1、课时作业(二十一)选修Unit2Fitforlife.阅读理解A2021太原市高三年级模拟试题TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910, Dr.WuLientehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery, atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths, anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina, kil
2、ling99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridgeeducatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic (流行病)WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24, 1910, hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWusfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine (隔离) unitsandtoorderlockdownstos
3、topinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases, andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday, whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthec
4、ountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wusefforts, thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease, andbyMarch1, 1911, theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof19101911lastednearlyfourmonths, affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities, andaccountedforover60,000deaths.Itisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisivea
5、ctionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked, allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911, Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang, attendedbyscientistsfrom11cou
6、ntriesincludingtheUnitedStates, JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe19101911outbreak.Foratime, Dr.Wuwastheworldsmostfamousplaguefighter, atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919, andareturnofplaguein1921.1WhatwasDr.Wusmissionin1910?ATotakepersonalrisks.BToendanepidemic.CToprovide
7、medicaleducation.DToinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2WhichofDr.Wusactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?ASettingupspecialquarantineunits.BCarryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.CCheckinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.DConvincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?AThedisea
8、seworsenedafterMarch1, 1911.B60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wusefforts.CTheworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.DAglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe19101911outbreak.4WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?AHecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.BHewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.CHetraveledworldwide
9、hostingconferences.DHeclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B2021开封市高三第一次模拟AndrewGreydoesntfitmostpeoplesideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop, notinalaboruniversity, yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASAsKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientist
10、shelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies, onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience, butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization (民主化) toscience.“Thisisacollaborative (合作的) effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott, anOxfordUniversityast
11、rophysicist (天体物理学家) andcofounderofZooniverse, aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield, fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved, therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyoneca
12、nidentifypatternsinimages, graphs, orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans, particularlyamateurscientists, dontstayfocusedonwhattheyresupposedto.Andthatsgood, becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensc
13、iencedoesnthavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff, directoroftheProgramonScience, TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.ThatswhathappenedinFlint, Michigan, whenalocalmotherstarteddrink
14、ingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizenpoweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized, regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels, scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.
15、Asaprofessionalscientisthimself, Lintottsays, “Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent, butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?AThehighlevelofscienceprojects.BThedevelopmentoftechnology.CThesupportofthegovernment.DThefoundationofZooniverse.6Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecog
16、nitioncomparedwithmachines?AHumanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.BHumansfocustheirattentionondata.CHumanscanobserveuncommonthings.DHumanshavestrongeremotions.7WhatisLintottsattitudetowardscitizenscience?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.8Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?ACitizenScientistsC
17、anBeIntelligentBScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneCAnyoneCanBeaScientistDScienceIsEverywhere.完形填空2021石家庄市质量检测一“Folkonthesubwaydonttalk.Theydontwantyouinterruptingtheirday.”Iwasgiventhe_1_longago.Oneday, Iclimbedonthesubwayandtherewasonlyone_2_seat.Iscrunchedintothespacebesideawomanandimmediatelyshecomplai
18、nedina(n) _3_manner, “Ohyeah, shehadtosithere.Itmakesmealluncomfortable.”“Imsorry，”Itoldher.“Doyouwantmeto_4_？”Withahugesigh, she_5_back, “Isupposeyoucanstay.”Thewordswereokaybuther_6_toldmeIwasnotwelcome.“Icanmove, really, especiallyifitis_7_you，”Isaid_8_.Another_9_，andshetoldmetostay.Okay, _10_don
19、twantmetointerruptthemonthesubway._11_，Ifiguredwecouldhaveaconversation.IaskedherifshehadeverbeenouttoAlberta.Shewaitedalloftwosecondsandthenresponded, “No, butwevebeenthroughitonthewaytoVancouver.”“Iloveitthere，”Itoldherandwentonto_12_thegreatweatherandfriendlypeople.“Whereareyoufromoriginally？”Ias
20、ked.Nowherewasa_13_shewantedtotalkaboutandsoonI_14_herlifeintheoldcountry.Shetalkeduntilitwastimeforhertogetoff.Thenshe_15_andwarmlysaidgoodbye.Hey, thissubwaytravelingisokay!1A.decisionBoptionCruleDorder2A.occupiedBreservedCcomfortableDempty3A.unpleasantBcalmCunusualDcasual4A.switchBmoveChelpDwait5
21、A.whisperedBscreamedCarguedDfought6A.appearanceBvoiceCbehaviorDfigure7A.inspiringBsurprisingCembarrassingDbothering8A.desperatelyBsharplyCsincerelyDconfidently9A.attemptBglanceChesitationDsigh10A.strangersBconductorsCtouristsDperformers11A.ApparentlyBThereforeCEventuallyDStill12A.evaluateBmentionCim
22、agineDdebate13A.topicBconclusionCplanDcareer14A.caredaboutBlongedforClearnedaboutDthoughtof15A.pushedBsmiledChesitatedDclapped.应用文写作2021石家庄市质量检测一你们年级计划举办一场英文演讲比赛，主题为“我最喜爱的运动”。请写一篇参赛演讲稿。内容包括：1运动项目；2喜爱原因。注意：写作词数应为80左右。MyFavoriteSportHello, everyone._课时作业(二十一).阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会卫生与健康中国医生伍连德控制住了鼠疫【语
23、篇解读】1910年的冬天一种死亡率极高的流行病席卷中国东北，在剑桥受过教育的伍连德医生被派去阻止这种流行病，他到达目的地后，采取了诸如设立专门的隔离病区、对感染者实行活动限制之类的有效措施，由于伍连德医生的努力，鼠疫最终被完全控制。1答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“The Qing Imperial Court had sent the Cambridgeeducated Dr. Wu north to stop the epidemic (流行病)”可知，清朝政府派遣在剑桥受过教育的伍医生北上，以阻止这种流行病。故B项正确。2答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据题干关键词“sprea
24、ding nationwide”定位至第二段最后两句中的“even managed to convince authorities to completely close the railways in the early weeks of 1911.to see their families”和第三段最后一句可知，他说服当局在春节前彻底关闭铁路，防止人口通过铁路流动，从而阻止了鼠疫在全国流行，故D项正确。3答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第三段尾句可知，如果疫情没有得到控制，允许假期乘坐火车的旅客将疾病传播到中国其他地方，可能意味着灾难性的生命损失，并可能引发全球健康危机。据此可以推断，鼠疫
25、在1911年得到完全控制，有效阻止了其向世界传播，故C项正确。4答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据本文尾句可知，那时伍医生是世界上最著名的抗击鼠疫的人，他在抗击1919年中国的霍乱和1921年卷土重来的鼠疫中捍卫了这一称号。据此可推知，在1911年之后，他继续卓有成效地抗击流行病，故A项正确。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会人与科学公民科学家【语篇解读】数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学作出了贡献，但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。5答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“only a few ordinary people.
26、to science”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。6答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“And thats good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。7答案与解析：A考查观点态度。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People thin
27、k that were intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。8答案与解析：C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章
28、标题。.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会社会交往在地铁上与陌生人的一次交流【语篇解读】作者曾被告知地铁上的乘客们一般不喜欢聊天。作者有一次乘地铁，车厢里正好有一个空座位，作者坐下后邻座的女士一直在抱怨，作者问她自己是否需要离开，可是又得到了否定的答复。于是，作者决定和这位女士聊天，而这次聊天后来很顺畅。1答案与解析：C考查语境推断。本空指的是上文提到的“Folk on the subway dont talk. They dont want you interrupting their day”，此处表示这是很久以前别人告诉作者的规则。2答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据下文中的“I
29、scrunched into the space beside a woman”可以推断，地铁上有一个空座。3答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据下文中的“Oh yeah, she had to sit here. It makes me all uncomfortable”可以推断，这位女士对于作者坐在她身边很不开心。4答案与解析：B考查词汇复现。根据下文中的“I can move”可知，作者问那位女士自己是否需要离开那个座位。5答案与解析：A考查语境推断。结合语境和下文中的“I suppose you can stay”可知，尽管这位女士对于作者坐在她身边感到不开心，但是并没有大声发作，所以此
30、处用whispered。6答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据语境可知，尽管这位女士嘴上说作者可以坐在那里，但是她的声音告诉作者她不欢迎作者。7答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据上文中讲到的“It makes me all uncomfortable”“I was not welcome”可以推断，作者坐在那个座位上似乎打扰(bothering)到了那位女士。8答案与解析：C考查语境推断。根据上文中的“Im sorry.Do you want me to _4_？”“I can move”可以推断，作者真诚地询问这位女士自己是否需要离开。9答案与解析：D考查词汇复现。根据上文中提到的“With a
31、huge sigh”并结合空前的Another可知，空处为词汇复现，表示“又一声叹息”。10答案与解析：A考查常识推断。根据常识可知，地铁上的乘客都是陌生人。11答案与解析：D考查语境推断。空前一句讲到了“地铁上的陌生人不想要我打扰他们”，而空后则讲到了“我想我们可以聊天”，据此可知，前后形成了转折，故空处填Still，意为“但，不过”。12答案与解析：B考查语境推断。结合语境可知，作者和这位女士开始聊天，并逐渐提到了天气和人等话题。13答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据语境可知，作者与这位女士谈到了一个她愿意聊的话题。14答案与解析：C考查常识推断。根据常识可知，随着双方交谈的深入，作者逐渐了
32、解到这位女士的生活。15答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据下文中的“warmly said goodbye”可以推断，两人的聊天十分愉快，临别的时候这位女士对作者微笑并热情地道别。.应用文写作【范文赏读】My Favorite SportHello, everyone. My favorite sport is swimming and here are my reasons.First, its an affordable sport. Even though you have to buy an admission ticket, it isnt pricey (昂贵的). Second,
33、swimming is beneficial to your heart and lungs. In addition to its physical benefits, swimming is also an effective way to relax. Spending hours in the poor in hot summer is always my favorite pastime (消遣)In conclusion, as a very good workout, swimming can give you peace of mind to continue with your day.
