1、动 名 词一、动名词的形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、功能及用法1动名词（短语）做主语，如：Writing the book has taken up all his spare time.Seeing is believing.注：动名词（短语）做主语还常用于下列结构：a.Its no use sending him over.Its too late already.Its no good talking a lot without doing anything.Its a waste of time
2、arguing about it.b.Theres no joking about such matters.Theres no saying what hell be doing next.Theres no telling what hes going to do.注：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如：Its no use crying over spilt milk.(抽象)He realized that to go on like t
3、his was no use.(具体)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换：a.当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.b.动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing 例如：Its no good waiting here.Lets walk
4、home.Its no use going there today;he wont be at home.而在Its important /Its necessary /Its advisable 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：Its important to learn foreign languages.Its quite necessary to read it many times.2动名词（短语）作表语，如：Their job is building houses.3动名词（短语）用作宾语的情况很多，如：We all avoided mentioning that matter.能用
5、动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid,admit,consider,delay,advise,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,give up,cant help,imagine,keep(on),mind,miss,practise,put off,stop,go on,suggest等，如：Mary is considering changing her job.I enjoy working with you.Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?另一类是既可以用动名词，又可
6、以用不定式作宾 语 的 动 词，其 中 有：begin,cannot bear,continue,forget,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,propose,regret,remember,start,try,want,need等。上述动词尽管可以带两种结构作宾语，但用法不尽相同，需要注意下列几个情况：A.在begin,start,cease,continue,cannot bear,hate,like,love,prefer,propose 等动词后，两种结构意义无大的出入，如：She cant bear being laughed at/to be l
7、aughed at.B.在need,want,require等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：The door needs painting/to be painted.C.有几个动词既能带ing,也能带不定式当宾语,但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：remember,forget,regret,try,mean remember doing&Remember to do1.I remember seeing him before.回想往事2.When you pass the post office,remem
8、ber to post the letter for me.记得将要做某事forgot to do&forget doing1.I forgot to close the door before I left the room.因忘而没有做某事2.I forgot having closed the door.已做了某事却忘记了1.I regret not taking your advice.(后悔已做了某事)2.I regret to tell you you failed in the exam.“(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)regret doing®ret to do 1.
9、Ill try(my best)to pass the exam.尽力2.You always go to school by bike,why not try going to school by bus?尝试另一方法,试探比较try to do&try doing1.I meant to help you.打算,希望,想要2.Saying so means saying nothing.意思是,等于mean to do&mean doing 动名词（短语）还常常跟在短语动词之后，作介词的宾语。常见的有：insist on/think of/dream of/prevent from/kee
10、p from/stop from/feel like/be engaged in/look forward to/depend on/thank for/excuse for/devote to/spend in/get(be)used to /be fond of/be afraid of/be tired of/succeed in/be interested in/be proud of/give up 等，.如：He insisted on seeing us home.Are you interested in going to the show?Im thinking of goi
11、ng to town this afternoon.I dont feel like eating anything.She is afraid of falling behind the others.He finally got tired of doing office work4 动 名 词（短 语）可 以 和 about,against,at,before,after,by,for,besides,from,in,on,upon,without等介词构成短语，在句中作状语，如：They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news.He warne
12、d me against swimming there.She left without saying good-bye to us.about accepting the gift.They were surprised at your doing that.5动名词（短语）可以和介词构成短语作定语，如：He hasnt much experience in running factories.Whats their reason for canceling the English evening?He has little hope of passing his examinations.
13、Im glad to have this opportunity of coming to visit your country.6动名词还可以作定语，如：singing competition swimming pool dining hall opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method三、动名词的完成形式与被动形式三、动名词的完成形式与被
14、动形式动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：They are all interested in climbing mountains.He took a great delight in helping others.如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I dont remember having ever promised you that.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，如：This question is far from being settled.He did it without being asked.They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.He didnt mind being left at home.They couldnt stand being treated like that.
