1、Section Grammar合成词和冠词语法图解课文原句感知A keyboard is the part of the computer that you type on.Whats the difference between computer hardware and computer software?The United States is one of Englishspeaking countries.Hardworking people are more likely to succeed.Have you got a computer at home?This is an i
2、nteresting book and it is also a useful one.The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world.He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web.语法领悟(1)例句中黑体部分都是合成词，其中是合成 名词，是合成 形容词。(2)例句中的合成词是由“ 名词名词”构成，例句中的合成词由“ 形容词名词”构成。(3)例句中的合成词是由“ 名词动词ing形式”构成，中的合成词由“ 副词动词ing形式”构成。(4)例句黑体部分都是冠词。其中例句是
3、不定冠词，例句是 定冠词。(5)例句中的 不定冠词表示泛指，例句中的 定冠词表示特指。一、合成词把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成构词法。合成词有的用连字符连在一起，有的直接连在一起，常见的合成词有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词和合成副词等几种类型。1合成名词a合成名词的数量很多，可以在句中作主语、宾语等。 Sightseeing took up the whole morning.观光用了整整一上午的时间。(作主语)Finally they reached a crossroads.最后他们到了一个十字路口。(作宾语)b合成名词的主要构成方式：名词名词：classroom
4、教室newspaper 报纸形容词名词：blackboard 黑板greenhouse 温室名词动名词：handwriting 书法sunbathing 日光浴 动名词名词：sleeping pill 安眠药diningcar 餐车名词介词名词：commanderinchief 总司令brotherinlaw 姐夫/妹夫动词副词：gettogether 联欢会breakthrough 突破名师点津(1)“名词名词”构成的合成名词变为复数时，作定语的名词一般不改变形式，但man，woman作定语时，需随着其修饰的名词变为复数。例如：a boy studentboy students; a wom
5、an teacherwomen teachers。(2)合成名词的复数形式，一般是在主体名词后加s或es，但如果没有主体名词的话，则在最后加s或es。例如：editorsinchief (主编), sonsinlaw (女婿), passersby(过路人), standbys(旁观者), girlfriends (女朋友)。即学即练1(1)把下列合成名词翻译成汉语snowfall 降雪highway 公路horseriding 骑马waiting room 候车室daughterinlaw 儿媳takeoff 起飞(2)把下列合成名词变成复数形式schoolboy schoolboysloo
6、keron lookersongrownup grownupswoman singer women singers2合成形容词合成形容词的数量很多，多数作定语，有些也可作表语。They helped us to map out a longterm plan.他们帮我们制订了一个长远计划。(作定语)Are you airsick?你晕机吗？(作表语)合成形容词的主要构成方式：名词形容词：worldfamous 世界闻名的名词动词ing：peaceloving 热爱和平的名词过去分词：heartbroken 伤心的动词副词：takeaway 外卖的形容词名词：longdistance 长途的形容
7、词形容词：darkblue 深蓝色的形容词名词ed：strongminded 意志坚强的副词动词ing：hardworking 勤劳的副词过去分词：wellknown 著名的数词名词：firstclass 头等的数词名词ed：threecornered 三角的基数词名词(单数)形容词：tenyearold十岁大的即学即练2用合成形容词完成句子Thats a tenmetrelong (10米长的) stone bridge.They decided to have another papermaking (造纸的) factory set up in this town.There are m
8、ore newlybuilt (新建的) houses in this village than in that one.Our English teacher is a warmhearted (热心的), honest and strict man.It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was a threehour (三小时的) journey.3合成动词合成动词的主要构成方式：名词动词：watercool 用水冷却形容词动词：quickcharge 快速充电副词动词：outact 行动上胜过4合成副词
9、合成副词的主要构成方式：副词副词：however 但是代词副词：anywhere 任何地方副词名词：downstairs 在楼下形容词名词：anyway 无论如何即学即练3(1)把下列合成动词和合成副词翻译成汉语typewrite 打字underline 在下面画线oversleep 睡过头safeguard 捍卫upstairs 在楼上sideways 横着地，斜着地(2)用合成动词或合成副词填空It is important never to overdo new exercises.(do, over)His food cost $3, but he was overcharged by
10、 50 cents. (charge, over)Get the job done anyway you can. (any, way)二、冠词的用法在英语中，冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)。两者的最大差别在于定冠词表示特指概念；不定冠词表示泛指概念。an用于元音音素开头的单词前，a用于辅音音素开头的单词前；两者都是对可数名词单数进行限定。the既可以限定可数名词单数或复数，又可以限定不可数名词。1不定冠词的用法(1)泛指一类人和物。A horse runs faster than a sheep. 马比绵羊跑得快。(2)表示数量“一个；同一；每一；某一”，意思相当于one,
11、the same, every或a certain。The children are of an age.这些孩子们年龄一样大。We have meals three times a day.我们每天吃三顿饭。A Mr Li is waiting for you. 一位李先生在等你。(3)用在某些物质名词前，表示“一阵，一场，一种”等。They were caught in a heavy rain. 他们遇上了一场大雨。Id like to have an icecream.我想来一份冰激凌。(4)用于固定词组或短语中。in a word 总之，一句话as a matter of fact
12、事实上即学即练4(1)用不定冠词填空There is an “m” in the word “cream”Its an honour for me to give you a lecture here. A Mr Wang came to see you this morning.The man can run 20 kilometers an hour.It hasnt rained for 3 months. As a result, some plants have died.(2)完成句子The work is so tiring. Lets have a rest (休息一会儿)Th
13、e medicine should be taken three times a day (一天三次)Can you give me a second chance (再一次机会), please?2定冠词的用法(1)表示特指，用于彼此都知道的人或物。Do you know the man standing there?你认识那边站着的那个人吗？He bought a house. Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子，我去过那幢房子。(2)与形容词连用，代表一类人或事物。The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately.
14、受伤者被马上送往了医院。(3)用于方位、方向等名词前。in the east 在东方on the right 在右边(4)用于世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大贝尔于1876年发明了电话。名师点津有些物体实际上也是独一无二的，但习惯上不用冠词，如space, nature。(5)用于序数词、形容词最高级前。还可用在对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。He is always the first to
15、come to school.他总是第一个到校。He is the older of the two.他是两人中年长的那一个。名师点津表示“再一，又一”时，在序数词前加不定冠词。I have been to Qingdao twice, but I want to go there a third time.我去过青岛两次，但我想再去一次。(6)用在姓氏复数名词前，表示全家人或这一姓氏的夫妇俩。The Greens are on holiday now. 现在格林一家(夫妇)正在度假。(7)用在某个世纪的某个年代前。in the 1990s在20世纪90年代(8)用在以festival组成的中
16、国传统节日之前，但以day组成的节日前不加定冠词；在表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前通常用定冠词，但中国传统乐器前不加定冠词。试比较：in the Spring Festival 在春节on Christmas Day 在圣诞节play the piano 弹钢琴play erhu 演奏二胡(9)用在表示计量的名词前，表示“按照”。但如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词前面不加定冠词。by the day 按天by the dozen 按打by weight 按重量by length 按长度(10)用在一些固定搭配中。in the end 最后by the way 顺便说一下in the distance
17、 在远处即学即练5用适当的冠词填空In the United States, Fathers Day falls on the third Sunday in June.After having a good breakfast, he went to play the piano. The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee.I bought a book yesterday. And I lent the book to Mary this morning.It is
18、 a pleasure to see the sun rising in the east.I have two dogs. The black one is two years old and the yellow one is three years old.3零冠词的用法(1)表示总称的复数名词之前不加冠词。Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。(2)物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时，前面不用冠词。Theory begins with practice.理论来源于实践。(3)季节、月份、星期、节日、学科名称、球类、棋类名词前不加冠词。I like physics
19、 though it is a little difficult.我喜欢物理，尽管学起来有些难。(4)名词作表语或同位语表示头衔、职位时不用冠词。We made Jack monitor of our class.我们选杰克为我们班的班长。(5)表示交通工具的名词与by连用，不指具体某辆车时前面不加冠词。He goes to school by bike every day.他每天骑自行车上学。(6)bed, hospital, church, class, college, university, school, court, prison, town等名词与介词连用，表抽象概念时，一般不用
20、冠词。It is high time that you went to school.到了你该上学的时间了。(7)用在一些固定搭配中。on business 做生意in place of 代替(8)一些短语中有无冠词的区别at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌子旁in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院take place 发生take the place of 取代in front of 在的前面in the front of 在的前面部分即学即练6在下列句子空白处填入适当的冠词，无须冠词处填“/”Its / bad manners to blow
21、your noise at / table.I go to / school on foot because my home is near the school.Bill likes playing / football, but his sister likes playing the violin.Ive just had a glass of milk for / breakfast. The museum is quite far. It will take you half an hour to get there by / bus.In case of / fire, break
22、 the glass and push the red button.链接高考单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.2(2017全国卷)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that some
23、thing missing.3(2017全国卷)Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as a model in New York.4(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.5(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, t
24、he other is with mumshe never suspects.6(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.7(2016浙江) The prize for the winner of the competition is a twoweek holiday in Paris.8(2015浙江)Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.9(2015四川)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.10(2015重庆)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
