1、上海市黄浦区2020届高三英语二模考试试题（含解析）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hea
2、r a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. In an art gallery.B. In a classroom.C. In a railway stationD. In a ward.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Excuse me,sir.Visiting hours
3、are over.Your wife must get some rest.M:Oh, Im sorry,doctor.I didnt hear the bell,or I would have left earlier.Q:Where does the conversation most probably take place?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. 5 weeks.B. 15 weeks.C. 20 weeks.D. 25 weeks.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: How are you getting along with the Advanced English
4、 course?W:Thank Goodness,its almost over.Ive finished 3/4 of the classes and now only 5 weeks left.Q:How long does the Advanced English course last?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. A Chinese restaurant.B. Bills company.C. Gold Road.D. The Ground Theatre.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Bill,Ill go to the Ground Theatre tonight
5、,but Ive never been there before.Its said Gold Road is close to it.And I remember your company is on that road,isnt it?M:Ground Theatre?Actually,it is just next to a Chinese restaurant,five minutes walk from Gold Road.Q:.Where is the woman going tonight?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Egg.B. Fish.C. PorkD. S
6、teak【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Are you ready to order?What sort of food do you like? Are you a vegetarian or do you have any special food requirements?W.I am not a vegetarian.But I do not eat any meat.I really like seafood.Q:Which food is the woman most probably going to order?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. What the de
7、partment library offers.B. Where the man can find what he wants.C. What professional articles the man needs.D. Where general books are available.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Since you want to find professional articles in a certain field,youd better use the department library.Here you can borrow some general book
8、s,like novels,and text books,etc.M:I guess I might as well go to the department library.Q:What are the two speakers mainly talking about?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Have a job interview.B. Make ant advertisement.C. Open the letter box.D. Buy a copy of Daily Mail.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M Hello,Im calling to ask abo
9、ut the position advertised in Fridays Daily Mail.W:Yes.The position is still open. You could come over and have a talk with us.Q:What will the man most probably do next?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. He will hand it in tomorrow.B. Its a difficult job for him.C. Its about a strike.D. Hell consult his friend
10、about it.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Now you want to consult me about your class presentation.Youre due to give it in next week,arent you?M:Thats right,madam. And Im really strugglingQ:What does the man imply about his class presentation?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Work with her colleagues.B. Make coffee for others.C
11、. Stay alone in the office.D. Socialize with her co-workers.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:What do you usually do in the lunch hour?W:I used to have lunch alone,but now,I like to make it more social,to have a coffee,and things like that,so I often go with colleagues from work.Q:What does the woman usually do in the
12、 lunch hour?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. Students prefer living out of town.B. Its impossible to find an ideally located town.C. They have the flat that will satisfy the woman.D. He will make sure where the vacancies are.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Im looking for a flat.Do you have any recommendation for students like
13、 me? It will be better if it is located out of town.M:We have more vacancies out of townQ:What does the man mean?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. He often goes back home late for dinner.B He shares some of the household duties.C. He dines out with friends from time to time.D. He cooks dinner for the family o
14、ccasionally.【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】M：Please come in.Im just getting ready to go home.Susan is expecting me for dinner.I want it to be on time for a change.W:Look,Im terribly sorry to drop in at this time on Friday,Paul.But it is rather important.Q:What can be learned about Paul from the conversation?Secti
15、on BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several passages and longer conversations, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four p
16、ossible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.11. A. To follow the popular trend. B. To enjoy relaxing atmosphere.C. To experience a different lifestyle. D. To consume a tour package.12. A. Convenienc
17、e. B. Price. C. Privacy. D. Time.13. A. B &B places. B. Flats. C. Hotels. D. Youth hostels.Questions are based on the following passage.14. A. Cooperation skills. B. Reasoning skills.C. Searching skills. D. Surgery skills.15. A. Casual. B. Doubtful. C. Neutral. D. Supportive.16. A. Playing games in
18、the real world. B. Concentrating on study.C. Applying game skills to work. D. Thinking about career prospects.Questions are based on the following passage.17. A. 12%. B.40% C. 72%. D.80%.18. A. They are easy to take care of. B. They grow vigorously in gardens.C. They require specific commitment. D.
19、They are helpful for economy.19. A. It multiplies shopping trips. B. It is a waste of energy.C. It encourages fertilizer use. D. It increases the demand for plastic.20. A. Impacts and approaches of pollution.B. Founders and missions of a community.C. Benefits and problems of houseplants.D. Studies a
20、nd worries of an initiative.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us
21、e one word that best fits each blank.Lego wants your old Legos backIf you have a box of old Lego bricks sitting unused in a garage, Lego now wants them back. In a new program, consumers in the U.S. can dump old bricks in a box, print a free shipping label, and send them off to Give Back Box, a socia
22、l enterprise_11_ will clean the toys and repackage them for Teach for America and the Boys and Girls Club of Boston. “The classic Lego brick is made from a tough material_12_ (call) ABS, and the toys can be played with for decades without breaking. Its already fairly common, of course, that Legos _1
23、3_ (hand) down from one child to another.” says Tim Brooks, vice president of corporate responsibility at Lego Group.The company looked for a partner that could process the used toys while_14_ (maintain) Legos standard of quality. “We want to make sure that all kids are getting a great experience,”
24、he says. “You shouldnt get a really inferior experience _15_ the bricks are donated. If the program goes well,” Brooks says, it _16_ expand.He sees it_17_ one version of the circular economy, a system of keeping materials in use-and argues that the toys themselves illustrate the idea of the circular
25、 economy. “You can build a rocket and then you can take _18_ apart and build a ship, or a car, or a house, or _19_ you like,” Brooks says. As toys are reused, thats another circular system. We intend_20_ (show) that great quality toys like Lego can be used in lots of repeating circles-used, reused,
26、donated, used, reused, donated.”【答案】11. that/which 12. called 13. are handed 14. maintaining 15. although 16. may/might 17. as 18. it/that 19. whatever 20. to show【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新项目，项目的目的是重复利用像乐高这样高质量的玩具。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这个新项目中，美国的消费者可以将旧砖块倒进箱子里，打印上免费送货标签，然后把他们送去Give Back Box，这是一个社会企业，会清理这些玩具，为
27、美国和波士顿男孩女孩俱乐部重新打包。分析句子可知，空白处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是a social enterprise，从句用关系代词that/which引导，故填that/which。【12题详解】考查过去分词。句意：经典的乐高积木由坚硬的材料制作，被称为ABS，这些玩具可以玩几十年不坏。分析句子可知，is made是句子的谓语，call要用非谓语形式；call与逻辑主语material 间是被动关系，用过去分词做后置定语，故填called。【13题详解】考查动词语态。句意：当然，把乐高从一个孩子传给另一个孩子也相当常见。分析句子可知，空白处做谓语；hand与Legos是被动关系，要用b
28、e done；文章用的一般现在时态，且主语是Legos，故填are handed。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个公司在寻找合作伙伴，可以在维持乐高质量的同时，加工这些用过的玩具。分析句子可知，could process是句子的谓语，maintain要用非谓语形式；maintain与逻辑主语a partner间是主动关系，用现在分词（doing）。故填maintaining。【15题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管积木是捐赠的，但你不应该有太糟糕的体验。此处表示转折，意为“尽管”，故填although。【16题详解】考查情态动词。句意：如果项目顺利，Brooks说它也许会扩大。空白处
29、表“可能、也许”，用情态动词may/might。故填may/might。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：他把它看成循环经济的一个版本，一种保持材料使用的体系，他认为玩具本身阐释了循环经济的概念。空白处表“作为”，as做介词解时，意为“作为”。故填as。【18题详解】考查代词。句意：你可以造火箭，然后把它拆开了造轮船、车或者房子，或者任何你喜欢的东西。分子句子可知，空白处指代前面的a rocket，可以用it/that。故填it/that。【19题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：你可以造火箭，然后把它拆开了造轮船、车或者房子，或者任何你喜欢的东西。分析句子可知，空白处引导宾语从句，做build和lik
30、e的宾语，意为“任何事物”，故填whatever。【20题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们打算展示的是，高质量的玩具，比如乐高，可用于许多循环使用中，使用、重复使用，捐赠，再使用，重复使用，捐赠。intend to do是固定搭配，因为“打算做”。故填to show。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. bac
31、kup B. borderlines C. breathlessly D. connectivity E. deskbound F. divorcingG. functions I. presence H. interrupting J.reluctantly K.updateHow to work from homeThere are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accom
32、modate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and _21_ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before _22_ completely from the office, check with
33、your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your companys internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure youve tested it and th
34、at it _23_ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) _24_ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet _25_. I make sure that if the wireless internet in my home office fails, I can still connect seamlessly through my smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi
35、hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless attribute a remote employee needs to succeed. Do _26_ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure theyre installed and you know
36、how to use them, and make your _27_ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set _28_ if youre working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid _29_ unless its important.Find time to go for short walks to help ins
37、pire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being _30_, but its important to make activity a habit.【答案】21. C 22. F 23. G 24. A 25. D 26. K 27. I 28. B 29. H 30. E【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样在家工作给出了一些建议。【21题详解】考查副词。句意：因
38、为几乎每一个行业都有更多的公司，能容纳越来越多希望避免交通堵塞和办公室冷餐的雇员。对找工作的人而言，远程工作已经变成了一种越来越简单和令人吃惊地实用的选择。practical是形容词，用副词修饰；breathlessly是副词，意为“气喘吁吁地，令人目瞪口呆地、吃惊地”，符合语境。故选C。【22题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：在完全离开办公室前，向公司IT部门和经理咨询，看你是否有远程工作需要的程序和应用软件。空白处谓语介词before之后，应该该用动词ing形式；divorce from意为“脱离”，符合句意，因此填divorcing。故选F。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：如果你连接到公司的内部
39、系统，或者通过虚拟专用网络或其他安全隧道发送电子邮件，确保你已经测试过了，而且它从你计划工作的地方起作用。分析句子可知，空白处填动词做谓语，用一般现在时态；function作动词解时，意为“起作用，正常运转”，符合语境，因此填functions。故选G。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：也要有备用计划，在你的连接受干扰时用。分析句子可知，空白处填单数名词；backup是名词，意为“后备计划”，符合语境。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：相同的建议也适用于互联网连接。根据下文可以看出，该段的主旨是网络连接，connectivity是名词，意为“连接”，符合语境，故选D。【26题详解】考查动词。句
40、意：一定要经常更新你的经理或老板。根据上下文可知，该句是说要及时更新与老板和经理的联系。update是动词，意为“更新”，故选K。【27题详解】考查名词。句意：确保它们已安装，并且你知道如何使用它们，当你有空能工作时，让你的同事知道你的出勤。下文when you are available and working说明我能出勤；presence是名词，意为“出勤、出席”，符合语境。故选I。【28题详解】考查名词。句意：设定界限。如果你在家工作，给家庭成员或者孩子解释清楚，你的工作区域禁止入内，而且除非很重要，否则他们应该避免打扰你。下文explaining to family members o
41、r children that your work area is off limits.说明在家工作是有界限的；borderline是可数名词，意为“界限”，故选B。【29题详解】考查动词。句意：设定界限。如果你在家工作，给家庭成员或者孩子解释清楚，你的工作区域禁止入内，而且除非很重要，否则他们应该避免打扰你。根据上下文，这里是说在家工作时，如果没有重要的事情，不要打扰我工作；interrupt 是动词，意为“打扰”；avoid后接动词ing形式，故选H。【30题详解】考查形容词。句意：远程工作的一个好处是，有机会过一种更积极的生活方式，而不是埋头做事的。分析句子可知，空白处与active相
42、反；deskbound是形容词，意为“埋头事务的；书呆子气的”，符合语境，故选E。III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Retailers(零售商) closed more than 9,000storesin 20
43、19. Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape “the retail _31_ .” It is easy to chalk it up to the rise of e-commerce, which has thrived while physical stores struggle. But this can be _32_. Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years, but Internet shopping still rep
44、resents only 11 percent of the entire retail sales total. Collectively, three major _33_ forces have had an even bigger impact on brick-and-mortar retail than the Internet has.To begin withwe have changed_34_ we shop - away from smaller stores like those in malls and toward stand-alone “Big Box” sto
45、res,which is a greater problem for most physical stores.Also, Rising income_35_ has left less of the nations money in the hands of the middle class, and the traditional retail stores that _36_ them have suffered. It is estimates that since 1970, the share of the nations income earned by families in
46、the middle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent. As the _37_ of income at the top rises, overall retail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money. The government reports _38_ for different income levels in the official Consumer Expendit
47、ure Survey. In the latest data, people in the top 10 percent of income _39_ almost a third of their income after taxes. People in the middle of the income distribution spent 100 percent of their income. _40_, as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top, it has meant higher sav
48、ing rates overall.Lastly, We have spent _41_ less of income on things and more on services. Since 1960, we went from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent, government statistics show. We spend more on education, entertainment, business services and all sorts of other produc
49、ts that arent _42_ in traditional retail stores. Economists debate theories of why we have _43_ to services and away from goods but no one questions that it has happened. It means that over time, retailers selling _44_ will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place.In short, the broad forc
50、es hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of _45_. Its a lesson all retailers will have to learn someday.31. A. businessB. disasterC. investmentD. strategy32. A. advancedB. confirmedC. overstatedD. undervalued33. A. economicB. legalC. physicalD. political34. A. howB. whatC.
51、whereD. why35. A. distributionB. inequalityC. levelD. tax36. A. aim atB. approve ofC. compete withD. stem from37. A. concentrationB. influenceC. securityD. source38. A. educationB. employmentC. housingD. spending39. A. concealedB. donatedC. earnedD. saved40. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. MoreoverD. Therefo
52、re41. A. cautiouslyB. intelligentlyC. proportionatelyD. prospectively42. A. availableB. insufficientC. popularD. uncommon43. A. appliedB. committedC. shiftedD. tied44. A. ideasB. patentsC. servicesD. things45. A. consumptionB. habitC. incomeD. technology【答案】31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. A
53、38. D 39. D 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就零售业面临的寒冬作了分析，指出并非是电商崛起抢占了零售业的市场份额，而是出于一些经济方面的原因。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人将这种情况称为“零售灾难”。A. business生意；B. disaster灾难；C. investment投资；D. strategy策略。根据前文描述的2019年有9000多家零售商倒闭推断，应该指的是零售界的一场灾难。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这可能是夸张了。A. advanced提前；B. confir
54、med确认；C. overstated夸大；D. undervalued低估。从下文的分析来看，网上购物并没有对零售业造成太大的影响，所以这里要表达所谓的电商威胁到了零售业是比较夸张的说法。故选C项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：三大主要的经济力量对实体零售商的影响远比网络来得大得多。A. economic经济的；B. legal合法的；C. physical生理的；D. political政治的。后文分为三部分详述了三个影响因素，显然都是经济方面的。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：首先，我们改变了购物的地点从像购物中心那样的小商店转向了独立的“大”商店，这对大多数实体
55、店来说是一个更大的问题。A. how如何；B. what什么；C. where在那里；D. why为什么。从后句破折号解释的句子来看，是在说明购物地点的改变，所以要用where来引导名词性从句表示“的地方”。故选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，收入不平等加剧，使得国家的钱越来越少地落入中产阶级手中，针对中产阶级的传统零售店也受到了影响。A. distribution贡献；B. inequality不平等；C. level等级；D. tax税收。后文中用统计数据说明了中产阶级家庭收入的占比在下降，也就是出现了不平衡的情况。故选B项。【36题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：此外，收
56、入不平等加剧，使得国家的钱越来越少地落入中产阶级手中，针对中产阶级的传统零售店也受到了影响。A. aim at针对，目的在于；B. approve of赞成；C. compete with竞争；D. stem from源于。零售商与中产阶级的关系紧密，容易推断零售商的主要客户就是中产阶级。故选A项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着收入向最顶端集中程度的上升，整体零售业受到影响，原因只是高收入人群把钱存起来的比例大得多。A. concentration集中；B. influence影响；C. security安全；D. source来源。与下文高收入人士人群把钱存起来的比例大加大可以推
57、断，这里指资金在上层阶级的集中，也与前文的收入不平衡呼应。故选A项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府在官方的消费者支出调查中报告了不同阶层的消费情况。A. education教育；B. employment雇佣；C. housing住房；D. spending消费，支出。这里与expenditure对应，指政府对于消费情况的调查。故选D项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最新数据显示，收入最高的10%的人将税后收入的近三分之一存了起来。A. concealed隐瞒；B. donated捐赠；C. earned挣；D. saved节省，保存。根据 it has meant hig
58、her saving rates overall总结的储蓄率增长可以推断，这里指高收入人士将税后收入的近三分之一存了起来。故选D项。【40题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，随着中产阶级被压榨而更多的人跃居高收入阶级，就意味着储蓄率总体变高了。A. Instead而不是；B. However然而；Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。分析语境可知，最终要得出的结论是储蓄率上升，这与前面所提的事实存在因果关系。故选D项。【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们在物品上的支出占收入的比例下降，而在服务上的支出增加。A. cautiously谨慎地；B. intelligen
59、tly智能地；C. proportionately相称地，成比例地；D. prospectively预期地。这里有在实体和服务上花销的一个对比，即存在一种相对关系。故选C项。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们把更多的钱花在了教育、娱乐、商业服务和其他各种传统零售店买不到的产品上。A. available可获取的；B. insufficient不足的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. uncommon不寻常的。前面列举的都是服务项目，与实体形成对比，这些服务都是零售店提供不了的。故选A项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济学家们在争辩为何我们都远离实物转向了服务。A. app
60、lied应用；B. committed承诺，委托；C. shifted转移，变换；D. tied系，连接。这里承接上文继续说明人们重服务轻商品的现象，即远离商品、转向服务。故选C项。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着随着时间流逝，出售实物的零售商们要想生存下去会越来越艰难。A. ideas主意；B. patents专利；C. services服务；D. things事物。与前文“less of income on things and more on services”对应，零售商们难以生存就是因为他们销售的是实物商品。故选D项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：简言之，打击零
61、售业的广泛力量更多的是经济学方面的因素，而不是技术的力量。A. consumption消费；B. habit习惯；C. income收入；D. technology技术。根据上文Collectively, three major 3 forces have had an even bigger impact on brick-and-mortar retail than the Internet has.可知，零售业的寒冬并非是网络技术发展、电商崛起造成的结果，而更多地源于经济因素。故选D项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passa
62、ges. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Katherine Jonson,winner of the presidential medial of freed
63、om,refused to be limited by society5 expectations of her gender and race while expanding the borders of humanitys reach-President Barack Obama,2015Using little more than a pencila slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise p
64、ath that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and,after Neil Armstrongs history-making moonwalk,let it return to Earth Wet throughout Mrs.Johnsons 33 years in NASAN& Flight Research Division and for decades afterward,almost no one knew her name.She was just one of those unheralded women who,
65、well before the modem feminist(女权)movement,worked as NASA mathematicians.But it was not only her gender that kept her long marginalized and long unsung Katherine Johnson,a West Virginia native,was also African-American.But over time,the work of Mrs.Johnson and her colleagues-countless calculations d
66、one mainly by hand,using slide rules,chart paper and inefficient desktop calculating machines-won them a level of acceptance that for the most competitive race.“NASA was a very professional organization,”Mrs.Johnson told The Observer of Fayetteville,N.C.,in 2010. “They didnt have time to be concerne
67、d about what color I was.”Nor,she said,did she.”I dont have a feeling of inferiority,”Mrs.Johnson said on at least one occasion.”Never had.I m as good as anybody,but no better.”To the end of her life,Mrs.Johnson refused praise for her role in sending astronauts into space,keeping them on course and
68、bringing them safely home.”I was just doing my job,”Mrs.Johnson repeatedly said so.But what a job it was-done,no less,by a woman born at a time when the odds were more likely that she would die before age 35 than even finish high school.46. The underlined word “unheralded”most probably means_.A. not
69、 adequately paidB. not previously mentionedC. not officially rewarded.D. not fast promoted47. It was _ put together that made Mrs. Johnson a miracle.A. her skin color, her gender and the facilitiesB. her gender, her intelligence and the facilitiesC. her skin color, her gender and her intelligenceD.
70、her intelligence, her skin color and the facilities48. From Mrs. Johnsons comments on NASA and her own job, we can conclude that _.A. she was confident and modestB. NASA shows no interest in staffs racesC. She was superior to most women in her ageD. NASA is professionally organized and supportive49.
71、 Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Woman Made CalculationsB. NASA Marginalized MathematiciansC. Gender Divided OrganizationsD. Mathematician Broke Barriers【答案】46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D【解析】这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了在航天事业上做出了巨大贡献的美国最杰出的数学天才之一凯瑟琳约翰逊。【46题详解】词义猜测题。根据此词前一句for decades afterward
72、,almost no one knew her name.“几十年后，几乎没有人知道她的名字。”由此推知，下文中划线词的意思是“以前未提到的”。故选B。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中Using little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 19
73、69“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊在101岁时去世，她计算出了阿波罗11号在1969年登陆月球的精确路径，”和But it was not only her gender that kept her long marginalized and long unsung Katherine Johnson,a West Virginia native,was also African-American.“然而，让长期被边缘化、默默无闻的凯瑟琳约翰逊(Katherine Johnson)成为非裔美国人的不只是她的性别。”和第三段“They didnt have
74、 time to be concerned about what color I was.”“他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。”由此可知，她的肤色，她的性别和她的智慧使约翰逊夫人成为一个奇迹。故选C。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“NASA was a very professional organization,”Mrs.Johnson told The Observer of Fayetteville,N.C.,in 2010. “They didnt have time to be concerned about what color I was.”
75、“I dont have a feeling of inferiority,”Mrs.Johnson said on at least one occasion.”Never had.I m as good as anybody,but no better.” NASA是一个非常专业组织。约翰逊告诉北卡罗来纳州费耶特维尔的观察家报在2010年。“他们没有时间去关心我是什么肤色。“我没有自卑感。”约翰逊至少有一次这样说过。“从来没有。我和别人一样好，但也好不到哪去。”由此可知，从约翰逊夫人对NASA和她自己工作的评论中，可知她是自信而谦虚的。故选A。【49题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Usin
76、g little more than a pencil,a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country,Mrs.Johnson, who died at 101,calculated the precise path that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969“她只用了一支铅笔和一把计算尺，而她是美国最杰出的数学天才之一。约翰逊享年101岁，他计算出了阿波罗11号在1969年登陆月球的精确路径”。由此可知作者女数学家在航空事业上打破了壁垒，做出了巨大
77、贡献，所以D项为最佳标题。故选D。(B)our mission our supporters about usFrequently Asked QuestionsWhat is “UNICEF”?UNICEF is the United Nations Childrens FundWhen created in 1946 to help children in war-torn Europe, China and the Middle East, UNICEF stood for “United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund”.
78、In 1947, UNICEF USA was founded, one year after UNICEF, to support UNICEFs lifesaving work for children.By 1953, UNICEFs task was extended to address the needs of children in the developing world. At that time, the words “international” and “emergency” were dropped from the organizations name, makin
79、g it simply the United Nations Childrens Fund. UNICEF has helped save more childrens lives than any other humanitarian organization.What is UNICEF USAs mission?We work for the survival, protection and development of children worldwide through fund raising, advocacy and education.How can I volunteer
80、for UNICEF in the field?UNICEF secures volunteers, who must have at least a Bachelors Degree and two-to-five years experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills, through the United Nations Volunteers program.If you are a citizen of the United States and meet the above standards, send your
81、 resume to the United Nations Volunteers program at the following address for more information: United Nations Volunteers, c/o Peace Corps, 1111 20th St.N.W, Washington, DC 20526.If you are interested in volunteering within the United States, click here to learn how.May I donate non-cash goods for e
82、mergency relief?Some have asked us about donating goods here in the U.S. for emergency relief efforts abroad. While we are grateful for the desire to help, UNICEF does not accept non-cash goods. Why?Financial donations are the fastest and most efficient way to provide assistance. Donated goods must
83、be screened, sorted, stored and transported. UNICEF pre-positions supplies to speed up delivery and sources them locally whenever possible. A blanket donated today can take weeks, or even months, to arrive abroad. A dollar donated today, however, will be arranged tomorrow to buy lifesaving supplies.
84、We also purchase supplies in large quantities to save money. That means your financial donation will get more supplies to more kids in need than your donation of non-cash goods.50. Which of the following statements is true of UNICEF USA?A. It no longer provides emergency fund.B. It is localized to f
85、ocus on national affairs.C. It was originally created for kids education.D. It supports children growth at home and abroad.51. If you want to be a UNICEF USA volunteer,_ is NOT a must.A. required education backgroundB. related working experienceC. American nationalityD. educational program participa
86、tion52. Financial donation is a better choice than non-cash goods because of_.A. the good willB. operational efficiencyC. local assistanceD. the reliable supply【答案】50. D 51. D 52. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会)的相关问题：由来，使命以及谈到要在UNICEF从事志愿者的要求和能否捐赠非现金的物品等内容。【50题详解】细节理解题。根据题干关键词 UNICEF USA，
87、定位文章第二段In 1947, UNICEF USA was founded, one year after UNICEF, to support UNICEFs lifesaving work for children.可知，1947年，联合国儿童基金会美国分会成立，比联合国儿童基金会晚一年，旨在支持联合国儿童基金会拯救儿童生命的工作。由第二个黑体字关于 UNICEF USA的介绍了解到其使命是通过筹款、宣传和教育，为全世界儿童的生存、保护和发展而努力。结合选项理解可知，只有D项符合文章意义。故选D项。【51题详解】细节理解题。由题干关键词to be a UNICEF USA volunte
88、er，可以回归文章第三个黑体字所在的段落。本段涉及到如何做志愿者的细节。根据本段中have at least a Bachelors Degree (教育背景)two-to-five years experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills(从业经历)If you are a citizen of the United States and meet the above standards(国籍)可知，是满足做志愿者的三个要求。结合选项，只有D 项未提到。故选D项。【52题详解】细节理解题。题干问捐款比非现金物品更好的原因，文
89、章第四个黑体字主要讲能否捐赠非现金物品的相关细节。根据其后第二段：While we are grateful for the desire to help, UNICEF does not accept non-cash goods.Why? 第三段：Financial donations are the fastest and most efficient way to provide assistance.可知，财政捐赠是提供援助的最快最有效的方式。结合选项，只有选项B符合。故选B项。【点睛】做阅读理解题，找准题干的关键词为定位文章答案起到了事半功倍的作用。关键词通常是题干中的名词、名词短
90、语以及问题的疑问词，理解了关键词，题干也就容易了。进而结合选项找出和文章意义一致的选项。如第2小题，由题干关键词to be a UNICEF USA volunteer，可以回归文章第三个黑体字所在的段落。本段涉及到如何做志愿者的细节。根据本段中have at least a Bachelors Degree (教育背景)two-to-five years experience in their field of expert knowledge and skills(从业经历)If you are a citizen of the United States and meet the abo
91、ve standards(国籍)可知，是满足做志愿者的三个要求。结合选项，只有D 项未提到。故选D项。(C)Scientists in Antarctica have recorded,for the first time,unusually warm water beneath a glacier (冰川)the size of Florida that is already melting and contributing to a rise in sea levels.The researchers,working on the Thwaites Glacier,recorded wat
92、er temperatures at the base of the ice of more than 2,above the normal freezing point.Critically,the measurements were taken at the glaciers grounding line,the area where it transforms from resting wholly on bedrock to spreading out on the sea as ice shelves.It is unclear how fast the glacier is get
93、ting worse:Studies have forecast its total collapse in a century or in a few decades.The presence of warm water in the grounding line may support estimates at the faster range.That is worthy of attention because the Thwaites,along with the Pine Island Glacier and several smaller glaciers, acts as a
94、brake on part of the much larger West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which , if melted, would raise the worlds oceans by more than a meter over centuries,an amount that would put many coastal cities underwater.“Warm waters in this part of the world,as remote as they may seem,should serve as a warning to all o
95、f us about the potential terrible changes to the planet brought about by climate change,” said David Holland, director of New York Universitys Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.Glaciologists have previously raised alarm over the presence of warm water melting the Thwaites from below.This is th
96、e first time,though,that warm waters have been measured at the glaciers grounding line.To observe activity beneath the glacier,Dr.Hollands team drilled a hole -about 30 centimeters wide and 600 meters deep-from the surface to the bottom and then placed equipment that measures water temperature and o
97、cean turbulence,or the mixing of freshwater from the glacier and salty ocean water.Collecting the data took about 96 hours in subzero weather.Warm waters beneath the Thwaites are actively melting it, the team found.While scientists may not yet be able to definitively predict how soon glaciers like t
98、he Thwaites will melt, human-caused climate change is a key factor.The biggest predictor of “how much ice we will lose and how quickly we will lose it,”Dr.Holland said,”is human action.”53. What does warm water found in the glaciers grounding line indicate?A. Sea levels should be remeasured.B. It ma
99、y take a century for the glacier to melt.C. The grounding line is getting shorter.D. The glacier might disappear sooner54. The Thwaites and other glaciers are important because _.A. they hold back iceB. they are extremely largeC. they are located at bedrocksD. they are collapsing55. What can be infe
100、rred from the passage about the researchers viewpoints?A. We can predict how much ice can be kept.B. Human beings are to blame for the loss of ice.C. Glaciers serve a more important purpose than expected.D. More data needs to be collected to support the estimates.56. What is the passage mainly about
101、?A. The efforts made to avoid the presence of warm water.B. The alarm voiced on the worsening situation of glaciers.C. The tools employed to measure the temperature of Antarctica.D. The prediction based on a scientific study of the grounding line.【答案】53. D 54. A 55. B 56. B【解析】本文是说明文。科学家在南极洲第一次在冰川的接
102、地线上测量到水温超过2，高于正常冰点。 温暖的海水对人类发出了警告。【53题详解】细节理解题。第二段中提到研究斯Thwaites冰川的研究人员记录了冰层底部的水温超过2，高于正常冰点；根据第二段中“It is unclear how fast the glacier is getting worse: Studies have forecast its total collapse in a century or in a few decades.（目前还不清楚冰川恶化的速度有多快：研究预测冰川将在一个世纪或几十年内完全崩塌。）”可知，在冰川的接地线上发现的温暖的海水表明冰川可能在一个世纪或几
103、十年内会更快消失。故选D项。【54题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“the Thwaites,along with the Pine Island Glacier and several smaller glaciers, acts as a brake on part of the much larger West Antarctic Ice Sheet,which if melted,would raise the worlds oceans by more than a meter over centuries.（因为Thwaites、松岛冰川和几个较小的冰川，对更大的南极西部冰盖起到阻
104、拦的作用。而如果南极西部冰盖融化的话，几个世纪，海平面就会上升了一米多）”。因此，Thwaites冰川和其他的冰川的作用很重要因为它们阻拦了一部分南极西部冰盖。故选A项。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“human-caused climate change is a key factor. ” 和“how much ice we will lose and how quickly we will lose it,”Dr.Holland said,”is human action.”虽然科学家们可能还不能确切地预测冰川会以多快的速度融化，但人类造成的气候变化是一个关键因素。因此可以
105、推断，研究者们认为人类应该为冰川的消失负责任。故选B项。【56题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了科学家在南极洲第一次在冰川的接地线上测量到海水的水温超过2，高于正常冰点。根据第四段中“Warm waters in this part of the world,should serve as a warning to all of us about the potential terrible changes to the planet brought about by climate change,” 科学家们指出，温暖的海水应该对我们所有人发出警告，让我们知道气候变化可能给地球带来可怕
106、的后果；并且指出，人类造成的气候变化是一个关键因素。因此文章是关于日益恶化的冰川情况对人类提出的警告。故选B项。Section CDirections: Read the following. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Framing riskreducing panicFor four decades,psychologi
107、sts have studied how people see risk and what causes them to overreact to terrorist attacks and other extreme events.Those misplaced reactions can lead to the shame of people and prevention of daily activities,causing a new set of problems on top of a current crisis._57_Timely,honest communication f
108、rom a source an audience considers credible is essential to containing fear,but governments have the tough job of explaining risk and telling people how to act without also seeding alarm._58_Messages may be more helpful when delivered in creative formats.Visuals are very powerful.We cant just tell p
109、eople things,we have to show them.When people are using the more primary part of their brain,visuals are more powerful than our higher order tools, including language._59_ People can understand just about anything if you do your job right as a communicator.That includes keeping it simple and communi
110、cating what people need to know,versus what is nice to know,expressing risk in numbers-”theres a 30 percent chance of rain”-and reminding people of the opportunity cost of waiting for more evidence.Psychologists working in the field of risk communication assume we have too much control through our m
111、essaging._60_A. Research has shown that different threats push different psychological buttons.B. Its also important that the content and tone of communications speak to the intended audience.C. Giving people concrete, detailed actions to take can help reduce panic and overreaction when a new threat
112、 emerges.D. In response, psychologists are helping governments and other groups communicate real risk levels to the public to help make sure actions meet needs.E. The discipline is very straightforward: Identify the few things that people most need to know and figure out how to explain them in clear
113、, trustworthy terms.F. We need to step back and allow for high emotions and missteps by people as long as we help them make well-informed decisions that eventually protect them.【答案】57. D 58. E 59. B 60. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了疫情之下，政府和有关部门如何正确地向大众传达风险，从而减少恐慌。【57题详解】空前说心理学家一直在研究人们如何看待风险，以及是什么导致他们对恐怖袭击和其他极端事
114、件反应过度，那些错误的反应会严重他们的日常生活，从而引发一系列新的问题，此处承接上文，讲的是心理学家对这种情况的应对办法，故D项（作为回应，心理学家正在帮助政府和其他组织向公众传达真实的风险水平，以确保行动符合需要）符合语境。【58题详解】空前说政府面临着艰巨的任务，即在不引起恐慌的前提下向人们解释风险并告诉他们如何行动，此处承接上文，讲的是政府应该采取的正确做法，故E项（这个原则非常简单：找出人们迫切需要知道的几件事，并想清楚如何用清晰、可信的措辞解释它们）符合语境。【59题详解】空后说只要你把沟通者的角色做好了，人们几乎可以理解任何事情，这说明以适合大众的方式向人们传达疫情信息也很重要，故
115、B项（契合目标受众的传播内容和语气也同样重要）符合语境。【60题详解】空前说从事风险沟通领域的心理学家认为，我们通过信息传递有太多的控制力，此处承接这一话题，讲的是在向传递风险信息时，我们应该采取的争取的做法秉持包容的态度，故F项（只要我们帮助人们做出明智的决定，最终保护他们，我们就需要退后一步，允许他们情绪高涨和犯错）符合语境。IV. Summary Writing61.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more
116、than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Does your memory fail as you age?Im 62 years old. Like many of my friends, I forget names that I used to be able to recall effortlessly. When packing my suitcase for a trip. I walk to the bedroom and by the time I get there, I dont remember what
117、I came for. And yet my long-term memories are perfect. I remember the names of my third-grade classmates, the first record album I bought, my wedding day.This is widely understood to be a classic problem of aging. But the problem is not necessarily age-related Ive been teaching undergraduates for my
118、 entire career and I can prove that even 20-year-olds make short-term memory errors loads of them. They walk into the wrong classroom; they show up to exams without the required No. 2 pencil; they forget something I just said two minutes before. These are similar to the kinds of things 70-year-olds
119、do.The relevant difference is not age but rather how we describe these events, the stories we tell ourselves about them. Twenty-year-olds dont think, “Oh dear, this must be early-onset Alzheimer (早老性痴呆症).” They think, “I really need to get more than four hours of sleep.” The 70-year-olds observe the
120、se same events and worry about their brain health. This is to say that every error of short-term memory doesnt necessarily indicate a biological disorder.So how do we account for our subjective experience that older adults seem to search for words and names with difficulty? First, there is a general
121、ized cognitive (认知的) slowing with age-but given a little more time, older adults perform just fine. Second, older adults have to search through more memories than younger adults to find the fact or piece of information theyre looking for. Your brain becomes crowded with memories and information. Its
122、 not that you cant remember you can its just that there is so much more information to sort through. _【答案】The author thinks that short-term memory failure, which both old and young suffer from, isnt necessarily age-related, though different age groups find different reasons for it. The old seem to h
123、ave a poorer short-term memory because of natural cognitive slowing and too much information to search for.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述老年人和年轻人都会患有的短期记忆障碍，并不一定与年龄有关。【详解】符合概要写作的常规思路：总结文章的中心思想，并且主要说明了老年人短期记忆较差的原因。用到的词汇有：short-term memory failure, because of, search for等；并且用到了非限制性定语从句：The author thinks that
124、short-term memory failure, which both old and young suffer from, isnt necessarily age-related, though different age groups find different reasons for it.使结构更加严谨。对文章的中心思想分析的透彻，概括全面，结构严谨。【点睛】首先，该考生对文章理解比较准确，涵盖了全部要点。其次，准确的使用了语法结构和词汇，文中几乎没有语法问题。再次，完全使用自己的语言，语言流畅，结构严谨。并且文章还用到了长难句，显示出很高的英语水平。V. Translatio
125、nDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.62. 这位诗人的作品以天马行空而著称。(famous)_63. 越来越多的旅游公司开始涉足自助游项目的开发。(involve)_64. 在全球教育市场上,美国和英国仍占主导地位,但中国正在快速迎头赶上。(the lead)_65. 我们所需要的是这样的科学家,他们能用通俗的语言解释复杂的问题,并且敢于就重要的事情提出自己的见解。(What)_【答案】62. The poets works are
126、famous for their wild imagination/free/unrestricted/ unlimited style. 63. More and more travel agencies are getting involved in the development of self-guided/DIY/independent tours. 64. In the global education market, the US and the UK still take the lead, but China is catching up at a fast pace. 65
127、. What we need are scientists who are able to explain complicated problems in plain words and have the courage to voice their opinions on important matters.【解析】【分析】【62题详解】考查形容词的用法。分析句子可知，短语意思为“以而著称”，并且使用famous进行造句，联想到使用短语be famous for。主语是这位诗人的作品，天马行空可以通过意译来表达，故翻译为：The poets works are famous for thei
128、r wild imagination/free/unrestricted/ unlimited style.【63题详解】考查动词和形容词的用法以及时态。分析句子可知，需要通过involve来表达“开始涉足”，我们可以使用短语get involved in。主语是越来越多的旅游公司，句子想表达现在正在产生的趋势，考虑使用现状进行时态，故翻译为：More and more travel agencies are getting involved in the development of self-guided/DIY/independent tours.【64题详解】考查动词短语的用法。分析句
129、子可知，使用the lead表达“占据主要地位”的意思，使用短语take the lead。需要使用两个主句表达，中间是转折关系，所以使用转折连词but连接2个句子，故翻译为：In the global education market, the US and the UK still take the lead, but China is catching up at a fast pace.【65题详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。分析句子可知，使用所给词What引导主语从句，并且what指代scientists,谓语动词需要使用复数形式。后半部分使用定语从句来修饰先行词scientists,
130、先行词是人并且充当从句的主语，所以使用who引导定语从句。句子中可以使用in plain words，voice their opinions on等短语来表达句意。故翻译为：What we need are scientists who are able to explain complicated problems in plain words and have the courage to voice their opinions on important matters.【点睛】翻译句子时，需要分析句子的主语，谓语，宾语等成分分别是什么，根据所给词汇找到符合句意的表达方式，同时谓语动词
131、单复数，时态等因素也要考虑在内。分析小题2的句子可知，需要通过involve来表达“开始涉足”，我们可以使用短语get involved in。主语是越来越多的旅游公司，句子想表达现在正在产生的趋势，考虑使用现状进行时态，故翻译为： More and more travel agencies are getting involved in the development of self-guided/DIY/independent tours.VI. Guided Writing66.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 wor
132、ds according to the instructions given below in Chinese.你校学生会正开展主题为“The first job I want to take”的英语征文比赛，请你撰文参加（文中请不要出现真实的校名和人名）。你的征文内容需包括：1.离开校园、步入社会后，你想从事的第一份职业是什么；2.你想从事这份职业的原因（可从个人特点、职业价值等方面进行阐述）。_【答案】The first job I want to take after graduation from college is a doctor. The reasons are as foll
133、ows.Firstly, the new coronavirus has brought suffering and misfortune to many people all over the world, which gives me the idea of being a doctor. I hope to contribute to peoples health in the future. Secondly, I am a person who likes to challenge myself. Although it is very hard to study medicine,
134、 I like the challenges it brings and make great efforts to study it well. Thirdly, as a doctor, I can eliminate the pain and relieve the discomfort of others, which will bring me a sense of accomplishment. In summary, being a doctor can realize my dream. I will study hard, enter a good medical unive
135、rsity, continue to practice and strive to become an excellent doctor.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇征文。你校学生会正开展主题为“The first job I want to take”的英语征文比赛，请你撰文参加。【详解】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点：1.离开校园、步入社会后，你想从事的第一份职业是什么；2.你想从事这份职业的原因（可从个人特点、职业价值等方面进行阐述）。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词
136、句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语及句子有：The first job I want to take after graduation from college is a doctor. The reasons are as follows. the new coronavirus，contribute to peoples health in the future，challenge myself，make great efforts，eliminate the pain and relieve the disc
137、omfort of others，a sense of accomplishment，Being a doctor can realize my dream. study hard，enter a good medical university， strive to become an excellent doctor。可以使用的衔接词：1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second And then，Finally，In the end，At last，Above all。2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，
138、Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，as well as，not onlybut (also)。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句：Firstly, the new coronavirus has brought suffering and misfortune to many people all over the world, which gives me the idea of being a
139、 doctor. Thirdly, as a doctor, I can eliminate the pain and relieve the discomfort of others, which will bring me a sense of accomplishment.这两句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；Although it is very hard to study medicine, I like the challenges it brings and make great efforts to study it well. 这句话运用了although引导的让步状语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如： as follows，contribute to，make great efforts，realize my dream。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
