1、种类例词单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species,works,headquarters,aircraft形单意复people,police,youth,cattle,staff形复意单news,physics,politics1.可数名词的复数不规则变化一、名词的单复数种类例词合成词变复数1）将最后一部分变为复数，如filmgoer filmgoers。2）将主体词变为复数，如son-in-law sons-in-law。3）将两部分皆变为复数，如 man doctor men doctors。词形变化manmen,childchildren，t
2、oothteeth,footfeet,mousemice，mediummedia2.不可数名词的数(1)有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用。in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；with pleasure“乐意”，a pleasure“一件乐事”。(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词，
3、有单、复数。some coffee“一些咖啡”，three coffees“三杯咖啡”；some drink“一些饮料”，three drinks“三杯饮料”；his hair“他的头发”，a few grey hairs“几根白发”；glass“玻璃”，a glass“一只玻璃杯”。(3)有些不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊的意义。time“时间”，times“次数，时代，倍”；wood“木头”，woods“树林”；sand“沙子”，sands“沙滩”；work“工作”，works“工厂，著作，工程，工事”。注意：有些名词的单复数具有不同的含义，如：game游戏，比赛 games运动会；mass
4、大量，众多，团，块 masses群众，民众等。二、名词的作用名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、主语补足语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语、状语。注意：名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，如：shoe repairers,pencil boxes,tooth brushes。但也有例外，如：a sports car,a customs officer,a clothes shop，a goods train等。另外，“man/woman+名词”变为复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。如：men teachers。三、名词的所有格名词的所有格在句中表示所属关系，用来作定语，修饰名词。1.-s
5、所有格，多用来表示有生命的东西，如：Peter and Toms school。2.如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加 “s”；如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加“s”。如：Tom and Mikes room(共有)Toms and Mikes books(不共有)3.of所有格（名词+of+名词）多用来表示无生命的东西，如：the legs of the chair,the door of the house。4.双重所有格指“of+名词的s所有格”或“of+名词性的物主代词”，如：a friend of my brothers,a picture of mine。5.表
6、示时间、距离、价格、重量、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“s”或“”表示所有格。todays papers;ten minutes walk;five pounds weight;ten dollars worth of coffee;the worlds population;Chinas industry;New Yorks parks6.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去。如：the tailors;the doctors,my uncles。考点一 名词词义辨析高考对名词词义辨析的考查主要体现在单项填空和完形填空中，其选项基本上是形似的词、意义相近但用法不同的词或者形式
7、和意义都不相关的词。解这类题的关键是要弄清楚选项中各个名词的含义，同时也要注意联系上下文的搭配和语境。1.【2014江苏】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statue2.【2015湖北】When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his _ and had a bad fall.A.balance B.chance C
8、.memory D.place3.【2015湖北】He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task.A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure4.【2015安徽】There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some _ and then let me know.A.thought B.support C.protection D.authority【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告
9、诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。A思考；B支持；C保护；D权威，当局。这里指让对方再好好想想，故选A。5.【2015江苏】Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _.A.requests B.excuses C.apologies D.regrets【解析】试题分析：句意：Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”；B项“借口”；C项“道歉”；D项“遗憾，后悔”。故选C项。只要抓住上文中的关键词“say sorry to”
10、就可以锁定正确答案。6.【2015江苏】Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A.judgments B.adjustments C.comments D.achievements【解析】试题分析：句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应，一些学校必须做出调整。A项“判断，决断”；B项“调整”；C项“评价，评论”；D项“成就”。故选B项。7.【2015福建】The failure was a big _ to him,but he wasnt discouraged and soon
11、got as enthusiastic as ever.A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.factor【解析】考查名词辨析A.blow打击;B.issue问题;C.excuse借口;D.factor要素。该句意思为：这个失败对他来说是一个打击，但是他没有泄气，很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A。8.【2015浙江】One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.A.production B.stress C.energy D.passive考点二
12、 名词固定搭配【考例】You are working too hard.Youd better keep a _ between work and relaxation.(天津 2012)A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary【分析】选C。该题考查固定搭配。keep a balance between.and.意为 “在和之间保持平衡”。考点三 名词的格名词所有格主要体现在短文改错中。如：When I finally arrived at my friends he lent me lots of clothes.（2011新课标全国卷短文改错）考点四 名词的数对
13、名词单复数的考查主要体现在单词拼写、语法填空以及短文改错中。【考例】1.Since then for all these year .(2014年新课标全国卷I短文改错)（Key:year改为years）2.While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the 69._(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.(2014年新课标全国卷I第三部分)（Key:6
14、9.changes）3.are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).（2015新课标全国卷I第三部分）（Key:65.paintings）3.The nursery team switches him every few 69._(day)with his sister.（2016 新课标全国卷I）4.Recent 46._(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.（2016 新课标全国卷II）5
15、.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius.influenced the 68._(develop)of chopsticks.（2016新课标全国卷III）daysstudiesdevelopment6.Any smell might attract natural 65._ (enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.（四川2016）7.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is _(honest).（2016新课
16、标全国卷I）honestyenemiesI.根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。1.I keep medicines on the top shelf,out of the childrens r_.2.The doctor said a fun and relaxing _(气氛)could help the injured recover faster.reachatmosphere3.Read these notes carefully and keep them for future r_.4.Did you break the _(习惯
17、)of getting up too late on weekends?5.People get most of their news about the world through the mass m_.6.There have been _(迹象)of improvement seen in the economy of our country.habitmediareferencesigns7.Its a w_ of time trying to persuade Lucy to change her mind.I cant agree more.She is too stubborn
18、.8.The success of the product was largely due to good _(设计).wastedesignII.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.The companys _(commit)to guaranteeing customer satisfaction is vital to its success in promoting sales.2.Im very proud of my _(achieve)as program director.3.There was complete silence in the room as the play came to its _(conclude).4.The forest and the land left their _ (impress)on the people.conclusionimpression achievementcommitment5.The purpose of the campaign is to raise the publics _(aware)of the dangers of passive smoking.awareness
