1、2012届高考英语一轮复习顶尖学案：选修7 Unit 21Human Biology人类生物学（北师大版）核心词汇1In times of prosperity money _(流通；发行)quickly.2Ill _(交换)you three of mine for one of yours.3He wrote a very_(有争议的)book but I think hes since regretted it.4Those newspapers _(迎合)to the lowest tastes.5They _(延迟，延缓)sending an answer to the reques
2、t.核心词汇6It is _(不合理的)to go out in such terrible weather.7I cannot _(忍受)your bad manners.8Dr.Thomas was c_for violating medical ethics.9I shall give up my claim，in _(屈从)to your wishes.10Drinking is p_and the p_against drunken driving will save many lives.1circulates2.swap3.controversial4.cater5.postpo
3、ned6.absurd7.tolerate8.condemned9.submission10.prohibited；prohibition高频短语1_ 徒然；白费力气2_ 随便地；随意地3_ 不管多大代价；无论如何4_ 立刻；马上5_ 彻底消灭6_ 终止；消灭7_ 无论如何；至少8_ 推迟9_ 开始做10_ 教育；养育；呕吐；引述11_ 经历；通过12_ 通过(考试等)；完成13_ 聚焦；集中；对准14_ 长期地；永远地15_ 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会1in vain2.at random3.at all costs4.straight away 5wipe out6.stop sth.in it
4、s tracks7.at any rate 8put off 9.get down to 10.bring up11.go through 12get through13.focus on14.for good(and all) 15miss out重点句式1Many contemporary amateur athletes_world records_they_the first Olympic Games.许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。2Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine
5、he had been taking for an injury but these were all_.弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。3_is compulsory for winners_but other participants are only tested_.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。4The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part _winninghas been violated by the desir
6、e to succeed _.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。5Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu_the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为：该病似乎专门侵袭年轻力壮的人而非老年人，被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。6In Western Medicin
7、e，treatment is _only_the part of the body that is ill.在西方医药学里，治疗的重点放在身体的病灶部分。7_thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。8Traditional Chinese Medicine is finally getting the chance it _to help create a
8、 healthier world.传统中医终于获得了应有的机会来帮助创造一个更加健康的世界。1would have broken；if ；had taken part in2.in vain 3.It；to be tested；at random4.rather than；at all costs5.is believed to have been6.focused；on7.It seems a real pity that8.deserves知识详解1 .abusevt.滥用n滥用；恶习(回归课本P34)Taking these drugs is known as“doping”and al
9、though they enhance performance，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”，尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的严重的健康麻烦。归纳拓展来源:学科网例句探源Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power.通过立法防止官员滥用权力。They were so rud
10、e that they often abused each other in public.他们很粗鲁，经常在大庭广众之下彼此辱骂。What she did was an abuse of her position as manager.她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。1It has been revealed that some government leaders_their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.AemployBtakeCabuse Doverlook解析：选C。句意：一些政府领导被揭露滥用职
11、权，非法为个人谋利。abuse 滥用，妄用(权力等)；(不当地)使用；employ 雇用，使用；take 拿，取；overlook 俯瞰，眺望；忽略。2 .seekvt. 寻求；追求；探求；探索(回归课本P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题，而且是每个运动项目都存在
12、的问题，体育运动员想在这些运动中取得超常的成绩而准备欺骗。归纳拓展例句探源(2010年高考重庆卷).we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.对于仅存在于我们想象中或者在电脑屏幕上的东西，我们力图去理解并与之交流。We should constantly seek advice from the masses.我们应当经常征求群众的意见。 We should never seek for fame and positi
13、on.我们决不应该追求名誉和地位。2Early editions of Shakespeares plays are much_after by collectors.ArunBsought Ccharged Dseized解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意：搜集家们大量搜寻莎士比亚戏剧的早期版本。seek after寻找，搜寻，追求，探索。3 .toleratevt. 容忍；忍受(回归课本P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式，所以体育界
14、是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。来源:学。科。网归纳拓展例句探源(朗文P1628)I wont tolerate your bad manners any longer.我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了。The plants are tolerant of frost.这些植物耐霜。3用所给词的适当形式填空(1)There was no_(tolerate)for anyone who broke ranks.答案：tolerance(2)I cant tolerate_ _(treat)as a child.答案：being treated4 .opposevt.反对(回归课本P34)Gene
15、therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因治疗是很有争议的，许多人反对对它做进一步研究。归纳拓展200 attended，as opposed to 300 the previous year.出席的有200人，而前一年是300人。Your evidence opposes the fact.你的证据与事实相背。Im strongly opposed to your suggestion.我坚决反对你的建议。例句探源4Looking from this hill，you may
16、 think the _hill is higher.AcontraryBoppositeCobjective Dopposing解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。根据句意，应该是对面的山，所以答案为B。contrary相反的；objective客观的；opposing对立的；对方的。5 .contradictvt.与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳(回归课本P34)However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.然而，
17、如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出来，这将有悖于整个运动精神。归纳拓展(朗文P472)Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim to have.你的行为和宣称的原则相违背。What he did contradicted what he said.他言行不一(相矛盾)。The two statements contradict each other.两种说法相互抵触。例句探源5完成句子The drivers words were completely_ _ _(与事实不符)答案：in contra
18、diction to the fact6 .postponevt.推迟；延期(回归课本P37)Example 1 postpone例1“阻止”归纳拓展Well have to postpone the meeting until next week. 我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周举行。They decided to postpone building the new school.他们决定延迟兴建新学校。例句探源易混辨析postpone，delay，put off三个词或词组后都不可以跟不定式。(1)postpone是正式用语，语义较强，指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间，在多数情况下，后面说明何
19、时进行。(2)delay 指暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行，后跟耽搁的原因。(3)put off与postpone 大致同义，但较口语化。(牛津P1545)The game has already been postponed three times.(牛津P527)Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.He keeps putting_off going to visit his uncle.6翻译句子(1)由于下雨我们推迟了比赛。_答案：We postponed the match because of rain.(2)咱们
20、在获取更多信息之后再做出决定也不迟。_答案：Lets postpone making a decision until we have more information.(3)由于双方队员的冲突，比赛被迫推迟半个小时。_答案：The match was postponed for half an hour because of the conflict of players of the two sides.7It was an unpopular decision to postpone_the new school.AbuildingBto buildChaving built Dto h
21、ave built解析：选A。考查postponev.ing。postpone后跟动词用ing形式，build将要发生而非已发生，故用动名词的一般式。7 .prohibitvt. 禁止；阻止(回归课本P38).，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.，科学家们一直在做治疗实验以防止将来的再次爆发。归纳拓展【温馨提示】prohibit表示政府权威机构发布的禁令所禁止的东西，而ban除了具有上述意义之外，还具有谴责的意义。例句探源(2010年高考陕西卷)If lawmaker
22、s do not do something soon to prohibit spam，the problem will certainly get much worse.如果法律的制定者不尽快采取措施去禁止垃圾邮件，问题当然会更糟。We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.工作时间内我们不得喝酒。The price prohibited us from buying it.这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。8I fear that a prior engagement will _me from joining you
23、 at dinner.AdisagreeBprohibitCallow Dpermit解析：选B。句意：我有约在先，恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。根据fear一词可以知道不能共进晚餐。A项搭配不对。8 .declinev下降；婉拒 n. 下降；减少(回归课本P40)Even though doctors dont fully understand comas and the process of recovery，it is generally agreed that a patients chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a co
24、ma.虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程，但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长，会降低他们恢复的可能性。归纳拓展decline to do sth. 婉拒做某事in decline 下降decline in/of sth.在某方面减少/下降fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落；陷入衰退例句探源(朗文P439)I offered to give them a lift but they declined.我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public trans
25、port.汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。Allen angrily declined to discuss the matter.艾伦气愤地拒绝谈论此事。9完成句子(1)很抱歉，明天晚上我没空，所以必须谢绝你的邀请。Im sorry，but Im not free tomorrow evening so I have to _.答案：decline your invitation(2)全球经济自2008年以来一直在走下坡路。Global economy_ since 2008.答案：has been in decline9 .submitvt.递交；提交；顺从；屈服；认输(回归课本P137)
26、You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。归纳拓展He was too proud to submit to such treatment.他的自尊心太强，不甘于受那种对待。I did not submit to having my freedom limited.我不甘于我的自由受到限制。例句探源10We advised the hijackers(劫持者)to _themselves to the police.Asubmit BburyCtreat Dhelp解析：选A。句意：我们劝那些劫持者向警察
27、投案。B项表示“专心于”；C项表示“招待”；D项表示“随便取用”。A项表示“屈服，投降”，只有A项符合句意要求。10 .temporaryadj.临时的，短暂的(回归课本P40).，Terris parents still believed that her coma was only temporary.，特瑞的父母仍然认为她的昏迷只是暂时的。归纳拓展(朗文P1589)Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.学生们常常在暑假打临工。(朗文P1589)We apologize for the tempora
28、ry inconvenience caused by these building works.对于建筑施工造成的短期不便，我们谨致歉意。来源:Zxxk.Com例句探源11翻译句子半数以上的职员是临时雇员。_答案：More than half of the staff are temporary.11 .in vain 徒然，白费力气(回归课本P34)Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德兰蒂斯
29、做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。归纳拓展vain adj. 自负的；自视过高的；空洞的， 无用的；无谓的a vain attempt 无用的尝试vain promises 空头的许诺vainly adv. 徒劳地We tried in vain to make him change his mind.我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。We tried vainly to persuade her not to go.我们劝她别去，她不听。He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外
30、表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是几个小时。例句探源12We tried_to persuade him to stay home, but at last, he went to the construction site in spite of his bad illness.AvainBin vainCin fact Din vainly解析：选B。句意：我们极力劝说他待在家里，但大都是徒劳的，尽管他生着重病，最后还是去了工地。in vain(vainly)徒劳地，白费力气地。12 .at random 随便地，随意地(回归课本P34)It is compulsory for winners
31、to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。归纳拓展(牛津P1637)My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.我的手机好像随时自动关机。He was not listening and made a random answer to the teachers question.他没有在听讲，对教师的问题瞎答一通。Fortune numbers are chosen at random on the compute
32、r.幸运号码是在电脑上随意选出来的。例句探源13完成句子He_ _ _ _(随意地打开一本书)and started reading.答案：opened a book randomly14It is not a good habit to state your opinion_ and youd better think it over before you act.Aat allBfull of faithCat once Dat random解析：选D。从“youd better think it over before you act”看出要“三思而后行”。空白处应该填入at rando
33、m，前半句“随便发表你的观点不是一种好习惯”，与后半句相吻合。13 .at all costs不惜任何代价；无论如何(回归课本P34)The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。归纳拓展He bought a satisfactory house at the cost of a
34、ll his money.他用所有的积蓄买了一个合他心意的房子。We have to finish this job by tomorrow at all costs.我们必须不惜一切代价在明天前完成这一任务。Careless driving costs him his life.漫不经心的开车使他丧失生命。例句探源15完成句子(1)He is determined to win_(无论如何)答案：at any cost(2)The young policeman saved the little girl from the fire, but _(以自己的生命为代价)答案：at the co
35、st of his own life14 .at any rate 无论如何，至少(回归课本P137)If trends continue the way theyre going，then in my opinion，yesin developed countries at any rate.在我看来，如果照目前的趋势发展下去，会是这样的至少在发达国家是这样。归纳拓展We may miss the next bus, but at any rate well be there before midday.我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车，但无论如何，中午以前我们总可以到那里。At this ra
36、te, we will soon be bankrupt.照这样下去，我们很快就会破产。例句探源16_，he would make special mention of it in the report，for he has given us many hints about it in advance.AAt any rateBAt any momentCAt any time DAt any price解析：选A。句意：无论如何，他会在报告中特别提到这件事的，因为他已经事先暗示我们多次了。和后面的信息一致，应该为“无论如何”。B项“随时”；C项“在任何时候”；D项“不惜任何代价”。15 .
37、wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁(回归课本P38)Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.流行病能毁灭城市地区的一半人口。归纳拓展A summer fire can wipe out all the grass.夏季的一场火可把草都烧光。He wiped away the grease from the windshield of the car.他擦去了汽车挡风玻璃上的油渍。She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face.她站起来擦擦脸上的汗珠。(牛津P26
38、44)The heat had wiped us out.炎热使我们精疲力尽。例句探源17完成句子(1)趁着还没有人滑倒，你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干净。Youd better _ _ _ _ on the floor before someone slips in it.答案：wipe up the milk(2)医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法。Doctors are searching for a cure that will _ _ _.答案：wipe out cancer句型梳理1【教材原句】Many contemporary amateur athletes would_have_br
39、oken world records if they had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.(P34)许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。【句法分析】本句含有if引导的表示虚拟的状语从句。其具体的主句和从句的动词形式如下：虚拟情况条件句来源:学科网主句现在动词过去式/werewould/should/might/ could动词原形过去had donewould/could/should/ mighthave done将来should do/were to do/动词的过去式would/should/might/
40、could动词原形If he hadnt warned me，I would have been in danger.要是他没有警告我的话，我当时就会有危险了。If I were you，I would invite him to the party.如果我是你的话，我会邀请他参加聚会。What would happen if the earth should stop turning tomorrow？万一地球明天停止运转，会出现什么情况呢？You wouldnt find it so hard to write the composition now if you had observed
41、 life carefully.你要是以前认真观察生活的话，你现在就不会觉得作文难写了。18They _two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.Ahad gotBgot Chave got Dget 解析：选B。前半句表示的是客观事实，后半句表示的是省略if条件句的对过去情况的虚拟假设。句意：他们得到两张去加拿大的免费票，否则他们是负担不起去那儿的费用的。2【教材原句】.we have to have faith that_there_will_be.我们必须有信心将会有(P
42、39)【句法分析】本句中that引导同位语从句。that常用来引导同位语从句，与具有概括性的抽象名词连用，如news，fact，idea，suggestion，warning，hope，promise，thought，doubt，belief，truth，request，proposal，demand等。The fact that he won first prize cant be denied.他赢得一等奖的事实不容否认。In spite of the fact that he is over sixty，he is still full of spirit.尽管他已经60多岁了，但仍然精
43、力充沛。Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon?你听到玛丽不久就要回来的消息了吗？I dont agree on the idea that you will go abroad.我不同意你要出国的想法。【温馨提示】that引导同位语从句时，只起到引导词的作用，在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略。归纳拓展除that外，wh词(包括how)也可以引导同位语从句。You have no idea how anxious we were then.你不知道我们当时多么焦急。I have no idea when he will be ba
44、ck.我不知道他什么时候回来。The question whether he should give it up has been worrying him for days.他该不该放弃这个问题几天来一直困扰着他。19There is no doubt，in my opinion，_matters is not the speed，but the quality of the product.Awhat whatBthat thatCthat if Dthat what解析：选D。that引导一个同位语从句，在这个同位语从句中又有一个主语从句：what matters。句意：依我看，毫无疑问
45、，重要的不是速度，而是产品的质量。作文指导图表类作文来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K【体裁导航】图表类书面表达常以曲线图形式，流程图形式，柱星图形式，饼式图形式，数据表格形式及平面图解形式出现。这类题型具有文字少，信息少，要点分散等特征。我们在写作时只有在看懂图示的基础上才能动笔写。如果不能全部领会图表信息，写作中就会出现遗漏信息，分析不准确等一系列问题。图表作文的体裁以说明类和议论类为主，记叙类较少见。【写作示例】来源:Zxxk.Com假如你叫李华，从某网站看到下面调查统计表，感触很深，从而决定写信给某英语报社，反映这一现象，并简要分析原因，呼吁教育部门和家长改变目前局面。要求：1.语言要连贯
46、、准确，可适当发挥；2词数：120150。Dear Editor，_Yours sincerely，Li Hua【写作要领】一、审题1体裁：图表作文。要求考生对表格、图表进行分析，系统准确地表达出其含义，并得出令人信服的结论。2时态和人称：因反映的是现实情况，故应用现在时态和第三人称，发表个人观点时可使用第一人称。3本题以图表和文字提示的方式给出了写作要点。因而要根据文字去理解图表，弄清楚图表所反映的信息、问题和现象并准确表述。二、谋篇1首先：分析数据学生每天花在体育活动上的时间：美国：72分钟；韩国：42分钟；中国：12分钟2然后：分析原因(1)在学校里大部分时间都花在学习上。(2)回家后父
47、母也让学生学习。3最后：提出措施来源:学科网来源:Z#xx#k.Com教育部门和父母都要意识到体育活动的重要性，给孩子们更多的时间去参与体育活动。【范文点评】Dear_Editor，It can be seen easily from the above chart that American students spend 72 minutes on physical activities per day，and those in South Korea 42 minutes.However，Chinese students have only 12 minutes for physical
48、activities per day.The reasons lie in the following.Almost all the time is spent on lessons in Chinese schools and students are made by parents to concentrate on their study even when they get back home.Thus there is little time left for their physical activities.In my opinion，both the education dep
49、artments and parents are responsible to give the students more time for physical activities.Anyhow，knowledge can be learned not only from books but also through activities.Yours_sincerely，来源:Zxxk.ComLi_Hua点评：本段是对图表的分析：注意一些固定句式的运用，如It can be seen easily from the above chart that.。数据分析要准确。本段是对上述问题的分析，
50、内容要言之有理。本段是从个人角度提出解决问题的建议。表述中“in my opinion，responsible，anyhow，not only.but also”等词汇、句式的使用比较到位，为文章提升了档次。【类题尝试】假如你是高中三年级的学生李华，你在学校组织了一项“有烦恼向谁说”的调查活动。请用英语给校报编辑写一封信，反映相关情况。内容包括：调查结果(如图所示)、持相应想法的理由及你对调查结果的看法。注意：1.信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数；2词数为100左右。注意：1.信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数；2词数为100左右。Dear Editor，I am a Senior
51、Three student.Recently we have carried out a survey“To whom do you go when in trouble？”The results are as follows._Yours sincerely， Li HuaOne possible version：Dear_Editor，I_am_a_Senior_Three_student.Recently_we_have_carried_out_a_survey“To_whom_do_you_go_when_in_trouble？”The_results_are_as_follows.6
52、1% of the students surveyed select friends or schoolmates as their ideal listeners when they have trouble，the reason of which is that they are in the same age group and have a better understanding of each other.Another 22% choose teachers and parents to talk to.They suggest that teachers and parents
53、 are rich in life and educational experience.Nevertheless，there are also 17% who dont share their troubles at all.They say that their troubles are none of others business，or they find it hard to get along with others.It is not easy to reach definite conclusions based on such a survey example.However，some general comments can be made.It seems clear from the response that some students lack communication with others and teachers and parents need to play a more important role in their lives.Yours_sincerely，来源:学科网 Li_Hua
