1、2012届高考英语一轮复习顶尖学案：必修4 Unit 12Culture Shock文化冲击（北师大版）核心词汇1We _(应该把归功于)to Newton the principle of gravitation2The old man was utterly a_ in the book.3Well have an _(机会)to exchange views tomorrow.4During the storm the ship _(离开正道)from its course.5The fierce _(外观，样子)of the salesman frightened the custom
2、er off.6The old lady is very _(谨慎的)with money.7The wind was _(飒飒地响)in the trees.8At the moment she had no _(欲望；爱好)for gossip.9You didnt bother me.On the c_，I like your company.10In a_ to French，he has to study Japanese.11It is interesting to _(使对比，使对照)the two proposals.12We burned with _(好奇心)over wh
3、at was in the box.13The dog wagged its tail in e_ of a bone but is e_ to go out.1.owe2.absorbed3.opportunity4.wandered5.aspect6.cautious7.whispering8.appetite9.contrary10.addition11.contrast12.curiosity13.expectation；expected高频短语1_给搭车，搭便车2_ 给(某人)送行3_ 属于4_ 坚决要求做某事5_ 盯着6_ 依附于7_ 严肃地看待某事8_ 状况不好9_ 对敏感10_
4、 习惯于11_ 至少12_ 与相反13_ 结束14_ 许多，大量1give.a lift2.see.off3.belong to4.insist on doing sth.5.stare at6.be attached to7.take.seriously8.in poor condition9.be sensitive to10.get used to11.at least12.contrary to13.put/bring an end to14.loads of重点句式1But _ some British people are quite strange，_ them are real
5、ly friendly and Ive made some good friends.尽管有些英国人很奇怪，但大多数人是很友好的，而且我也交了一些好朋友。2If you are planning to come to Poland as a tourist，you will have plenty of interesting places _.如果你计划来波兰参观，将有很多有趣的地方供你选择。重点句式3I had a similar experience _ I visited China.上次我访问中国时，也有一次类似的经历。来源:学科网4.I had a difficult time _
6、 certain aspects of the American way of doing things.有段时间我感到很难理解美国人在某些方面的处事方式。5._ that youve never travelled outside Asia，I thought Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.知道您从来没到过亚洲以外的地方，所以我应该告诉你一些这里您想要知道的情况。1.even though；the majority of2.to choose from3.the last time4.understanding5.kn
7、owing知识详解1 .owevt.欠(债、情)等(回归课本P36)I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often我当然应该因不能经常写信而向你道歉。归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P1640)You owe it to your supporters not to give up now.为了你的支持者，你现在不能放弃。I owe it to you that I finished my work on time.亏得你帮忙，我才按时完成了工作。Owing to the rain，they could not come.由于下雨，他们
8、不能来了。1翻译句子(1)I owe you my thanks._来源:学科网ZXXK答案：我应当感谢你。(2)We owe everything to you._答案：我们把一切归功于你。2 .exchangevt. 交换；兑换；交流n.交换；兑换(回归课本P36)Talking of moneyits really easy to exchange travellers cheques at banks or hotels.来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K谈到钱在银行或旅馆和旅行者兑换支票是很容易的事。归纳拓展高效记忆例句探源You can exchange your currency f
9、or dollars in the hotel.你可以在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。(牛津P691)Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？2The technical cooperation and cultural _ between the two countries are daily on the increase.AexpensesBexchangesCexception Dextension解析：选B。考查名词的辨析。句意：两国之间的技术合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。cultural
10、 exchange文化交流。expense花费；exception除外，例外；extension延伸，均不合语境。3 .expectationn U，C 期待的事物，预期； pl. 期望(回归课本P36)I dont know what your expectations are of London，.我不知道你对伦敦有什么期望来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K归纳拓展in expectation of.期待；指望beyond expectation料想不到，出乎预料have little/no expectation of doing sth.没希望做某事have every/an expect
11、ation of doing sth.有希望做某事Obamas winning the Nobel Peace Prize was beyond many peoples wildest expectation奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖完全出乎许多人的预料。He has little expectation of passing the exam.他对考试及格不抱希望。She ate a light lunch in expectation of a good dinner.她午饭吃得很少，期待晚饭时饱餐一顿。例句探源3完成句子We are confident _ _ _ _(期待)a full
12、recovery.答案：in our expectation of4翻译句子The event didnt live up to expectations._答案：这项比赛有负众望。4 .majorityn大多数，大半；多数党/派来源:学科网ZXXK(回归课本P36).，the majority of them are really friendly and Ive made some good friends.，大多数人是真正友好的并且我已经交了一些好朋友。归纳拓展in a/the majority拥有多数的；占多数的the majority of.大多数【温馨提示】(1)the major
13、ity of.作主语时，其后的谓语动词的数取决于of 之后的名词；the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。(2)majority常由great修饰，表示most of；与介词连用作状语时用不定冠词“a/an”。例如：He won by a majority of 500.他以500票的优势获胜。例句探源The majority were/was in favour of banning smoking.大多数人支持禁烟。Thats the majoritys view，I think.我想那是多数人的意见。In the nursing profession，women
14、 are in a/the majority.女性在护理行业中占大多数。(2010年高考浙江卷)The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies.伦敦的大部分出租的房屋都是可能通过房屋代理处做的广告。5Among the members of the committee those who favor the proposed changes are in the _，so the scheme was passed.AmajorityBmin
15、orityCmaximum Dminimum解析：选A。考查名词的辨析。in the majority占多数。句意为：委员中赞成修改意见的占大多数，这样方案就通过了。majority多数；minority少数；maximum最大，极大；minimum最小，极小；C、D两项常用于指数学上的最大值和最小值。6The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to _.Abelieve；health Bbelieves；healthCbelieve；the health Dbelieves；healths解析：选A。考查majority的用法。the majo
16、rity of.作主语时，其后面的谓语动词的数取决于of后面的名词，所以排除B、D两项。又因“对健康有害”通常为be harmful to health，故排除C项。5 .requestn& v要求，请求(回归课本P39)to make a request to someone you dont know very well向你不甚了解的人做出请求归纳拓展ask，request，require，demand易混解析n/pronn/pronto dothat从句to doaskrequestrequiredemandThey are demanding that all troops shoul
17、d be withdrawnThe wearing of seat belts is required by law.The young man asked his parents for too much money.【温馨提示】request作“要求”讲时，后面可以跟宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即其谓语部分用“should动词原形”，其中should可省略。与此用法相同的还有：一坚持(insist)二命令(order，command)三建议(advise，suggest，propose)四要求(demand，require，request，desire)7This is his only r
18、equest that the room _ after being used.Abe cleaned Bwould be cleanedCis cleaned Dwill be cleaned解析：选A。本题考查request的用法。that从句是request的同位语从句，从句应用虚拟语气，should be cleaned中的should可省略。6 .conductvt.进行，实施；举止，表现n.行为，举止(回归课本P41)My friend went home，leaving me to conduct the band.我的朋友回家了，留下我指挥乐队。归纳拓展例句探源My aunt
19、conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。8Speaking of what sort of smartness is most desirable in human _，a friend of mine told me a story.AconductBexperienceCcustom Dhabit解析：选A。考查名词辨析。句意：谈到哪一种聪明(的事情)在人类行为中是最值得做的时，我的一个朋友给我讲了一个故事。conduct“行为，举止”，
20、符合句意，experience“经验”；custom“风俗，习俗”；habit“习惯”。7 .attachvt.附上；系上；贴上；使依恋(回归课本P42)At first，we didnt feel we belong here，but now we are attached to the land we live on开始我们并没有感觉到我们属于这里，但现在我们与这块我们生活在上面的土地密不可分。归纳拓展attach.to.把固定到，把附在attach oneself to参加；和在一起attach to sb./sth.与有联系，与有关联attach importance to重视；认为重
21、要be attached to依恋；爱慕，附属于【温馨提示】在attach.to.，attach oneself to和be attached to中to为介词。(朗文P96)Attach a recent photograph to your application form.申请表上请贴一张近照。This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.这个医院附属于附近的那所医学院。He attached himself to the expedition他参加了那个探险队。例句探源9We should _ primary impor
22、tance to job training.AconcentrateBdevoteCattach Demphasize解析：选C。本题考查attach的用法。attach importance to.“对给予重视”，符合句意。concentrate on“集中精力于”；devote to“致力于”；emphasize on“着重于”。8 .contraryadj.& adv.相反的(地) n.反面，相反(回归课本P42)Contrary to popular belief，Australia is not a dull place at all for people wanting cultu
23、re.与一般的想法相反，澳大利亚对于想感受文化的人来说不是令人感到乏味的地方。归纳拓展contrary to sth.与相对立的contrary to popular belief与普遍的看法相反on the contrary恰恰相反to the contrary相反的(地）He passed the examination，contrary to what I expected.他考试及格了，和我预料的情况相反。Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south.他不听任何劝告，放弃了工作，去了南方。Hes not
24、 a cruel manOn the contrary，he is exceedingly kind.他不是个残暴的人。恰恰相反，他是非常仁慈的。例句探源10完成句子(1)Show me some evidence _ _ _(相反的)答案：to the contrary(2)It wasnt a good thing；_ _ _(正相反)it was a mistake.答案：on the contrary9 .forgivevt.(forgave，forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(回归课本P42)I wonder if theyll ever forgive the way theyve
25、 been treated.我想知道他们是否会忘记他们是怎么被对待的。归纳拓展Please forgive meI didnt mean to be rude.请原谅我，我不是有意无礼的。Forgive me for saying so，but I think thats nonsense.请原谅我这么说，但我认为那是胡说八道。例句探源11_ me for what I said to you yesterday.AForgiveBApologizeCSorry DRemind解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意：请原谅我昨天对你所说的话。forgive sb.for doing sth.“原谅某人
26、做过某事”，符合句意。10 .get used to习惯于(回归课本P36)Youre going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here，Aunt Mei!梅姨，你得适应这里咸肉鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭。归纳拓展来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K例句探源(朗文P1950)I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it.起初我觉得这份工作很累人，但很快就习惯了。In the end I got u
27、sed to working in such a condition最后，我终于习惯在这样的条件下工作了。易混辨析be used to，used to，get used to(1)be used to有两个含义：表示“被用来做某事”后接动词原形；表示“习惯于，适应”，后接名词、代词或动名词，表示一种状态。(2)used to意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，常用来表示今昔对比，暗含现在不那样做了。(3)get used to意为“习惯于”，表示一个动作，说明由不适应向适应的转变，其后接名词、代词或动名词。Computers are_used_to_do many things for peopl
28、e now.She used_to study hard.(暗指现在学习不努力了)Dont worryyoull soon get_used_to his sense of humour.12用所给词的适当形式填空(1)Knives can be used to_(cut)things.答案：cut(2)He is not what he used to_(be)答案：be(3)Old people are used to _(get)up early to take some exercise in the park.答案：getting11 .see.off给送行(回归课本P40)He i
29、nsisted on walking me to the station to see me off.来源:学科网他坚持护送我到车站给我送行。归纳拓展例句探源If you have to leave tomorrow，I will see you off at the airport.如果你明天必须离开这儿的话，我会去机场为你送行。Her courage and good humour saw her through.她靠着勇气和乐观的性格挺了过来。来源:学科网ZXXKWell have to get that door seen to.我们得找人把那扇门修一下。13John is leavi
30、ng for London tomorrow and I will _ him _ at the airport.Asend；awayBleave；offCsee；off Dshow；around解析：选C。根据题意，“约翰明天要去伦敦，我去机场给他送行”，see.off为(某人)送行，符合题意。12 .put up住宿；举起；张贴；建造；搭起(回归课本P37).find a local person who will offer to put you up at a very reasonable price.找一个乐意向你以非常合理的价格提供住宿的当地人。归纳拓展put sb.up向某人提
31、供食宿put up a tent搭帐篷put up a notice张贴布告put up your hand举手put up with容忍，忍受put off推迟，延期put down写下，记下；放下put away把收拾起来；把钱、物等储存起来put on穿上；打开；增加(体重等)；假装；采纳例句探源She put up with his violent temper.她忍受着他暴躁的脾气。(牛津P1615)We put up at a motel.晚间住在一家汽车旅馆。Please put up your hand if you have any questions.如果你有问题，请举手。
32、Wed better put up a notice here.我们最好在这儿贴一张通知。14(2009年高考陕西卷)A notice was _ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.Asent upBgiven upCset up Dput up解析：选D。句意：为了提醒学生讲座时间改了，贴出了一张通知。put up张贴；send up发射；give up放弃；set up建立，创立。13 .bring an end to.结束；使结束(回归课本P46)The arrival of white people
33、gradually brought an end to the traditional Aboriginal way of life.白人的到来逐渐结束了传统的土著居民的生活方式。归纳拓展come to an end结束go to the ends of the earth走遍天涯海角；历尽千辛万苦call for an end to呼吁停止on end连续地例句探源Im determined to put an end to all these rumours.我决心要制止所有这些谣言。The dispute between the two villages came to an end a
34、t last.两个村子的争端最后终于结束了。(牛津P658)He would disappear for weeks on end.他常常是连续几星期不见人影。15Lasting more than three days_end，the forest fire caused a great loss to surrounding environment.AonBatCto Din解析： 选A。on end表示“连续地”，符合题意。句型梳理1【教材原句】I dont know what your expectations are of London，but knowing_that_youve_
35、never_travelled_outside_of_Asia，I thought Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.(P36)我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我应该告诉您一些这里您想要知道的情况。【句法分析】knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia为现在分词短语在句中作原因状语。现在分词作状语，该动作与句子的主语之间为主动关系；若是被动关系，则需用过去分词作状语。现在分词的完成时作状语时，用having done，其否定
36、形式为not having done。Not knowing where I lived，he had to asked the way.不知道我住在哪里，他只得问路。There being nobody else to help me，I had to do it by myself.没有人帮忙，我只得自己干。16完成句子(1)_ _ _(not eat)anything since the night before，I felt very hungry now.答案：Not having eaten(2)_ _ _(late)again，he felt ashamed.答案：Having
37、been late2【教材原句】When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had_a_difficult_time_understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.(P40)刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解美国人在某些方面处事方式。【句法分析】have a difficult time(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。表示做某事有困难有以下几种表达方法：(1)have some difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.there is s
38、ome difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难(2)have some difficulty/trouble with sth.there is some difficulty/trouble with sth.在某事上有困难(3)have great/no/little difficulty(in)doing sth.来源:Zxxk.Com做某事有很大/没有/几乎没有困难(4)take trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦/不嫌麻烦地做某事I had no difficulty(in)finding my father in the crowd.
39、我毫不费力地在人群中找到了我父亲。Weve been having trouble with our teenage son我们那个十多岁的儿子一直在给我们惹麻烦。17Can you imagine the difficulty I had _ the game?Aon winningBwonCwinning Dhaving won解析：选C。句意：你能想像得出我赢得这场比赛的困难吗？have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。“I had _ the game”为定语从句。作文指导句式变换1非谓语和从句的变换非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。使
40、用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内容纳更多的信息，使句子结构紧凑、逻辑严谨。【原文】【优化】It must be realized that people should be cautious when_they_decide which books they should choose to read since if_they_read_bad_books，it will be timewasting and harmful.It must be realized that people should be cautious deciding which books they should c
41、hoose to read since reading_bad_books is timewasting and harmful.【分析】把“when they decide”改为“deciding”，if 条件从句改为动名词短语作主语，句子结构变得更加紧凑，简洁明了。【佳句选粹1】【佳句选粹2】【原文】【优化】Because_I_was_ill ，I didnt go to the party.The_party was organized by my classmates yesterday.Being_ill，I didnt go to the party which was organ
42、ized by my classmates yesterday.【分析】把原句中的原因状语从句用分词的形式变换，又用了个定语从句把两个句子连起来，使得句子更紧凑，更严谨。2.强调句的变换写作中，常使用强调句来达到突出重点的目的。强调句的基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他成分。另外，英语中还经常使用助动词do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。【佳句选粹1】【原文】【优化】I met a friend of mine in the street yesterday.It was in the street that I met a friend of mine y
43、esterday.【分析】改成强调句后，强调说明是“in the street”而不是别的地方，句意的表达更加有力。【佳句选粹2】【原文】【优化】We should be careful when we cross the street.Do be careful when we cross the street.【分析】改成强调句后，语气增强了，句意的表达更加有力，可翻译为“过马路时务必要小心”。3.倒装句的变换句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有时可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以达到突出强调的目的或起到某种修饰作用。英语中倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。部分倒装在写作中比较常用，经常由否定词提前
44、或“only状语”提前引起。【佳句选粹】【原文】【优化】Everyone knows that we are busy all day.We know seldom what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country.Everyone knows that we are busy all day.Seldom_do we know what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country.【分析】“seldom”位于句首，引起部分倒装，突出了现在时态，句意表达更有力。
