期找工作可能是困难的，故选A。3McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize because of _.Aher research in botanyBher contribution to genetic engineeringCher discoveries about genes and chromosomesDher unshared work in the laboratory答案：C解析：细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology
12、or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.可知McClintock因发现基因在染色体上改变位置的能力，而于1983年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，故选C。4The text is likely to appear in _.Aa biography Ba history paperCa newspaper Da philosophy textbook答案：A解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲述了著名女科学家Barbara McClintock的经历以及她
13、在基因和染色体研究方面取得的重大成就。由此可知文章可能来自一本人物传记，故选A。.七选五When things go wrong, many people turn to their friends for comfort and support. Are you the kind of person your friends trust to be there for them when theyre feeling down? _1_. You might feel awkward or nervous about comforting a sad friend at first, but
14、 with a little practice, you wont have to worry about saying the wrong thing or making the situation worse. When one of your friends is upset, help him/her by being there for him/her, finding the right things to say, and avoiding common mistakes.1_2_. Comfort your friend according to how upset he/sh
15、e seems to be. If he/she seems to be very troubled, it may take more effort on your part to help him/her. If something is bothering him/her, but he/she isnt too upset, be there for him/her without overreacting.2Find out whats wrong. Before you say anything try to figure out what the problem is. _3_.
16、 If you try to talk to your friend without knowing the situation first, you could end up with putting your foot in your mouth.3. Give your friend a hug. A kind touch will do wonders for your friend, even if you dont know what he/she is upset about. _4_. You can also pat him/her gently on the shoulde
17、r.4Let your friend vent (发泄). If your friend needs to get his/her sadness or anger out, let him/her do. Pay attention and dont interrupt. Encourage him/her to express himself/herself fully.5Just listen. Your friend needs someone to listen compassionately to him/her right now, so focus on doing that.
18、 Be patient and nonjudgmental. _5_. Dont act bored or try to change the subject.AYou may find yourself wrongBUnderstand how upset your friend isCYou can put your arm around your friendDEncourage him/her to keep talking as long as he/she needs toEThis will help you know what to say and what not to sa
19、yFUse your imagination and get close to the truth of what has taken placeGIf you arent sure, dont worrycomforting people is a skill that you can learn这是一篇说明文。介绍了五点来安慰寻求支持的朋友的方法。1G解析：根据下文You might feel awkward or nervous about comforting a sad friend at first, but with a little practice, you wont hav
20、e to worry about saying the wrong thing or making the situation worse. 一开始，你可能会因为安慰一个悲伤的朋友而感到尴尬或紧张，但只要稍加练习，你就不用担心说错话或让情况变得更糟。可知安慰别人是一种你可以学习的技能。故选G。2B解析：根据下文Comfort your friend according to how upset he/she seems to be.可知你需要了解你的朋友有多难过，再根据你的朋友看起来有多难过来安慰他/她。故选B。3E解析：根据上文Before you say anything try to f
21、igure out what the problem is.可知在你说话之前，试着找出问题所在。后文再解释这一做法的原因是：这将帮助你知道什么该说，什么不该说。故选E。4C解析：根据下文You can also pat him/her gently on the shoulder. 你也可以轻轻地拍他/她的肩膀。可推测此处表示肢体接触，如你可以搂着你的朋友。故选C。5D解析：根据下文Dont act bored or try to change the subject. 不要表现得很无聊或者试图转移话题。可知上文应为鼓励朋友一直说下去只要他需要，不要打断他。故选D。.语法填空A Brief I
22、ntroduction to GandhiMohandas Gandhi (18691948), an Indian national hero, was honored _1_ the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians.He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got _2_ (marry) at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, _3_
23、 he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.In South Africa he _4_ (surprise) to find that the problem of racial discrimination (种族歧视) was serious. There he formed an organization and started a magazine to fight _5_ e
24、qual rights.Gandhi returned to India in 1915, _6_ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and _7_ (depend)for his country. In the political movement, many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. _8_， the struggles never stopped. The Britis
25、h government had to give _9_ and India won its independence in 1947. _10_ (fortunate)Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.本文为人物传记。甘地(18691948)，印度民族英雄，被尊为印度民族之父。他一直受到印度人的尊敬和爱戴。1as解析：考查介词。句意：甘地(18691948)，印度民族英雄，被尊称为印度民族之父。固定搭配：be honored as“被尊为”。故填as。2marri
26、ed解析：考查动词。marry是及物动词，意为“和结婚，娶某人，嫁给某人”，固定搭配：get/be married“结婚”。故填married。3where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是England，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导。故填where。4was_surprised解析：考查形容词。was后跟形容词surprised“(感到)惊讶的”作表语。此处意为“在南非，他惊奇地发现种族歧视问题是严重的”。故填was surprised。5for解析：考查介词。句意：他成立了一个组织，开办了一个杂志，为平等的权利而斗争。固定搭配：figh
27、t for sth. “为而战”。故填for。6when解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词1915表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。7independence解析：考查名词。and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，an end和independence作fight for的并列宾语。故填independence。8However解析：考查副词。however表示转折，尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是，然而”，可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。故填However。9in解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：give in“屈服，让步”。故填in。10Unfortunately解析：考查副词。句意：不幸的是，甘地遭到一个反对他的观点的印度人的射杀，于1948年1月30日去世。此处修饰整个句子，要用副词形式。故填Unfortunately。
