1、.社会交往一、问候1.基本用语:1)见面问候：Good morning.Hello/Hi.2)代向某人问候：Best wishes/regards to sb.=give ones regards to sb.=give ones best regards to sb.3)替某人向问好：say“Hi/Hello”to sb.from sb.=give ones regards to sb.Please remember me to.回答：I will.Thanks.4)How do you do?(初次见面)How do you do?How are you?(比较熟悉的人)Fine,than
2、k you.And you?/Very well,thank you.How are you getting along with.?Everything is fine!How are you doing?Im just great!How is everything?Very well,thank you!How is your vacation/holiday/weekend?Not bad!Whats up?Couldnt be better,thank you!Whats going on?Just soso.2.注意要点：1)“How are you?”用于询问对方的身体情况，可根
3、据实际情况回答，如：Fine/Very well,thank you.(very)good不能用来表示身体健康。假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说“Not too well,Im afraid.”2)对于不认识的人，想要他(或她)停下的说法：Hey,Sir/Madam！或Just a moment,Sir/Madam.3)与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(或她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。二、介绍1.基本用语:1)This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/.May I introduce you to.?Id like you to meet.2)How do you do?N
4、ice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you.Nice meeting you.3)My name is.Im a.(student/teacher,etc.)May I know your name?2.注意要点:1)“Nice to meet you.”与“Nice to see you.”有一点区别：前者是初次见面被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语(认识你很高兴)；后者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇。两者回答用语与问候语相同。2)“Nice to meet you.”表示初次见面时的问候，而“Nice meeting you.”则是初次见面告别时的
5、用语。三、告别1基本用语:1)直接的告别语有：Goodbye/Byebye/Bye！See you(tomorrow)！See you later!Farewell!Good night.2)委婉的告别语有：Id like to say goodbye to everyone.Im calling to say goodbye.Im afraid I must be leaving/off now.I think its time for us to leave now.3)其他带有祝愿以及叮嘱等意义的告别语：Ill look forward to seeing you soon.Lets h
6、ope well meet again.Hope to see you again.Drop in anytime you like.2.注意要点:告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：Im afraid I must be off/going now.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Get in touch.)、要对方保重身体(Take care.)、问候对方家人(Please send my best regards to your family.)等。四、感谢基本用语:1)感谢用语：Thank you very much.Thanks a lot.Many thanks.Th
7、anks for.Its very kind of you to.I appreciate your help.Thank you all the same.Its most thoughtful of you.I dont know how to express my thanks.2)答语：Not at all.Thats all right/OK.Youre welcome.Its really nothing.Dont mention it.五、道歉1.基本用语:1)道歉用语：Im sorry.Im sorry for/about.Im sorry to do.Im sorry to
8、have done.Excuse/Pardon me(for.)Please forgive me for.Sb.be afraid that.What a pity/shame!Its a pity that.2)答语：It is not important.Its quite all right.Never mind.It doesnt matter(at all).Not at all.Its nothing.Thats nothing.Please dont worry.Its nothing to worry about.Dont mention it.Thats okay.Dont
9、 let it bother you.2.注意要点:1)“Excuse me”常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。(即：在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人注意)打扰别人为“劳驾”；请求别人让路、向别人问路、打听消息意为“对不起，请问”。回答时说：Yes?2)“Sorry.”说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能满足他人要求而表示歉意。3)“I beg your pardon?”表示听话人未能听清楚他人所说的话，希望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法，“麻烦再说一遍”。
10、4)“Im sorry to hear it/that.”则是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸表示遗憾。六、邀请1.基本用语:1)Would you come to.?Would you like to.?Id like to invite you to.2)Yes,Id love/be glad/happy to(.)Ill be glad to.Of course.Yes,its very kind/nice of you.Yes,great.Sure.Yes,with pleasure.3)Id love to,but.Im sorry,but I cant.2.注意要点:1)接受他人
11、邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢：Yes,Id love to.Yes,its very kind/nice of you.Yes,with pleasure.2)如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说：I will if I can.Its very kind of you to invite me,but Im not sure if I can come.3)拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No，而要婉言谢绝(通常会说明理由)，并要声明自己是愿意接受“邀请”的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。常用：Id like to,but Im too busy.I really enjoy it,but Iv
12、e got to go now.I wish I could accept your invitation,but Im afraid I dont have time to go.Thank you for your kindness,but Ive got an appointment at that time.七、祝愿和祝贺基本用语：1)Best wishes to you!I wish you good health.Good luck!Good luck with.Wish you success！May you success/succeed!2)Merry Christmas！3
13、)Congratulations(on.)！Well done!4)Enjoy your vacation!Enjoy your stay in China.八、提供帮助基本用语：1)提供帮助：Can/Could/Shall I help you?What can I do for you?Is there anything(else)I can do for you?Would you like to.?Can you do me a favor?2)接受帮助：That would be nice/fine.Thats very kind of you.Thank you for your
14、help.Yes,please.Here,take this/my.九、打电话1.基本用语:Hello！May I speak to.?Hello！Is.in?May/Could I speak to.?Is that.(speaking)?Hold on,please.Hello,who is it/that?He/She isnt here right now.Can I take a message for you?This is.speaking.2.注意要点:代接电话的人叫某人接电话时，先对打电话的人说：Hold on,please.Just a minute,please.然后叫人
15、接电话：You are wanted on the phone.Theres a call for you.十、就餐基本用语:What would you like(to have).?Would you like something(to eat/drink)?Help yourself to some.Let me give you.Make yourself at home.Id like.A cake/Two eggs,please.Yes,please.Just a little,please.Ive had enough.Im full,thank you.No,thanks.Ca
16、n I have the bill,please?Its my treat this time.Ill pay.Lets go Dutch this time.Waiter!The bill,please.十一、就医听到自己的亲人、朋友或熟人等谈到有关身体健康的问题时，如“I think I have a bad cold.”如果是朋友，回答“Im sorry to hear that.”或“Youd better see a doctor.”如果是说给医生听，医生需用“Take it easy.”来回答。1)医生询问病人的用语：Whats the matter with you?Whats
17、wrong with you?2)病人应答语：Theres something wrong with my back.I have a headache/My head aches.I have got a cough.I have got a pain here.It hurts here and there.I dont feel well today.3)医生诊断、提建议及安慰用语：Let me take your temperature.Its nothing serious.Youd better ask for a leave and have a rest for a few d
18、ays.Drink more water and have a good rest.Take these pills 3 times a day.十二、提醒注意Dont forget your raincoat.Remember to lock the door.Make sure that all the windows are closed.No Smoking!No Spitting!Look out!Be careful!Wet floor!Dont touch!Its dangerous!Keep off!Wet paint!十三、建议与劝告以建议或者劝告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于
19、直接命令，因为说话人只是提出建议，而把做与不做的决定权留给听话人。对于他人提出的建议和忠告，若认为可以接受，要表示赞赏或感谢。在拒绝对方的建议时，一般要给出理由。基本用语：1)I advise you(not)to.Youd better(not).I suggest that you(should).Why not.?Why dont you do.?How/What about doing.?Shall we.?Lets.2)Yes,I suppose so.Yes,but dont you think.?Thats great.Thats a good idea.Why not?3)Th
20、ats impossible,but thank you all the same.Its not our fault.Im afraid I cant do that.Im afraid I cant follow your advice.情感一、高兴Im glad/pleased/happy to.Thats nice/wonderful/great.How wonderful/nice!二、惊奇Really?/Is that so?Oh dear！/My God！Good heavens!/Thank Goodness！I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.
21、三、忧虑Whats wrong?Whats the matter(with you)?Is there anything wrong?Oh,what shall I do?We were all anxious about.四、满意Good!Well done!Perfect!Thats fine.Thats better.Thats good enough.Im pleased with五、遗憾Im so sorry!Its a great pity!What a shame!Thats too bad!I wish I had never given it up.If I had been
22、 there,he would not have made such a serious mistake.六、同情Im so sorry!Im so sorry about your illness.Im sorry to hear you are going away.Please accept my deep sympathy.态度一、同意与不同意当对方提出某种观点、意见或请求时，要表示恰当而具体的态度。要有明确答复。1.同意：Certainly/Sure/Of course.All right.Yes,I think so.Thats true.Good!Excellent!What a
23、 good idea!It couldnt be better.Thats a good idea.Its a good idea that.I agree(with you).Thats the right thing to do.2.不同意：No,I dont think so.Im afraid not.Im afraid I(really)cant agree with you.Its not very nice.I dont think that is a good idea.Personally,I feel that its unwise.What a terrible idea
24、!No way!二、肯定与不肯定对某件事情的真实性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英语中常用sure,certain,doubt等词或may,might,must等情态动词表达。May,might具有试探性，must表示一种逻辑推断的必然。此外，为了增强客气的口吻，表示不肯定时可以伴随一些表示遗憾、担忧或歉意的表达方式。三、可能与不可能He may.It is possible that.It is likely that.He is not likely to do/that.It looks as if/though it might rain later.It appears to me tha
25、t well have to go on foot.I doubt that.Thats/Its quite impossible.Its very unlikely.Thats hardly possible.Thatll never happen.四、偏爱与爱好Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?I prefer tea to coffee.Id like to go by train.My favorite subject is physics.Id rather drink coffee than tea.五、意愿与打算当希望别人做某事或者不愿意让别人做
26、某事，或者表达自己的一种希望、愿望时需要恰当用词，这样才能准确地传达自己的意图。Im going to.I will.I would like to.I feel like.I(do not)wish/want/hope to.I wish that.I intend/mean/plan to.Im ready to.I would rather not tell you.I would do it if I should have the chance.If only I could see him.六、征求或表达意见在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在对方干得比较出色时
27、，要多加鼓励。如Well done!Good job!Quite perfect!等。如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：in my opinion,as I see it,so far as I know,personally speaking等。交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。1.考查习惯应答语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物、感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语。用英美人的思维方式，遵循习惯进行回答。常见回答用语主要有以下几个方面
28、：1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure./Yes,help yourself./No problem./Good idea./Sorry,but/Id rather you/Thank you,but/No way./Forget it.等。2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：Thats all right./You are welcome./Dont mention it./It is my pleasure(My pleasure)./Not at all.等。3)常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind./It doesnt matter./Not at a
29、ll./Thats all right./That is nothing.等。4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Good luck!/Best wishes to you!/Have a nice time!/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Thank you./The same to you.等。2.考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。3.考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度
30、和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose,believe)so./Yes,Im afraid so.对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说：No,I dont think(suppose)so./No,I dont believe so./No,I believe(suppose)not./No,I hope not./No,I am afraid not.1.【2015天津】4.Jack,you seem excited._?I won the first prize A.Guess what B.So what C.Pardon
31、me D.Who cares【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。句意：杰克，你看起来很兴奋。猜猜看？我在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。A猜猜看；B那又怎么样；C请问刚才你说的什么；D.谁管它呢。根据句意可知选A。本题考査日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句“I won the first prize”就不难选出正确答案。2.【2015重庆】5.I can drive you home._,but are you sure its not too much trouble?A.That would be great B.Dont bother C.Im af
32、raid not D.Take care【答案】A 【解析】考查交际用语。句意：我载你回家。太好了，但你确定没给添麻烦吗？根据 are you sure its not too much trouble?可知表示同意，故选A项。3.【2015安徽】35.How is your table tennis these days?Still playing?_.I just dont seem to find the time these days.A.Thats rightB.No,not much C.Thats great D.Dont worry【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：你的乒乓
33、球练得怎样了？还在练习吗？没怎么练。我现在似乎没有时间练习。A是的,没错;B没,没怎么打;C真棒;D别担心。故选B。4.【2015江苏】33.Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?Well,you know hes _.A.an early bird B.a wet blanket C.a lucky dog D.a tough nut【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会？你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A项“早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人)”；B项“扫兴的人或物”；C项“幸运儿”；D项“棘手的事情，难对
34、付的人”。故选B项。5.【2015陕西】16.Sir,could I hand in my homework a bit late?_,since youve been unwell these days.A.You cant be serious B.Im afraid not C.Good idea D.Well,all right【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。句意：老师,我可以迟一些交我的作业吗？好的,因为你最近身体一直不好。You cant be serious你一定是开玩笑吧!；Im afraid not恐怕不行；Good idea好主意；Well,all right好啊,行。所以
35、选D。6.【2015浙江】1.Hi,John.Are you busy?_ A.Yes.I do agree.B.Yes.That would be nice.C.No.Are you sure?D.No.Whats up?【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。句意：嗨，约翰，你忙吧？不忙，怎么了？A.Yes.I do agree.的意思是：是的，我同意。这种表达用于回答是否赞同的情况。B.Yes.That would be nice.的意思是：是的，这会很好。这种表达用于表达观点看法。C.No.Are you sure?的意思是：不，你确定吗？这种表达不确定时的再次询问。D.No.Whats up
36、?意思是不，怎么了？四个选项分别有两个是表肯定的回答，两个是表否定的回答。而在Yes或No之后，其中有两句是陈述语气，表肯定，还有两个是疑问句式，用于展开下一句话。7.【2015福建】35.Hi,Dr Brown!Im a little early.Should I wait outside?No._.A.Thats right B.My pleasure C.Come on in D.Take it easy【答案】C【解析】考查交际用语。A对了；B我的荣幸；C请进；D放松。该句意思为：你好，布朗医生，我来的有点早，我应该在外面等么？不，进来吧。结合语境来看，布朗医生并不觉得病人来得早，所以
37、让病人进来了。故选C。8.【2015天津】1.Sorry,Liz.I think I was a bit rude to you._,but dont do that again!A.Go aheadB.Forget it C.It dependsD.With pleasure【答案】B【解析】考查交际用语。句意：对不起，Liz。我想刚才我对你有点粗鲁。算了吧，不过别再那样做了。A.好吧，行啊；B.算了吧，不必在意；C.那还得看情况而定；D.乐意效劳。根据句意可知选B。9.【2016江苏】32.Only those who have a lot in common can get along
38、well._.Opposites sometimes do attract.A.I hope not B.I think so C.I appreciate that D.I beg to differ【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。I hope not我可不希望这样；I think so我认为如此；I appreciate that我很感激；I beg to differ恕我不能同意；本题关键词是后句“Opposites sometimes do attract”意见相反的人有时会相互吸引，说明对两个人的意见并不一致。故D项“恕窝不能同意”符合上下文。10.【2016天津】32.It was
39、 a wonderful trip.So,which city did you like better,Paris or Rome?_.There were good things and bad things about them.A.Its hard to say B.I didnt get it C.You must be kidding D.Couldnt be better【答案】A【解析】句意：这是一次很棒的旅行。那么，你更喜欢哪个城市，巴黎还是罗马？很难说。它们都既有好的也有坏的事情。A.很难说；B.我不明白；C.你一定是在开玩笑吧；D.再好不过了。根据语境，故选A。11.【20
40、16天津】6.Im thinking of going back to school to get another degree.Sounds great!_.A.It all depends B.Go for it C.Never mind D.No wonder【答案】B【解析】句意：我在想回去上学再拿一个学位。听起来很棒！努力争取吧。A.那就看情况而定了；B.去争取吧；C.没关系 D.难怪。故选B。12.【2016浙江】6.Are you sure youre ready for the best?_.Ill well prepared for it.A.Im afraid not B.
41、No problem C.Hard to say D.Not really【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：你确定你准备好考试了吗？没问题。我已经做好准备了。A.恐怕不；B.没问题；C.很难说；D.不是真的。根据语境，故选B。13.【2016浙江】20.The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a quick bite before we go._.See you at 8:10.A.So long B.Sounds great C.Good luck D.Have a good time【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：电影在八点半开始，我我们走之前可以迅速吃点东西？听起来很棒。8点十分见。A.再见；B.听起来很好；C.祝好运；D.玩得愉快。根据语境，故选B。
