1、Revision of The passive InfinitiveUnit 2 GrammarTo be,or not to be-that is the question.Hamlet 1.Obviously,to be obeyed was natural 2.to Jim.2.My brother appeared to be satisfied with the final result of the basketball match.3.It needs not to be said that they are very happy together.4.Joan is a gir
2、l easily to be frightened by5.dogs.5.At that moment,I had to shout loudlyto be heard by everyone.6.The posters were ordered to be printed immediately.7.The manager ordered the posters to be printed immediately.8.Look,they are waiting for the door to be opened.9.Make sure that you know what is to be
3、done.不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。不定式被动式讲与练语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。1 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词
4、表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.=I hope that Ill see you again.2 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3 进行时：强调动作已在延续或动作正在进行。They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs.He seems to be eating
5、 something.4 完成进行时：表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years.He appears to have been waiting a long time.不定式的被动形式有下列用法:(1)作主语It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.(2)作宾语She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定
6、式一般要采用被动形式。(3)构成复合宾语He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4)构成复合谓语The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.(5)作定语Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6)作状语She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有时还可以有完成
7、式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencriticized.(主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.(宾语)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party.(复合宾语)The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages.(复合谓语)She was the first woman t
8、o have been elected to such a post.(定语)三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在there be结构中。例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用to be done)There is no time to lose(to be lost).2.在“npron+be+adj+to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例
9、如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3.在“tooto do;enoughto”结构中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out(to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4.在“with+n+to do”结构中。例如：With nothing to do,he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do,I cant go to the cinema5.当不定式的
10、逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：I have a letter to type todayDo you have anything to say?(I是to type的逻辑主语)(you是to say的逻辑主语)6.当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中时。This is the best book to read(=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，hire,blame等。T
11、he house is to letI felt I was to blame.动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.NOTICE1.My ambition is _ to the university which has the most excellent sporting facilities in Beijing.A.to admit B.to be
12、admitted C.to be admitting D.to have been admitted课堂练兵2.Young as he is,he doesnt like _ as a child.A.to treat B.treating C.to be treated D.to be treating3.The professor and his fellow workers were sent there _ for the space flight.A.train B.to be training C.to have been trained D.to be trained4.Lily
13、 has been invited to a garden party _ next Saturday evening.A.to be held B.to hold C.to be holding D.to have been held5.Jack is reported _ chairman of the trade union by all members.A.to choose B.to have been chosen C.to be choosing D.to be chosen6.Is Mary still studying?Im afraid not.She is said _
14、the classroom already.A.to be left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to have left7.Do let your parents know all the truth.They appear _ everything.A.to have been told B.to tell C.to be telling D.to be told1.It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.(2006 江西卷)A.to m
15、ake B.to be made C.making D.being made2.Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006 上海卷)A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making3.When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.(2007 江西卷)A.training B.being train
16、ed C.to have trained D.to be trained4.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.(2007 浙江卷)A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard 5.I feel greatly honored _ into their society.(2008 北京卷)A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed6.The message is ve
17、ry important,so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.(2008 陕西卷)A.to be sent B.to send C.being sent D.sending7.We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.(2009 山东卷)A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding8.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.(2010 全
18、国I卷)A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had made1.The dishes need 2.The mail is intendedSentence Makingwashsendto be washed.to be sent.3.The singer refused4.The house isphotographsellto be photographed.to be sold.5.The wall is expectedpaintto be painted.frighten6.The bird seemsto be frightened
19、.1.She hates _ by her classmates.2.Tim refused _ by his father to school.3.She struggled _ by the French visitors.to be accompaniedto be understoodFill in the blanks.accompany understand envylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at4.These are the issues _ tomorrow.5.The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6.She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met.to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss test
