1、First aid is defined as the emergency care given to a sick or injured person.The goals of first aid are to prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.Each emergency condition is different.However, the following rules apply to any kind of emergency.*Be aware of your limitations.Do not
2、try to do more than you are able to.Nor should you do things if you are unfamiliar with them.Do what you can under the conditions at the time.*Stay calm.Acting calmly will help the victim feel safe.*Take a quick look to see if the victim is bleeding, and if there is a pulse.*Keep the victim lying do
3、wn and do not move him/her.You could make an injury worse if you move the victim.*Call for help or ask someone to make the EMS system (急救系统) start.*Keep the victim warm unless he/she suffers from heatstroke (中暑).Cover the victim with a blanket.Coats and sweaters can be used if a blanket can not be f
4、ound.*Reassure the victim.Explain what is happening and that help has been called.*Do not give the victim any food or fruits.*Keep the bystanders away from the victim.Bystanders want to have a look, offer advice, and say something about the victims condition.The victim may believe that the condition
5、 is worse than it really is. 理解 1Whats the main idea of the passage?The main idea of the text is about how to give first aid2Whats the most important purpose of first aid?To prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.3Whats the purpose of keeping the bystanders away from the victim?Do
6、 not let too many bystanders around to disturb the victim. 积累 1define v.阐明；限定；给下定义；描出的界线2emergency n.突发事件；紧急情况3be aware of 意识到，认识到4limitation n.局限性；限制，限定5be unfamiliar with 对不熟悉6victim n.受害者7reassure v.使安心8bystander n.旁观者Section Reading and Thinkingessential adj.必要的；必备的organ n(人或动植物的)器官act as 担任；充当t
7、oxin n毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)ray n光线；光束；(热、电等)射线sense of touch 触觉get burnt 被烧伤a variety of 各种各样的radiation n辐射；放射线electricity n电；电能acid n酸adj.酸的；酸性的be divided into 被分成depend on 视而定；取决于millimetre n毫米；千分之一米minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的layer n层；表层；层次electric shock 触电；电击internal adj.内部的victim n受害者；患者swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起
8、的；肿胀的blister n(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡underneath prep.& adv.在底下；隐藏在下面nerve n神经fabric n织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构stick to 粘住；坚持loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的apply .to 把涂在上；把运用到当中去infection n感染suffer from 遭受urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的FIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest org
9、an.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins， and the suns rays.It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.1 As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very seri
10、ous injuries.2The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.31本句是主从复合句，其中when things are too hot or cold是时间状语从句，而主句中有四个并列谓语动词helps, prevents, warns和gives。2本句是主从复合句，其中As you can imagine是as引导的非限制性定语从句，而getting burnt是动名词短语作主语。 3本句是简单句，其中giving first aid是动词ing 形式作表语。CAU
11、SES OF BURNSYou can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation， the sun, electricity， acids， or other chemicals.44本句是简单句，其中冒号后面的内容都是对上文things的具体示例。TYPES OF BURNSBurns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.5Firstdegree burnsThese affect only th
12、e top few millimetres of the skin.These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.6Seconddegree burnsThese go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids
13、.Thirddegree burnsThese affect every layer of ， and sometimes the tissue under it .Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes, or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.75本句是简单句，其中depending on是现在分词短语作状语，意为“视而
14、定；取决于”。6 本句是简单句，其中caused by other minor household incidents是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。7本句是由and连接的并列句。CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNSFirstdegree burnsdry, red, and mildly swollenmildly painfulturn white when pressed 8Seconddegree burnsred and swollen; blisters； watery surfaceextremely painfulThirddegree burnsblac
15、k and whiteswollen; the tissue underneath can often be seenlittle or no pain if nerves are damaged 9; may be painful around the edges of the burn8句中when pressed是时间状语从句的省略形式。9句中if引导条件状语从句。FIRSTAID TREATMENT1Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water s
16、tops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.2Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.3Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 104Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad
17、idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 115If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.6If the victim is suffering from second or thirddegree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 1210本句是主从复合句，其中主句是祈使句Remove any clo
18、thes, using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语， if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。11本句是主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语Applying oil to the injured areas作主语，而as引导原因状语从句。 12本句是主从复合句，其中主句是there be句型，而从句是If引导的条件状语从句。烧伤急救处理皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于
19、控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。烧伤的原因很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。烧伤的种类根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧
20、伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。烧伤的特点一度烧伤干燥、发红、微肿微痛受压时变白二度烧伤发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液极度疼痛三度烧伤皮肤发黑或变白肿胀；通常可见皮下组织如果神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感急救处理1将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。2用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。3如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。4用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。5如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。6如果伤
21、者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。Step One：Prereading 1What happened to them in the pictures?Picture 1: Choking Picture 2: A sprained anklePicture 3: Nosebleed2If you come across such situation, what will you do? Answers may vary.3What is first aid?First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenl
22、y falls ill or gets injuried before a doctor can be found.Step Two：Whilereading.Read for the main idea1Read the passage quickly and find the main idea for the whole passage.The whole passage tells us the burns and the first aid treatment2Match the main idea with each part.Part 1 (Para.1)AThe three t
23、ypes of burnsPart 2 (Para.2) BWhat to do if someone gets burntPart 3 (Paras.36) CThe functions of the skinPart 4 (Para.7) DThe symptoms of burnsPart 5 (Paras.813) EHow we get burnt答案：Parts 15CEADB.Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1What are the characteristics o
24、f firstdegree burns?ABlack, white and charred.BRough, red and swollen.CRough, red and dry.DDry, red and mildly swollen.2Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns?ASteam and radiation.BThe moon and the sun.CFire and electricity.DHot liquids and chemicals.3If burns affect all three layers of th
25、e skin and any tissue and organs under the skin, someone must Abe sent to hospital at onceBbe placed on the floor and cool the burns immediatelyCbe undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean, dry bandageDbe asked not to drink any water4Why should we dry the burnt area gently?ABecause t
26、he person will cry.BBecause rubbing may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.CBecause the burns are on the face.DBecause it will make the person feel good.答案：14DBAB.Read for the structureRead the passage again and fill in the blanks.Firstdegree burnsSeconddegree burnsThirddegree burnsDe
27、pthonly the top few 1.millimetres of the skinbelow the top 2.layer of the skinevery layer of the skin, and sometimes the 3.tissue under itCharacteristicsdry, red, and mildly swollen mildly painfulturn 4.white when pressedred and swollen; blisters；5watery surfaceextremely painfulblack and white swoll
28、en; the tissue underneath can often be seenlittle or no pain if 6.nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burnTreatmentPlace burns under 7.cool running waterDry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.Remove any clothes 8.using scissors if necessary.Cover the burnt area with a lo
29、ose clean cloth.Burns on the face: make sure the victim can still 9.breatheSecond or thirddegree burns: there is 10.an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.Step Three：Postreading.课文语法填空The skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the suns rays. It also helps control your bo
30、dy temperature, prevents your body from 1.losing (lose) too much water and 2.gives(give) you your sense of touch. 3.As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the 4.treatment (treat) of burns is giving first aid.Burns are divided into th
31、ree types, depending 5.on the depth of skin damage. Firstdegree burns affect only the top few millimetres of skin. Examples include mild sunburn and burns 6.caused(cause) by other minor household incidents. Seconddegree burns go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks
32、to get 7.better(well). Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. Thirddegree burns affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue 8.under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the vict
33、im must go to the hospital at once.If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still 9.breathe (breath). If the victim is suffering from second or thirddegree burns, there is an urgent need 10.to take(take) him/her to the hospital at once.讨论With the knowledge you have learnt from the passage,
34、 describe the following scenes and tell how to deal with the emergencies.Picture A: The burn is caused by touching the pot.It belongs to the Firstdegree burns, because it affects only the top few millimetres of the skin.The burn is not serious.Characteristics of firstdegree burns：dry, red, and mildl
35、y swollen; mildly painful; turn white when pressed.We should place the burnt area under cool running water within the first ten minutes.Then cover the burnt area gently with a loose clean cloth.Picture B: It belongs to the seconddegree burns, which is caused by hot liquids. The burns are below the t
36、op layer of the skin.They are serious.The characteristics of seconddegree burns：red and swollen; blisters; wartery surface; extremely painful.We should dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth, and take him to the hospital at once.Picture C: We can know he got burnt all over his body, and his sk
37、in became charred.It belongs to the thirddegree burns.It is caused by fire.It affects every layer of the skin, and the tissue under the skin.The characteristics of thirddegree burns：black and white; swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen; little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pai
38、nful around the edges of the burn. If necessary, remove any clothes using scissors; and there is an urgent need to take him to the hospital at once.长难句分析1Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.句式分析本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句Remove any clothes是祈使句，usi
39、ng scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语，if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。自主翻译如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。2Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.句式分析本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语 App
40、lying oil to the injured areas作主语；as引导原因状语从句。 自主翻译在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。.重点单词1firstaid technique急救技能2its largest organ它最大的器官3the suns rays太阳光线4radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals辐射，太阳，电，酸或其他化学物质5the top few millimetres of the skin皮肤的最上面几毫米6other minor household incid
41、ents其他家庭小事故7the victim受害者8loose clean clothes宽松干净的衣服9an urgent need紧急需要10ease discomfort缓解不适掌握规律 巧记单词1minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的ityminority n少数；少数民族例如：major adj.主要的majority n. 多数；大部分equal adj.平等的equality n平等national adj.国家的；民族的nationality n国籍electric adj.电的；用电的electricity n电 2urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的；去tcyu
42、rgency n紧迫；急迫例如：efficient adj.效率高的efficiency n效率；功率current adj.当前的；流通的currency n货币；通用 .重点短语1Your skin acts as(充当，担任) a barrier against disease, toxins, and the suns rays.2It also warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch (触觉).3You can get burnt by a variety of (各种各
43、样的) things .4Burns are divided into (被分成) three types, depending on (视而定) the depth of skin damage.5Examples include burns caused by electric shocks (电击), burning clothes, or petrol fires.6Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to (黏附于) the burnt skin.7App
44、lying oil to (把涂抹到) the injured areas is a bad idea .8If the victim is suffering from (遭受) second or thirddegree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.典型句式 1教材原句As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。句式分析 as引导的非限制性定语从句。佳句仿写
45、你可以看出，他自己做的比我做的还要好。As you can see, he did rather better for himself than I did.2教材原句Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。句式分析现在分词短语作状语。佳句仿写根据不同的家庭，我往往会给出一个不同的答案。I tend to have a different answer, depending on the family3教材原句Remove any clothes usi
46、ng scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。句式分析if省略结构。佳句仿写如果有必要，病人可以上门咨询自己的医生以得到更多的建议。If necessary, the patient can then visit his doctor for further advice.4教材原句Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will kee
47、p the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。句式分析as引导原因状语从句。佳句仿写宽帽子是最好的，因为它可以同时保护你的耳朵和脖子。A wide hat is the best, as it will protect your ears and neck as well5教材原句If the victim is suffering from second or thirddegree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her
48、to the hospital at once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。句式分析There is a need to do sth有必要做某事佳句仿写对父母来说和孩子相处融洽还是很有必要的。There is a great need for parents to get along well with their children.1technique n技能；技术；技艺(教材p.50)What firstaid techniques do you know of? 你知道哪些急救技能？have a technique for有的技术technique in方面的技术佳句T
49、he new technique works better than the one it has replaced.这项新技术比之前的效果要好。练透单句语法填空They learn basic techniques in selfdefence.Dick Fosbury had a new technique for doing the high jump.写美补全句子He has a special technique for dealing with problems of that sort.处理那类问题他有一项特殊技巧。2sense of touch触觉(教材p.50)It also
50、 helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。sense of responsibility/duty 责任感，责任心 sense of humor幽默感sense of belonging归属感 sense of smell嗅觉 s
51、ense of beauty美感；审美感 sense of direction方向感佳句 Newly developed robots have a sense of touch and are able to see and make decisions.新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。练透补全句子Good chef must have a good sense of smell好厨师必须有好嗅觉。He had a poor sense of direction and soon got lost.他方向感很差，一会儿就迷路了。He is distinguished for
52、his sense of humor他以其幽默感著称。写美翻译句子我认为每个人都应该有责任感。I think everyone should have the sense of responsibility/duty.3minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的(教材p.50)Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。(1)minority n.少数；少数民族in the minority占少数(2)major adj.主要的；重要
53、的 n.专业 vi.主修major in主修(3)majority n.多数；大部分in the majority占大多数佳句To make it carried out better, we have made some minor changes to the program.为了使该计划更好地被执行，我们对其做了一些小的改动。练透单句语法填空Women are in the majority (major) in the company; men are in the minority (minor).Mary is majoring in French at Stanford.写美补全
54、句子The majority of people interviewed prefer walking to taking a bus.大多数接受采访的人都喜欢步行多于乘公共汽车。4urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的(教材p.51) If the victim is suffering from second or thirddegree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。(1)urgency n.紧急；紧迫性(2)urge vt.催
55、促；极力主张 n.强烈的欲望；冲动urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事urge that .(should) do sth极力主张/强调做某事have an urge to do sth有做某事的欲望/冲动(3)urgently adv.紧急地；急迫地佳句It is urgent that food and clothes (should) be sent to the sufferers in the area.把食物和衣服送给那个地区的受难者，这是十分紧急的。练透单句语法填空/补全句子She was surprised at the urgency (urgent) in hi
56、s voice. He urged that we(should) go (go) at once.As we know, theres an urgent need for food and water here.众所周知，这里急需食物和水。写美补全句子The vacation is coming and I have an urge to do a parttime job假期快到了，我有去做一份兼职的冲动。 5ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在(教材p.51)Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it
57、may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和缓解不适。(1)ease sb of sth减轻/消除某人的(痛苦、负担等)(2)with ease轻易地；毫不费力地at ease舒适；快活；自由自在feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松put sb at ease使某人放松佳句I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.我通过告诉他做什么使他摆脱了困难。练透用ease的相关短语填空Now he can put his min
58、d at ease because he has passed the examination with easeWalking helped to ease him of his pain.写美补全句子When you feel nervous, youd better listen to some light music to put yourself at ease当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我
59、们生活在一个比以往任何时候更容易获取更多信息的时代。1句型公式if 省略结构(教材p.51)Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。if省略结构：若if从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句中有be动词时，可将从句主语与be动词省略。if省略结构的惯用表达：if necessary 如果有必要if possible如果可能的话if so如果是这
60、样的话if not如果不是这样的话if ever如果曾经有过的话if any如果真有的话佳句Remind them to book an interview room if necessary. 如果有必要，提醒他们预订一间面试房间。练透补全句子You can come to Beijing for a holiday. If so, Ill show you around the Summer Palace.你可以来北京度假。如果你来的话，我将带你参观颐和园。If possible, youd better go to work by bike or by bus, which is ben
61、eficial to our environment.如果可能的话，你最好骑自行车或者坐公共汽车去上班，这于我们的环境有益。2句型公式There is a need to do sth 有必要做某事(教材p.51)If the victim is suffering from second or thirddegree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。常见的there be结构如下：(1)There is no need to do sth没
62、必要做某事There is no denying that .不可否认There is no doubt that .毫无疑问There is no problem to do sth做某事没问题(2)There happen(s) to be .碰巧有There seem(s) to be .好像有There may/must be .可能/肯定有佳句Even if you have found the secret, there is no need to cry it from the housetop.即使你知道了这个秘密，也没有必要闹得满城风雨。练透补全句子There is an urgent need to finish this project by tomorrow. 这个项目急需在明天之前完成！I have been attaching great importance to spoken English, so there is no problem for me to speak English fluently.我一直非常重视英语口语，所以对我来说流利地说英语是没有问题的。There seems to be fewer tourists around this year.今年来访的游客似乎少了。
