1、Section Learning about Language & Using Language.重点单词1escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开2educate vt. 教育；训练educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的education n. 教育3beg vi. 请求；乞求4terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动5cruelty n. 残忍；残酷cruel adj. 残忍的；残酷的6reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳；奖赏7sentence vt. 判决；宣判8opinion n. 意见；看法；主张.重点短语1lose_heart 丧失信心或勇气
2、2come_to_power 当权；上台3set_up 设立；建立4be_sentenced_to 被判处(徒刑).重点句式1should have done sth.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should_have_been_asleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本该睡觉的时间教我们学习。2“do/does/did动词原形”表强调的用法They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.他们并不比我聪明，但他们确实通
3、过了考试。3the first time引导时间状语从句I felt bad the_first_time_I_talked_to_a_group.第一次给旅行团做讲解时，我的心情很不好。课文预读THE REST OF ELIAS STORYYou cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from which no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelson
4、Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words. I beca
5、me a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degr
6、ee too. That made me feel good about myself.imagine vt.想象；认为imagine后可跟名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。escape IskeIp vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开from which no one escaped是from which引导的定语从句，修饰prison。from与从句谓语动词escape搭配(escape from从逃走)。who had little learning是who引导的定语从句，修饰those of us。break n间歇；休息should have done本应该做(实际上没做)when we
7、should have been asleep是when引导的定语从句，修饰evenings。blanket blkIt n毛毯；毯子we could find是定语从句，修饰先行词anything，从句省略了作find宾语的关系代词that。degree n学位；程度；度数stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，此处用了被动语态。did为助动词，表示强调，意为“确实；的确”。feel good about oneself自我感觉不错伊莱亚斯的故事续篇第1段译文你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰难的岁
8、月。但是我到那里时，纳尔逊曼德拉也在那儿，他帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们这些几乎没有上过学的人开办学校。他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。我们躲在毯子下面读书，用可以找到的任何东西做成蜡烛来看书。我成了一名好学生，想要为我的学位而学习，但是别人不允许我这样做。后来，曼德拉先生让狱卒加入我们一起学习。他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。他们并不比我更聪明，但是确实通过了考试。因此我就知道我也能够拿到学位。这让我觉得自己还不错。educated edukeItId adj.受过教育的；有教养的educate edukeIt vt.教育；训练since意为“既然；由于
9、”，引导原因状语从句。现在分词短语working in an office作a job的定语，说明其具体内容。find out查明白；弄清楚come to power当权；上台until引导时间状语从句，意为“直到”，not.until.意为“直到才”。beg be vi.请求；乞求(begged, begged, begging)relative reltIv n亲戚；亲属the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。terror ter n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖活动fear n恐惧beating n打；揍cruelty krultI n残忍；残酷reward rIw
10、d n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏be proud to do因做而自豪第2段译文在监狱里待完4年之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。可是警察发现了，告诉了我的老板，说我因为炸政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前的20年里，我没有再工作。在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，给了我一份工作，叫我带着旅行团去参观罗本岛上我住过的那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团讲解时，我的心情很不好。我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。我记起了狱卒的痛打和残忍，我想到了我那些死去的朋友，我觉得我做不了这样的
11、(导游的)工作。但是我的家人鼓励我，他们说从南非新政府得到的这份工作和报酬是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。现在我还能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，对此我感到非常骄傲，因为我曾经为黑人在自己的国土上争取自由而出过力。课文理解.课文阅读理解1Why did the name of Robben Island make them afraid?ABecause Robben Island was an island that was not beautiful.BBecause they spent the hardest time of their lives there.CBeca
12、use Robben Island was a bad mans name.DBecause Robben Island was not their home.答案：B2Mr Mandela began a school to _.Amake some moneyBspend his spare timeCteach some prisonersDmake friends with the prisoners答案：C3Why did Mr Mandela allow the prison guards to study too?ABecause he needed the guards hel
13、p.BBecause he thought the guards had their rights to study.CBecause the guards were black people too.DBecause the guards could pass their exams.答案：B4How long was Elias in prison named Robben Island?AFour years.BFour months.CFour weeks. DFour days.答案：A5Elias lost his job because _.Ahe wasnt well educ
14、ated when he was in prisonBthe boss knew he had been in prisonChe was not fit for his workDhe didnt get on well with the other workers答案：B.课文阅读填空1 (教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。(1)escape from从中逃脱escape sth./doing sth. 逃避(做)某事(2)narrow escape 死里逃生温馨提示escape作“被某人忘记；没
15、有被某人注意到”理解时，要用sth.escape sb.结构表示，而不是用sb.escape sth.结构。如：我把她的地址忘了。误Her address is escaped by me.正Her address escapes me.即学即用(1)Fortunately, he escaped from the burning house without being injured.幸运的是，他从着火的房子里逃了出来，没有受伤。(2)Whoever breaks the law wont escape punishment/being punished.不管谁违反了法律都将不能逃脱惩罚。(
16、3)It might have escaped your notice, but Im very busy at the moment.也许你没注意到，可我此刻非常忙。(4)Those thieves had_escaped by the time the police got there.警察到达的时候，那些小偷已经逃跑了。(5)He escaped being_killed (kill) when the magazine exploded because he had not gone to work.他因没有去上班而避免了在那次弹药库爆炸中丧生。2 (教材P38)They said t
17、hat the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而给某人报酬in reward for 为酬谢in rewardin return 作为回报/报答as a reward for. 作为对
18、某事的报酬/奖赏(2)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而奖励/酬谢某人易混辨析award/rewardaward作名词时，意为“奖品，奖金”，与prize用法相似；作动词时，意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.award sth. to sb.reward作名词时，意为“报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬”；作动词时，多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing) sth.即学即用(1)Anyone providing information which leads to the rec
19、overy of the painting will be rewarded.凡提供线索有助于寻回该画者可获报酬。(2)It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。(3)As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.因为通过了考试，她父母奖励给她一辆新自行车。(4)用award和reward的正确形式填空Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in
20、 Literature in 2012.She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to rewards.The police are offering a $60,000 reward for information about the killer.3 (教材P39)sentenced to five years hard labour for
21、 encouraging violence against antiblack laws(纳尔逊曼德拉)因鼓励使用暴力对抗反黑人法律而被判处5年劳教(1)sentence sb. to.判某人刑罚sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑sentence sb. to one years imprisonmentsentence sb. to one year in prison 判某人一年监禁(2)pass sentence on/upon sb. 判某人刑即学即用(1)The judge sentenced the drunk driver to one year in pri
22、son.法官判决那个醉酒司机一年监禁。(2)The judge passed a light sentence on him because it was his first offence.因属初次犯罪，法官对他从轻处罚。(3)It remains to be seen whether the expresident will be sentenced to death.这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待观察。(4)Tom was_sentenced_to five years in prison, but he was released after serving two years in
23、prison.汤姆被判了五年有期徒刑，但是在监狱里待了两年就被释放了。(5)It is suggested that the murderer referred to (should)_be_sentenced_to death at once.建议所涉及的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。4 in ones opinionin the opinion of sb.在某人看来Whats your opinion of.? 你认为怎么样？have a good/bad opinion of. 对评价好/不好be of the opinion that. 以为/认为即学即用(1)He said, in hi
24、s opinion, that it was too early for middle school students to carry cellphones.他说，在他看来，中学生带手机还为时过早。(2)My first opinion of him has changed since getting to know him better.随着对他了解的加深，我对他最初的印象也发生了变化。(3)Whats_your_opinion_of keeping a dog in a big city? Why or why not?你对于在大城市里养狗持何种观点？阐述同意或不同意的理由。(4)Muc
25、h to our disgust, this guy is always talking big and seems to have a good opinion of himself.使我们感到非常厌恶的是，这家伙总是说大话，似乎觉得自己很了不起。(5)Im of the opinion that the prices of vegetables will go up in a few weeks.我认为蔬菜的价格几周后就会上涨。1 (教材P37)The scientist from whom _ never lost heart when he was in trouble.从这位科学家那
26、里_，从未在困境中丧失信心。lose ones heart to爱上，倾心于learn sth. by heart 背诵，牢记put ones heart into 专心于break sb.s heart 使某人很伤心heart and soul 全心全意，完全地即学即用Ill never lose heart even if I should fail ten times.即使失败10次，我也不灰心。You can do anything well if you put your heart into it.如果你全身心地投入，你什么都能做好。He lost his heart to the
27、 girl at first sight.他第一眼看到那个女孩就爱上了她。2 (教材P38)He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获取学位的权利。阻止某人做某事即学即用The bad weather stopped us (from) getting there on time.恶劣的天气使我们不能准时到达那儿。Blacks were kept from eating in Whites restaurants.黑人被禁止在白人餐馆就餐。The storm prevent
28、ed us (from) taking (take) the bicycle trip.那场暴风雨使我们不能骑自行车旅行。名师点津stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，其中from可省略；其被动语态为be stopped from doing sth.其中from不能省略。3 (教材P38)I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.在曼德拉和非洲人民大会党于1994年掌权之前的20年里，我就没再工作了。beyond ones powe
29、r/out of ones power力所不能及的within ones power 力所能及的be in power 执政take power 掌权do all/everything in ones power to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事即学即用Before he came to power, he had once been in prison for years.在掌权之前，他曾经坐了几年牢。China is a country where the people are in_power.中国是个由人民掌权的国家。Its beyond my power to understan
30、d how the computer works.我不懂电脑运行原理。名师点津come to power表示动作，be in power表示状态，所以come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而be in power可以。 He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。should have done意为“本应该做而未做”，表示站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。其否定式为：shouldnt have
31、 done，意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。I should have left London before 9, but I didnt.我本该在9点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。In my opinion, she should_have_come (come) earlier.在我看来，她应当更早一点儿来。He shouldnt have said that to his brother.他不该对他弟弟说那些话。句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时，时态与句子的时态一致
32、。He did give the boy a toy car as a reward for his help.他确实给了那个男孩一辆玩具车作为对他提供帮助的奖赏。She does (do) go to school every day.她确实是每天都去上学。They do want to make peace with you.他们确实想与你和好。the first time连词，意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。类似用法还有every/each time(每次；每当)，next time(下次)等。I thought her kind and honest the first time I
33、 saw her.我第一次见她时觉得她诚实，善良。Next_time you come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。Every_time John is late for school, he will make up some new excuse.每次约翰上学迟到，他都会编个新借口。名师点津在“This/It is/was the first timethat从句”中，从句要用完成时(现在完成时/过去完成时)。This is the first time that I have been a voluntee
34、r, so I am now receiving all the training involved.这是我第一次成为志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。.单句语法填空1The first time I visited (visit) that land, I decided to settle there.2It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have_visited (visit) our school.3The young man, who was_sentenced (sentence) to ten
35、years in prison for his acts of violence, lost all hope for his future.4John is always working hard.So he is. I believe all his efforts will be_rewarded (reward) at last.5The driver narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident.6A notice was set up in order to remind the students of t
36、he changed lecture time.7As we all know, he does (do) speak English well.8He lost his heart to the beautiful girl from the countryside.补全句子1The cyclist just felt_frightened_the_first_time he was riding a bicycle and got injured.这位车手在他第一次骑自行车受伤时，简直吓坏了。2During the earthquake some miners were trapped i
37、n the mine, and they couldnt_escape_without_rescue.地震时矿工被困在矿井中，没有救援他们不能逃脱。3It was in the year 2016 that_he_came_to_power as the governor of this province.他是在2016年上台，成为该省省长的。4William begged_his_father_to_buy a new cellphone for him, but got refused.威廉恳求他的父亲给他买部新手机，但遭到了拒绝。5That man was_sentenced_to_death for killing one of his friends.那个人因杀了自己的一个朋友而被判处死刑。6He spent the time he should_have_spent in studying in playing computer games, so he didnt pass the exam.他把本来应该用在学习上的时间花在了玩电脑游戏上，所以他没通过考试。
