1、Killer whales have the second-heaviest brains among marine mammals(after Sperm whales,which have the largest brain of any animal).They can be trained in captivity(囚禁；关押)and are often described as intelligent,although defining and measuring“intelligence”is difficult in a species whose environment and
2、 behavioral strategies are very different fromthose of humans.Killer whales imitate others,and seem to deliberately teach skills to their kin.Off the Crozet Islands,mothers push their calves onto the beach,waiting to pull the youngster back if needed.People who have interacted closely with killer wh
3、ales offer numerous anecdotes demonstrating(证明)the whalescuriosity,playfulness,and ability to solve problems.Alaskan killer whales have not only learned how to steal fish from Iong lines,but also have overcome a variety of techniques designed to stop them,such as the use of unrated(未分级的；未征税的)lines a
4、s decoys.Once,fishermen placed their boats several miles apart,taking turns retrieving(恢复；取回)small amounts of their catch,in the hope that the whales would not have enough time to move between boats to steal the catch as it was being retrieved.A researcher described what happened next:The killer wha
5、les use of dialects and the passing of other learned behaviours from generation to generation have been described as a form of animal culture.读文清障原文呈现Section Warm-up&Lesson 1 Pre-readingVIKING VOYAGES TO AMERICAThe Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America.They achieved this long before Colu
6、mbus ever set sail.voyage/vIId/n航海；航空Viking/vaIkI/n维京人，北欧海盗名词中心词被序数词或 the last 等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。achieve vt.实现，到达 achievement n成就，功绩long before 很久以前 before long 不久以后set sail 启航读文清障原文呈现ancestor/nsst/n祖先，祖宗whose 引导的定语从句，修饰 a group of people。AD n公元 BC n公元前where 引导的定语从句，修饰 Northern Europe。The Vikings
7、 were a group of people whose ancestors came from Scandinavia.They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD.By around 900 AD,there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.读文清障原文呈现In 982 AD,when a man called Eric the Reddecide
8、d to set sail furtherwest,there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland.过去分词作后置定语。further/f/adv.更远，较远further 是 far 的比较级。现在分词短语作后置定语。北欧海盗航行到美洲第12段译文北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。大约到公元 900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。公元982年，一个叫埃里克雷德的人决定向西远航。此时，冰岛生活着多达10
9、 000名北欧海盗。读文清障原文呈现According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，for which he got into trouble.Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.according to根据，依照for which引导非限制性定语从句
10、，for表示原因，which指代先行词a murder。get into trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境读文清障原文呈现He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland.He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.persuade/psweId/vt.说服，劝服persuade
11、 sb.to do sth.persuade sb.into doing sth.说服、劝服某人做某事make it to 到达 make it 获得成功，准时到达of which 引导非限制性定语从句。读文清障原文呈现Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland，a man celled Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of21 Erics party.Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blo
12、wn off 22course23 and found himself in24 an unknown25 land，from where he eventually26reached Greenland27.Not long after 此处引导时间状语从句，意为“后不久”。21 in search of 寻找，寻求22 blow off 吹离，吹掉 blow away 吹走，驱散23 course n航线，路线，方向24 “find oneself介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。25 unknown/nnn/adj.不知道的，未知的26 eventually/Iventli/adv
13、.最终，终于27 from where 引导定语从句，修 饰 an unknown land。第 34 段译文根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。他返回冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。这一次有 25 艘船与他同行，但其中只有 14 艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。埃里克雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。读文清障原文
14、呈现In the year 1002,when Eric the Reds son Leif was planning a trip further west,Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.Leif followed Biarnis directions28 and sailed to what is believed to be29 the coast of present-day30 Canada.He then sailed further south to an island which is now kno
15、wn as31 Newfoundland.28follow ones directions 依 照 某人的指点29 be believed to be 被认为是30 present-day/prezntdeI/adj.当今的，现代的31 be known as 作为而出名be famous as 作为而出名读文清障原文呈现We know about Eric the Red and Leifs deeds32 through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland.They are the fi
16、rst records we have of Europeans sailing 33 to the Americas.32 deed/did/n行为，行动do a good deed 做一件好事33 Europeans sailing.是动名词的复合结构。Europeans是 sailing 的逻辑主语。第56段译文1002年，埃里克雷德的儿子利夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼一同商量他的西行计划。利夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据认为是现在的加拿大海岸的地方。然后他继续南行至一个现在叫纽芬兰的岛屿。我们从挪威和冰岛记载下来并流传几个世纪的故事中得知埃里克雷德和利夫的事迹。他们是记载中最早航行到达
17、美洲的欧洲人。Pre-readingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1spirit A不知道的，未知的2voyage B令人惊恐的，骇人的3ancestor C水手，海员4eventually D说服，劝服5deed E道歉6journey F精神7lecture G探险家8brake H祖先，祖宗9explorer I制动器，刹车10unknown J最终，终于11frightening K航海；航空12sailor L行为，行动13persuade M讲授，演讲14apologise N旅行，旅程15 _ 610 _ 11
18、14 _FKHJLNMIGABCDELead-inMatch the following navigators with their main sailing experiences.Asailed directly from Europe to IndiaBled seven expeditions to what the Chinese called“the Western Ocean”(Indian Ocean)Cled to general European awareness of the American continentsDsailed around the southernm
19、ost tip of Africa in 148814 _CBADTrue(T)or False(F)1Columbus reached America earlier than the Vikings._2The ancestors of the Vikings were from Scandinavia._3Eric the Red decided to set sail further west in 900 AD._4Eric the Red left Iceland because he had committed a murder._5All of Erics twenty-fiv
20、e ships reached Greenland successfully._6Leif chose different directions from Biarnis and sailed to Canada._While-readingFTFTFFRead the text and choose the best answers.1Its said that Eric the Red got into trouble_.Awhen he left GreenlandBwhen he reached GreenlandCwhen he committed a murderDwhen he
21、returned to Iceland 2After Eric the Red discovered Greenland，_.Apeople started to live on that islandBhe thought people couldnt live on itCsome people went back with him to GreenlandDhe set sail further west3Who does“he”in line 23 refer to?AEric the Red.BBiarni.CBiarnis father.DErics father.4Which s
22、tatement is TRUE according to the passage?ABiarni sailed to Newfoundland with Leif.BNewfoundland lies north to Canada.CNo people lived in Newfoundland when Leif discovered it.DBiarnis directions were of great use to Leif.答案：15 CCBDA5What does the passage mainly talk about?AHow the Vikings discovered
23、 America.BThe life of Vikings in Scandinavia.CEric the Reds life story.DOld stories about the Vikings.Study-readingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway,Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder,for
24、which he got into trouble.句式分析根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。尝试翻译2Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land,from where he eventually reached Greenland.句式分析尝试翻译 比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪练(一)”(单击进入电子文档)
