1、写作技巧点拨系列(九)解读图表信息,稳固构建图表作文【典例导练】在社会经济快速发展、高度发展的今天,人们的物质生活丰富多彩,但是精神生活却存在着很多的问题,也由此产生了人们对“幸福感”的不同看法。假设上周末你校对2 000名学生就“幸福感”的看法进行了调查。请根据以下数据写一篇文章。比 例“幸福感”的来源60%从父母或亲友的爱、从温暖的家庭生活中感受到幸福20%从助人、捐赠、义卖中感受到幸福10%从友情中感受到幸福10%异于上述情况,从不同角度讲述自己的幸福感结论:调查情况反映出学生们是热爱生活的,但是同时也反映了他们的生活经历有限、视野不够开阔注意:1.要包括以下内容:(1)调查时间、调查问
2、题以及调查对象;(2)数据的解读;(3)总体评价。2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【写作指导】.常用句式和高级词汇第一段:开门见山,点明图表要反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有:table,chart,figure;describe,tell,show,represent等。经常用到的句型有:As is shown in the graph./As is shown in the table./It can be seen from the table that.It can be concluded from the graph that./Compared with./According t
3、o the survey,about.第二段:中间段落对图表的内容进行分析,可采用分类或对比来表现主题,并阐明必要的理由。在叙述中要注意,切忌反复使用同一句型,忌反复出现图表中的数据,因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。要注意改换叙述的句式,注意使用不同的词语及句式。在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有:快速上升:rise;increase;go up;sharply;rapidly;quickly;dramatically缓慢下降:decrease;reduce;come down;decline;drop;fall slowly/gradually 描述数据的时候可以用到下面这些
4、表达或词汇:转折:while;but;on the contrary;however 比较:compared with/to对比:in contrast to;different from;difference between类似:similar to;as/the same.as;递进:more than;less than第三段:结尾对全文进行小结,经常使用的词语及句式有:in a word;in short;generally speaking;Its clear from the.that.;Based on the description above,we can safely dr
5、aw the conclusion that.黄金模板As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart),(作文题目的主题)has been on rise/decrease(goes up/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing fromintoin.From the sharp/marked decline/rise in the
6、 chart,it goes without saying that(描写趋势).There are at least two good reasons accounting for.(给出原因)On the one hand,on the other hand,is due to the fact that.In addition,is responsible for.Maybe there are some other reasons to show.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are comm
7、only convincing.As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that./In a word/Generally speaking,(总结/得出结论).【审题谋篇】信息全而不漏【佳句锤炼】词句精而高级1.60%的学生从父母或亲友的爱以及从温暖的家庭生活中感受到幸福。(一般表达)Sixty percent of the students feel happy.They have the love from their parents and relatives,and also from the warmth of famil
8、ies.(系表结构+并列连词)Sixty percent of the students _the love from their parents and relatives _from the warmth of families.feel happywithas well as2.20%的学生认为他们很高兴去帮助他人，捐献给需要物品的人东西或参加义卖活动。(一般表达)Twenty percent of the students think they are happy to help others,donate something to people who are in need or
9、take part in a voluntary selling.(省略句+宾语从句+介词短语作定语+现在分词作定语)Twenty percent think they _help others,donate something to people _or take part in a voluntary _.are pleased toin needselling3.除了以上这些方面，其他学生也描述了不同方面的幸福。(一般表达)Besides,the rest of the students talk about their happiness from different aspects.
10、(高级词汇)_,the rest of the students _ their happiness from different aspects.(高级词汇)_,_their happiness from different aspects.Apart from the abovedescribeIn addition the rest describe4.基于这些数据，可以得出结论：我们的学生对生活充满爱，但他们的生活经历是有限的，他们的视野需要被拓宽。(一般表达)As it is based on the statistics,we can draw a conclusion.Our s
11、tudents have deep love for life.Their life experience is limited,so their horizons need to be broadened.(过去分词短语+被动语态+同位语从句+并列句)_,_,but their life experience is limited,so their horizons need to be broadened.Based on thestatisticsa conclusion can be drawn that our students havedeep love for life【连句成篇
12、】过渡巧而自然Last weekend,a survey about“The feeling of happiness”was carried out among the 2,000 students of our school.Sixty percent of the students feel happy with the love from their parents and relatives as well as from the warmth of families.Twenty percent think they are pleased to help others,donat
13、e something to people in need or take part in a voluntary selling.Among ten percent of them think friendship gives them much delight.Apart from the above,the rest of the students describe their happiness from different aspects.Based on the statistics,a conclusion can be drawn that our students have
14、deep love for life,but their life experience is limited so their horizons need to be broadened.【命题专家如是说】图表类作文解题关键图表类作文一般是在图、表中给出一定的内容和情景，要求考生根据图表信息，准确、客观地反映图表内容，并加以分析，进而得出结论，旨在考查学生从图表材料中获取信息，并转换成文字信息的能力。1.仔细研读图表。认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，根据图表所显示的中心信息确定主题、内容层次以及主题句。2.确定主题段落。分析重组信息，根据信息的不同性质确定具体段落，列出各段的主题句。对所给信息的转述要使用不同的表达方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的词、词组、句型等。3.深化阐释主题。末段通常用于深化主题，对全文进行总结，发表个人看法。写此段时要注意结论的客观性、看法的合理性，不可妄加评断。
