1、备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题03 垃圾分类Passage 1（2021全国高考真题） Youve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it do
2、es. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic st
3、raws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but theyve recently
4、 come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries
5、 to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were the
6、n tied together to look like theyd been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.1What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?ABeautifying the city he lives in.BIntroducing eco-friendly products.CDrawing pu
7、blic attention to plastic waste.DReducing garbage on the beach.2Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?ATo show the difficulty of their recycling.BTo explain why they are useful.CTo voice his views on modern art.DTo find a substitute for them.3What effect would “Truckload of Plast
8、ic” have on viewers?ACalming.BDisturbing.CRefreshing.DChallenging.4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AArtists Opinions on Plastic SafetyBMedia Interest in Contemporary ArtCResponsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesDOcean Plastics Transformed into SculpturesPassage 2（2021黑龙江大庆中学
9、高三月考） If the three Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) is a guideline to save the planet, garbage-sorting is where the efforts start. Since May 1, Beijing has started to carry out mandatory garbage-sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. Under the new regulation, residents are required
10、to classify household waste into four categories: kitchen, recyclable, hazardous and other waste. People who fail to sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xinhua.Some residential communities in Beijing have introduced rewards to encourage residents to sort their garb
11、age. According to Xinhua, residents can earn points by classifying their domestic waste correctly and then exchange the points they accumulate for daily necessities such as soap.Garbage sorting practices have reached over 70 percent of housing estates in 18 cities, including Shanghai, Xiamen and Han
12、gzhou, according to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Shanghai first enacted a mandatory garbage-sorting regulation in July 2019 and has had a 90 percent compliance (服从) rate among its housing estates.According to a report by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percen
13、t of the public believe that garbage-sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage-sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are completely sorting their waste, the report noted. According to Xinhua, its partly becaus
14、e many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. Also, some previous garbage regulations didnt include fines for people who failed to obey them.“Its a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting,” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily, “Aside fr
15、om China, many countries like Germany, Spain and Britain, also ask people to sort waste into specific categories. In Japan, there is a fixed time for the sorting of each kind of garbage and littering.”5What can we learn about the new regulation in Beijing?AIt hasnt been put into use yet.BResidents c
16、an sort the garbage as they like.CPeople can get money if they classify their domestic waste correctly.DThose who cant sort the garbage as the new rule requires shall be fined.6Whats the problem in garbage sorting in China?AMost people are unaware of its importance in protecting environment.BSome pe
17、ople dont want to take the trouble to sort the garbage.COnly residents in big cities can sort the trash correctly.DThe government doesnt have enough money to support garbage sorting.7What can we infer from Liu Jianguos words?AIts difficult to carry out garbage sorting in China.BSome laws in garbage-
18、sorting are needed.CPeople in developed countries can better sort the garbage.DWe should learn from Japan.8Whats the best title of the passage?AGarbage sorting, a new start in ChinaBNew regulations in BeijingCArgument on garbage sortingDHow to sort domestic garbagePassage 3（2021北京工业大学附属中学高三期中） Garba
19、ge cans are not magical openings. Garbage does not disappear when you throw it in a can. Yet, the average American throws away about 1,600 pounds of waste each year. If there are no magical garbage fairies, where does it all go? There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling, compo
20、sting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. Lets take a quick look at each.Recycling is the process of turning waste into new materials. For example, used paper can be turned into paperboard, which can be used to make book covers. Recycling can reduce pollution, save mater
21、ials, and lower energy use. Yet, some argue that recycling wastes energy. They believe that collecting, processing, and converting waste uses more energy than it saves. Still, most people agree that recycling is better for the planet than landfilling.Landfilling is the oldest method of managing wast
22、e. In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury garbage in a hole. Over time the practice of landfilling has advanced. Garbage is squeezed (挤压) together before it is thrown into the hole. In this way more garbage can fit in each landfill. Large liners are placed in the bottom of landfills s
23、o that poisonous garbage liquid doesnt get into the ground water. Sadly, these liners dont always work. Landfills may pollute the local water supply. Not to mention that all of that garbage smells horrible. Nobody wants to live next to a landfill. This makes it hard to find new locations for landfil
24、ls.Because of all the negative attention that landfilling has received, interest in composting has grown. Composting is when people pile up organic matter, such as food waste, and allow it to decompose. The product of this decomposition is compost. Compost can be added to the soil to make the soil r
25、icher and better for growing crops.One thing that is easier to do is burning garbage. There are two main ways to incinerate waste. The first is to create or harvest a fuel from the waste, such as methane gas (沼气), and burn the fuel. The second is to burn the waste directly. The heat from the inciner
26、ation process can boil water, which can power steam generators. Unfortunately, burning garbage pollutes the air. Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable resources that could be recycled.Usually, the community in which you live manages waste. Once you put your garbage in that can,
27、 what happens to it is beyond your control. But you can make choices while it is still in your hands. You can choose to recycle, you can choose to compost, or you can choose to let someone else deal with it. The choice is yours.9Why does the author mention magical garbage fairies in the first paragr
28、aph?ATo creatively support his argument with evidence.BTo point out that garbage doesnt disappear by itself.CTo make the language more attractive to please readers.DTo draw attention to different kinds of garbage thrown away.10What can we learn from the passage?ASome think recycling is a waste of ti
29、me.BIncineration may destroy recyclable resources.CFinding new locations is the focus of landfilling.DThe purpose of a compost pile is to make soil rich.11According to the passage, landfilling_.Ainvolves burying garbage in a holeBreduces the horrible smellsCsqueezes garbage togetherDprotects ground
30、water12Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?AMagic: Bringing Back What Was Once LostBDeal with the garbage: Which is Best for You?CMethods of Waste Management: Advantages and DisadvantagesDDo Your Part: How to Save the Earth by Recycling and CompostingPassage 4（2020北京石景山高三
31、期末）Sort trash, save EarthYou might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know. On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.
32、Why is garbage sorting a big problem? Its because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our soil, air and water. Actually we can make use of some garbage again.And first, we need to sort our garbage. For example, if you put an old battery into the “harmful waste” bin, people can use it
33、 to make new batteries. But if you dont, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment.Cant factories sort garbage for us? Yes, they can. But it takes many workers to do this and costs lots of money. If we all sort our own garbage, things will become much easier.Garba
34、ge sorting and recycling around the world Germany: There are big machines in supermarkets. You can put bottles in the machines and get money back. You can get one to two yuan per bottle. People like this because they can get money and protect the environment at the same time. Japan: A trash truck co
35、mes to peoples doors to pick up their garbage. It plays music when its coming. There are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door. Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations. An hour-long bus ride co
36、sts three large bottles, five medium bottles or 10 plastic cups. But the bottles must be clean. Shanghai: Four kinds of garbage in ShanghaiRecyclable garbage includes paper, books, boxes, newspapers, and glass bottles.Harmful garbage includes lamps, batteries, nail polish (指甲油 ), and other things wi
37、th harmful chemicals.Wet garbage usually comes from the kitchen, such as food, vegetables, flowers, leaves and eggshells.Dry garbage is anything you cannot put into the other three bins. It includes pens, toilet paper, tape, hair, and towels. 13What can we learn from Paragraph 1?AMany other cities i
38、n China have garbage-sorting policies.BMany people dont like Shanghais garbage-sorting policy.CShanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy.DChina is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy.14With the battery example, the writer tries to tell us .Ahow
39、to sort our garbageBthe importance of sorting our garbageCwhat harmful waste isDthe difficulty of sorting our garbage15Why cant we ask factories to sort garbage?ABecause we dont have this kind of factory.BBecause factories ask for too much money.CBecause it takes too many workers to do it.DBecause n
40、ot all garbage can go to factories.16In which country can people take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations?AGermany.BIndonesia.CJapan.DChina.Passage 5（2021江苏宿迁高三一模） If you live in China, mandatory (强制的) garbage sorting is coming to a city near you. In the UK, people have been
41、sorting out rubbish for a while. For most people, its just second nature to sort waste at home before throwing it into separate bins.But like most Brits and other Westerners, I had no idea that most of our recycling used to go to China until the country banned foreign trash imports last year. With i
42、ts booming middle class of urban consumers, China has its own increasing waste problems that it urgently needs to deal with. During Chinas new drive to sort out its trash problem, I was keen to see what Hangzhou was doing to get residents ready.It was seven a.m. when I first got to work, in a local
43、community where residents were heading out to work, school or for a morning walk. I was joined by Liu Lianqun, a “garbage guide” next to the local trash sorting station. When many locals approached us, enthusiastically holding their green bags given for free, it was up to us to give them a kind but
44、firm telling-off. “Kitchen waste is food items only! No tissues! No paper! No plastic!” Some people took our advice while others were clearly angry at being told what to do. Its understandable. Our rubbish can be very personal and something that we keep to ourselves. Any attempt by a stranger to spy
45、 into our bin bags is going to be unwelcome. But Liu was very optimistic that progress was being made.In another community, I found a different approach to garbage sortingrewarding residents with points in return for their recyclable waste. By scanning a QR code through a smart phone app, locals can
46、 collect points for their cardboard, plastic bottles and old clothing, and exchange them for goods or cash in local shops.If common people could see truck after truck pouring glass, paper and plastic into landfill with their own eyes, they would likely give garbage separation a lot more attention. F
47、or Chinas garbage separation campaign, education will be essential in the long term.17What can be inferred from paragraph 2?AForeign trash imports have done great harm to China.BImports of foreign garbage have not been banned up to now.CResidents in Hangzhou are ready for garbage sorting.DMost of th
48、e foreign garbage in China comes from Britain.18What does the underlined word “telling-off ” in paragraph 3 refer to?ACarrying out severe punishment.BShowing a warm welcome.CPointing out their mistakes seriously.DGiving them guidance.19Why is it understandable for residents to get angry at being tol
49、d how to sort garbage?ABecause the green bags are given to them free of charge.BBecause residents there tend to be defensive towards strangers.CBecause only food items can be kept in kitchen waste garbage bags.DBecause the contents in green bags may let out personal information.20What can be the bes
50、t title for the passage?AWealth hidden in wasteBLess garbage, clearer environmentCMore points, more rewardsDGood start for garbage sortingPassage 6（2020内蒙古包头高三期末） Recently, the most heated topic of “which is the right bin for my garbage” has swept China.Shanghai is among China s first cities to intr
51、oduce garbage classification (垃圾分类) and also the countrys most serious in its performing. Since July 1,2019, Shanghai residents have been required by law to sort garbage into four different categories, or they could face fines. Individuals, including tourists, can be fined 200 yuan for failing to so
52、rt their waste properly, while companies and institutions can be fined up to 50,000 yuan.The government has set up online apps to handle sorting questions, and announced guidelines to address the “one-size-fits-all” method. The country is about to invest over 21 billion yuan in the construction of g
53、arbage processing facilities to meet demands. Now its introducing artificial intelligence into its waste management system, by setting up little cameras in many sets of bins.However, not every face can be recognized by the smart dustbin until you register for the system. Once registration is complet
54、e, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then opens it up to allow for garbage disposal (处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out waste. Here, the intelligent bins dont just calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by collecting points through t
55、he special app.China is stepping into the age of compulsory garbage sorting with its cities revising laws on garbage classification. For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to carry out garbage sorting by the end of 2019, and 90 percent by 2020. Garbage sorting is, without doubt, a costl
56、y but worthwhile endeavor. It is good for the environment and important for the countrys sustainable development (可持续发展), and may finally turn out to be a promising industry as well.21What is the correct order in using smart garbage sorting system? Gain rewards. Open up the bin Register for the syst
57、em. Scan a QR code on the bin.ABCD22What does the underlined word “endeavor” in the last paragraph mean?AEffort.BFashion.CAnnouncement.DDecision.23What can we know from the text?AThe intelligent bins can only show garbage weight.BResidents have to sort garbage into four different categories in Shang
58、hai.CIf companies forget to sort their waste, they can be fined 200 yuan.DTourists can avoid being fined for failing to sort their waste correctly.24Why does our country push ahead with compulsory garbage sorting?ATo build a garbage sorting system.BTo increase the use of artificial intelligence.CTo
59、promote sustainable development of environment.DTo support the construction of garbage processing facilities.Passage 7（2021山东潍坊一中高三一模） Im sure you all know how important recycling is. Recycling is when you take old things and turn them into new things. It sounds like magic. But its actually very sci
60、entific.MaterialThe first thing you have to do is to collect items that can be recycled. Only certain materials can be recycled. These include things made out of paper, metal, glass and plastic.Daily thingsCan you think of everyday items made of these material? Soda cans are good example. They are m
61、ade out of metal. Magazines and newspaper are made out of paper. So are cereal boxes. Some bottles of juice are made out of glass. Bags and yogurt containers are made out of plastic. There are many things that can be recycled.LoopThese things are usually stamped with the recycling loop. It has 3 arr
62、ows that go in a triangular(三角形) circle. This shows that cycled(循环) continues. Items are thrown away but continue their lives as something else.ProcessLets go back to the process of recycling. The items are put in a recycling bin.A truck carries the items to a recycling plant(工厂).The materials are s
63、eparated and squashed(被压扁成) into square cubes.Companies buy and turn them into new products. 25What is recycling according to the passage?AIts a magic performance.BIts a way of burning old things.CIts a way to make old things useful.DIts a scientific research.26Which material is not mentioned in the
64、 passage?ARubber.BMetalCGlass.DPlastic.27The“3 arrows” shows that the items_.Ahave some valuable stampsBare in a triangle circleCare recycled and reusedDare thrown awayPassage 8（2020黑龙江齐齐哈尔高三二模） If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a “lesson” in sorting garbage, as the city recently intro
65、duced new garbage-sorting regulations. Its now required that people should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan. More cities are introducing similar regulations, foll
66、owing the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported Peoples Daily.According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Enviro
67、nment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.According to Xinhua
68、 News Agency, its partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didnt give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage. “Its a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting.” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsi
69、nghua University, told China Daily. He also added “the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone”Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan, waste sorting has
70、 become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yello
71、w bins for plastic and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.28What can we learn from paragraph 1?APeople will be fined not less than 200 yuan.BShanghai works as a pioneer in garbage sorting.CAll the cities use the same regulations as Shanghai.DPoisonous waste belongs to four categories in so
72、rting.29Which statement is true according to the passage?ANot all the public attach importance to garbage sorting.BGarbage-sorting system have been built in 46 major cities.CPeople in Shanghai arent fined clearly if they fail to sort garbage now.DPeople may be put in prison because of littering in G
73、ermany.30What can be inferred from Liu Jianguos words?ALegal guarantee is a must to promote garbage sorting.BThere is a growing concern over garbage sorting worldwide.CHe supports the legal regulations in garbage sorting.DThe sorting action should be changed from compulsory to voluntary.31Which of t
74、he following can be the best title for the text?AHard to Recycle AppropriatelyBSerious Waste Problems in Big CitiesCGarbage Sorting Practice in ShanghaiDImportant Regulations in Shanghai 试卷第11页，共12页学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司参考答案1C2A3B4D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕
75、塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。1推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
76、viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明冯王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。2推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recyc
77、led. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but theyve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part of Von Wongs artwork likely came from a d
78、rink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
79、3推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were the
80、n tied together to look like theyd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选B项。4标题判断题。
81、通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明冯王(Benjami
82、n Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckloads worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collect
83、ed more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like theyd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明冯王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示
84、人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。5D6B7B8A【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了自5月1日起，北京开始实施强制垃圾分类，以更好地保护环境。文章介绍了这一政策的相关规定，说明了如今中国垃圾分类的现状和存在的一些问题，以及其他人对于中国垃圾分类的一些看法。5细节理解题。根据第一段中People who fail to sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xinhua.可
85、知据新华社报道，没有对垃圾进行分类的人将被处以50元到200元的罚款。由此可知，那些不能按照北京新规则的要求进行垃圾分类的人将被罚款。故选D。6细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, garbage-sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are completely sorting their waste, the report noted. According to Xinhua, its partly because many peop
86、le lack the willingness to sort their own waste.可知然而，垃圾分类在中国仍然是一个大问题。报告指出，只有30%的受访者表示，他们认为自己已经完全对垃圾进行了分类。据新华社报道，部分原因是许多人不愿意对自己的垃圾进行分类。由此可知，中国垃圾分类的问题是有些人嫌垃圾分类麻烦。故选B。7推理判断题。根据最后一段“Its a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting,” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told
87、China Daily, “Aside from China, many countries like Germany, Spain and Britain, also ask people to sort waste into specific categories. In Japan, there is a fixed time for the sorting of each kind of garbage and littering.”可知清华大学教授刘建国在接受中国日报采访时表示：“推广垃圾分类必须有法律保障。除中国外，德国、西班牙和英国等许多国家也要求人们对垃圾进行分类。在日本，垃圾
88、分类的时间是固定的。”由此可推知，刘建国认为需要制定一些垃圾分类的法律。故选B。8主旨大意题。根据第一段中Since May 1, Beijing has started to carry out mandatory garbage-sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. Under the new regulation, residents are required to classify household waste into four categories: kitchen, recyclable, hazar
89、dous and other waste. People who fail to sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xinhua.可知自5月1日起，北京开始实施强制垃圾分类，以更好地保护环境。根据新规定，居民需要将生活垃圾分为四类：厨房垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾和其他垃圾。据新华社报道，没有对垃圾进行分类的人将被处以50元到200元的罚款。结合文章主要说明了自5月1日起，北京开始实施强制垃圾分类，以更好地保护环境。文章介绍了这一政策的相关规定，说明了如今中国垃圾分类的现状和存在的一些问题
90、，以及其他人对于中国垃圾分类的一些看法。由此可知，A选项“垃圾分类，中国的新起点”最符合文章标题。故选A。9B10B11A12C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。9推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If there are no magical garbage fairies, where does it all go? Garbage does not disappear when you throw it in a can. （如果没有魔法垃圾仙子，它们都去哪了?你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶它是不会消失的）”可推断，作者提出魔法垃圾仙子为了指出垃圾不会自己消失，从而引出
91、下文垃圾的四种处理方式。故选B项。10细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable resources that could be recycled.（此外，一些批评人士担心焚烧炉会破坏有价值的可回收资源。）”可知，焚烧垃圾会破坏有价值的可回收资源。故选B项。11细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury garbage in a hole.（最简单的填埋方式就是人们把垃圾埋在一个洞里。）”可知，填埋就
92、是把垃圾埋在一个洞里。故选A项。12主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling, composting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses.（有四种处理废物的方法：回收、填埋、堆肥和焚烧。每种方法都有其优缺点。让我们快速浏览一下每一个。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾处理的四种方法及其优缺点。C项“处理垃圾的方法：优点和缺点”课作为本文标题。故选C项。13C14B15C16B【分析】本
93、文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垃圾分类的原因，并介绍了世界部分国家和地区的垃圾分类和回收。通过垃圾分类，拯救我们的地球。13推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.( 7月1日，上海出台了一项新的垃圾分类政策。那里的人们需要把不同种类的垃圾放
94、进不同的垃圾箱。中国的其他城市很快也会这么做。)”可推断，上海是中国第一个制定垃圾分类政策的城市。故选C。14推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For example, if you put an old battery into the “harmful waste” bin, people can use it to make new batteries. But if you dont, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment. (例如，如果你把一个旧电池放入“有害废物”箱，人们
95、可以用它来制造新电池。但如果你不这样做，电池就会被扔到别的地方。然后，它会污染环境。)”可推测，作者举电池的例子，是为了告诉我们垃圾分类的重要性。故选B。15细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But it takes many workers to do this and costs lots of money. (但这需要很多工人来做，花费很多钱。)”可知，我们不能要求工厂对垃圾进行分类，是因为这需要太多的工人来做此工作。故选C。16细节理解题。根据文章“Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles t
96、o bus stations. (印度尼西亚：如果人们把塑料瓶送到公交车站，就可以免费乘坐公交车。)”可知，在印度尼西亚，如果给公交车站的塑料瓶，人们可以免费乘坐公共汽车。故选B。17A18C19D20D【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要以杭州为例，介绍了中国开始执行垃圾分类的新举措，并获得了大部分居民的支持，但未来还有很长的路要走。17推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“But like most Brits and other Westerners, I had no idea that most of our recycling used to go to China until the cou
97、ntry banned foreign trash imports last year.”（但像大多数英国人和其他西方人一样，在中国去年禁止进口外国垃圾之前，我根本不知道我们大部分的回收垃圾都流向了中国。）可知，之前英国和西方国家的回收垃圾都流向了中国，但在去年中国开始禁止进口外国垃圾，由此可推断出，之所以中国开始禁止进口外国垃圾，是因为外国垃圾的进口给中国造成了很大的危害。故选A项。18词句猜测题。根据划线单词后句“Kitchen waste is food items only! No tissues! No paper! No plastic!” Some people took our
98、 advice while others were clearly angry at being told what to do.”（“厨余垃圾只是食物！没有纸巾！没有纸！没有塑料！”有些人接受了我们的建议，而另一些人显然对被告知该怎么办感到愤怒。）可知，后文讲述的是我们向居民告知垃圾分类的要求，纠正他们的错误，“Pointing out their mistakes seriously.”意为“认真指出他们的错误”，符合句意，告诉他们“厨余垃圾只是食物！没有纸巾！没有纸！没有塑料！”正是在认真指出他们的错误。“give them a kind but firm telling-off”表示“
99、亲切但坚定地指出他们的错误。故选C项。19细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Some people took our advice while others were clearly angry at being told what to do. Its understandable. Our rubbish can be very personal and something that we keep to ourselves. Any attempt by a stranger to spy into our bin bags is going to be unwelcome.”（有些人接受了
100、我们的建议，而另一些人显然对被告知该怎么办感到愤怒。这是可以理解的。我们的垃圾可能是非常私人的和我们自己保留的东西。任何陌生人试图窥探我们的垃圾袋都是不受欢迎的。）可知，有些人感到愤怒是因为垃圾袋里的东西是我们私人的东西，陌生人窥探我们的垃圾袋可能会泄露我们的个人隐私。由此可知，居民因为被告知如何分类垃圾而感到愤怒是可以理解的，是因为绿色袋子里的东西可能泄露个人信息。故选D项。20主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第二段关键句“During Chinas new drive to sort out its trash problem, I was keen to see what Hangzhou w
101、as doing to get residents ready.”（在中国分类垃圾问题的新举措中，我很想看看杭州是如何让居民做好准备的。）可知，本文主要以杭州为例，介绍了中国开始执行分类垃圾的新举措，并获得了大部分居民的支持，但未来还有很长的路要走。“Good start for garbage sorting”意为“垃圾分类的良好开端”，能够概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。故选D项。21A22A23B24C【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近，最热门的话题“哪个垃圾桶最适合我的垃圾”席卷了中国。在上海，居民必须把垃圾分成四类。我国要推行强制垃圾分类是为了促进环境的可持续发展。21细节理解题。根据第四
102、段However, not every face can be recognized by the smart dustbin until you register for the system. Once registration is complete, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then opens it up to allow for garbage disposal (处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out waste. Here
103、, the intelligent bins dont just calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by collecting points through the special app.“然而，并不是每一张脸都能被智能垃圾桶识别，直到你注册了这个系统。注册完成后，用户将扫描垃圾桶上的二维码，然后打开垃圾桶进行垃圾处理。现在，每个家庭都有一个特殊的二维码来扔垃圾。在这里，智能垃圾桶不仅可以计算垃圾的重量，还可以通过这款特殊的应用，帮助居民通过积分获得奖励。”由此可知，使用智能垃圾分类系统的正确顺序是
104、A项 。故选A。22词义猜测题。根据最后一段中For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to carry out garbage sorting by the end of 2019, and 90 percent by 2020.在上海，预计到2019年底，60%的城市将进行垃圾分类，到2020年，这一比例将达到90%。和It is good for the environment and important for the countrys sustainable development (可持续发展), and may fin
105、ally turn out to be a promising industry as well.“它对环境有好处，对国家的可持续发展也很重要，最终可能会成为一个有前途的行业。”由此推知，Garbage sorting is, without doubt, a costly but worthwhile endeavor.（毫无疑问，垃圾分类是一项成本高昂但值得努力的工作。）中的划线词的意思是“努力”。故选A。23细节理解题。根据第二段中Since July 1,2019, Shanghai residents have been required by law to sort garbage
106、 into four different categories, or they could face fines.“自2019年7月1日起，上海居民被法律要求将垃圾分为四类，否则将面临罚款。”由此可知，在上海，居民必须把垃圾分成四类。故选B。24推理判断题。根据最后一段中It is good for the environment and important for the countrys sustainable development (可持续发展), and may finally turn out to be a promising industry as well.“它对环境有好处
107、，对国家的可持续发展也很重要，最终可能会成为一个有前途的行业。”由此判断出，我国要推行强制垃圾分类是为了促进环境的可持续发展。故选C。25C26A27C【分析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了回收、利用的几个方面。25细节理解题。根据文章第一段关键句“Recycling is when you take old things and turn them into new things. ”（回收就是把旧的东西变成新的东西。）可知，回收是一种使旧东西有用的方法。故选C项。26.细节理解题。根据表格Material中关键句“Only certain materials can be recycled. T
108、hese include things made out of paper, metal, glass and plastic.”（只有某些材料可以回收利用。 这些物品包括纸、金属、玻璃和塑料。）可知，橡胶Rubber没有被提及。故选A项。27细节理解题。根据表格Loop中关键句“These things are usually stamped with the recycling loop. It has 3 arrows that go in a triangular circle. This shows that cycled continues. Items are thrown aw
109、ay but continue their lives as something else.”（这些东西通常都印有回收环。它有三个箭头在一个三角形的圆圈里。这表明这种循环仍在继续。 物品被丢弃，但作为其他东西继续它们的生活。）可知，“三个箭头”表示一种回收环，表示被扔掉的物品可回收和再利用。故选C项。28B29A30C31C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了垃圾分类在上海的实施、意义和推广，也介绍了世界其他国家对于垃圾分类的重视。28细节理解题。根据第一段“More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the prac
110、tice in Shanghai.”可知，很多城市继上海之后，实施了类似的垃圾分类法规，可知上海是垃圾分类的先行者。故选B项。29细节理解题。根据第二段“According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of th
111、e environment. ”可知，有超过90%的人认为垃圾分类对环保是很重要的，可知并不是所有人都重视垃圾分类。故选A项。30推理判断题。根据第三段“Its a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting.”Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily. He also added the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past vol
112、untary action into compulsory action for everyone”可知，Liu Jianguo认为，通过法律保障去推进垃圾分类是必须的，上海新法规的重要性在于把之前自愿的行为变成一种强制性行为，可推断他支持在垃圾分类中设立法规。故选C项。31主旨大意题。第一段第一句“the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations”为本篇文章的中心句；而且结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是上海垃圾分类的实施及其影响和推广，说明的中心对象是垃圾分类。所以短文的最佳标题为“上海市垃圾分类实践 ”。故选C项。【点睛】第3小题是易错题，很多考生容易误选A项。需要考生注意题干中的infer，从而确定这是一道推理判断题，是不能直接从原文得出答案的，而A选项跟原文“Its a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting.”表述基本一致，属于直接答案，不是推理判断题的答题方向。答案第11页，共1页
