1、1.A great person is someone 2.who devotes his/her life to helping others.when I first met Nelson Mandela3.Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.4.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.2.The timewas a very difficult period of my life.A.Attributive clauses where I stu
2、died for only two years when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.7.The day was one of my happiest.where we have almost no rights at all.5.The schoolwas three kilometres away.6.This was a timewhen Nelson Mandela helped me8.We have reached a stage9.The parts of town in which they ha
3、d to live were decided by white people.10.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.11.We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important,or fight the government.12.We first broke the law in a way which was peace
4、ful.1.quality n.质量（不可数）(人的)品质；特性（可数）The products of their factory are all of good quality and so the supply fails to meet the demand every year.One qualityquality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable.quantity量a large/small quantity of large/great quantities of（以上两词组后加可数名词复数和不可数名词都可以，谓语动词
5、取决于quantity的形式)Quantities of water are in the glass.A large quantity of water is in the glass.Quantities of books are on the desk.A quantity of books is on the desk.B.Language points2.mean adj吝啬的，自私的，卑鄙的be mean to sb对某人吝啬，自私，卑鄙It is mean of sb to do sth某人做-真卑鄙be mean with/over/about sth对-很吝啬He is me
6、an to everyone.It is mean of you to tease her.He is mean about money.means n.手段，方法mean vt.意指，意味着，意思是meaning n.意思，意义,含义mean to do sth.打算mean doing sth.意味着3.active adj 积极的,活跃的 actively inactively activitybe active in在-方面很积极活跃take an active part in积极参加-He is active in sports.She used to take an active
7、part in physical labor.4 generous adj慷慨的 大方的be generous to do sth 做某事很慷慨，大方be generous with 对-慷慨，大方Your uncle is very generous to buy that car for you.He is generous with his money.5.devotevtdevote名 to 名奉献（人生，时间，劳力等）于-，把-致力于，专用于He devoted his life to promoting world peace.He devoted his life to the
8、promotion of world peace.devoted adj忠实的，深爱的be devoted to对-忠实，对-深爱a devoted friend She is devoted to her husband.6.die for为-而死be dying for（口语）渴望，很想He was dying for a drink.be dying to do很想做，渴望做She is dying to see you.be dying to go abroad7.fight for为事业，自由，权利，真理而战fight against为反对-而斗争;与-搏斗/对抗fight with
9、 a.与-并肩作战 b.fight againstThey are fighting for liberation.They fought with the Italians in the last war and against them in this.They fought the enemy fiercely.He fought(against)cancer and lived to be eighty.against/with8.fight against/for/withThe soldiers fought bravely _ the enemy _ the liberation
10、 _ their comrades.againstforwith9.found vt建立，建设founded foundedbe founded on/upon建立在-基础上，以-为基础The story is founded on/upon facts.10.believe in信赖，信任，信仰，相信-的存在Do you believe in ghosts?believe in God I believe him,but I dont believe in him.11 free from摆脱（不好的东西）的；无-的free-from使-摆脱，免除a sentence free from m
11、istakes They freed the birds from the cages.12.be in prison “在监狱，被监禁”表示状态put sb in prison “把某人关进监狱”表示动作He has been in prison for three years.He was put in prison for stealing.13.put sb.in(into)prison把关进监狱be sent to prison(被送进监狱)be in prison (被监禁)be thrown into prison (被投入监狱)break prison(越狱)prison表示蹲
12、监狱时,其前不用冠词throw sb.into prison=send/take sb.to prisonHe has for 20 years.The man was put in prison for stealing a car.Anyone who breaks the law should be thrown into prison.They all went to the prison to visit theprisoners.类似:bed,church,class,college,hospital,school,university,marketbeen in prison14
13、.worry vi.担心，忧虑be worried about=worry about/over1)他担心考试不及格。He worried that he would fail the exam.2)因为担心孩子的病，她瘦了。She lost weight/was thinnerDont worry,please.worry thatbecause she worried about her sons illness.1)It worries me that she spends so much time playing computer games.2)她花费这么多时间打游戏使我担心。2)不
14、要发愁。Dont worry yourself.worry vt.使担心/烦恼/焦急worry sb.that 使某人担心worry sb/oneself 使某人/自己担心Whats worrying you?1)Im worried _ her driving the car tonight on the wet road.A.of B.about C.on D.at2)His dangerous driving always _ me.A.worry about B.worries about C.worried about D.worriesBD15.be out of work=los
15、e ones job=be unemployed失业,没有工作His mother has been out of work for half a year.in work 有工作Is her husband in work?out of 意为“在之外”,“向外”;表示失去,没有,用完;不再处于某种状况。反义词为into或in。翻译The little boy ran out of the room.He took my books out of my schoolbag.Dont run into the room.Can you put your raincoat in your pock
16、et?out of breathout of patienceout of petrol out of use out of order out of control out of dangerout of sight上气不接下气不耐烦汽油用完了没用了出故障了失控了脱离危险了看不见了out of fashion out of date out of repair out of sight,out of mind.不时兴过时无法修葺眼不见，心不烦16.hopeful adj怀有希望的be/feel/become hopeful about/of-对-抱有希望be hopeful that希望Ar
17、e you hopeful about your future?We should feel hopeful of our success.We are hopeful that our our dream will come true.17.as as+主语+can/could 尽可能,尽量=as as+possibleHe was running as fast as he could.=He was running as fast as possible.You must speak English as often as you can.=You must speak English
18、as often as possibleThey did the experiment as carefully as they could.=They did the experiment _.Try to make as few mistakes as you can.=Try to make _.as carefully as possibleas few mistakes as possible某些动词(see,find,witness等)主语有时不是人而是物,即拟人用法,使句子生动。1)Dusk(黄昏)found a boy crying in the street.18.The l
19、ast 30 years have seen the greatest number of3)Oct 1,1949,saw/witnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.19 either.or.(两者之中)或(之一)You may stay either in a hotel or in a private house.I want to visit either Paris or London.Either you or I am wrong.Either of the boys likes singing.Either
20、 boy likes singing.20.neithernorHe has neither money nor social position.Neither parent cares what happens to the child.Neither of the boys likes to play such a game.bothandBoth he and I are wrong.Both of the boys like singing.21.vote on投票表决vote for投票支持vote against投票反对Lets vote on it.Well vote to de
21、cide whether to carry out the plan.He has right to vote against it.Its certain that I will vote for it.vote to do sth 投票决定做某事You have right to vote for the plan.22.attackn vmake an attack on/against/upon 攻击/袭击/抨击under attack 遭到袭击/抨击a heart attack 心脏病突发He made an attack on the governments actions.The
22、 governments actions were under attack.The death of the actor is due to a heart attack.The enemy attacked us at night.23.only副词介词短语状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装形式（即把主句的情态动词，系动词或助动词提到主语前面）Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.Only in this way can you solve the problem.Only when the teacher ca
23、me in,did the students stop shouting.注意（1）如果句子为主从复合句，则主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。（2）only修饰主语时，不用倒装。Only her mother can help her to solve the problem.24.as a matter of fact in factHe pretends to understand,but as a matter of fact he doesnt.In fact,we knew each other,but we didnt contact with each other for many ye
24、ars.事实上，实际上25.blow upA balloon expands when it is blown up.The government buildings were blown up.The terrorists are threatening to blow up the airliner使充气，爆炸，炸毁26.equal adjfight for equal rightsbe equal toTom is equal to John in height.He was equal to the work.He felt equal to carrying out the plan
25、.相等的，平等的，胜任的与-相等；胜任He has got into/is in trouble.We must help him.27.be in trouble 有麻烦，处于不幸中补充:make trouble 制造麻烦put sb.to trouble 给某人添麻烦have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难take trouble to do sth.费心做某事get into trouble 陷入困境28.willing adj乐意的，自愿的willinglyadv will n意志，意志力，意愿be willing to do sth愿意做某事be willin
26、g that sb（should）do sth乐意让某人做某事Im very willing to vote for the plan.He is willing that his little son should join the army.29.turn to求助于，致力于You can turn to the peoples police for help,no matter what kind of trouble you are in.I have turned to all the well-known reference books for help,but so far wi
27、thout success.30.escape vt.加动名词或名词作宾语None of the criminals escaped being punished.None of the criminals escaped punishment.escape from sp从逃跑Nobody can escape from here.escape from prison 越狱escape from the net 漏网31.should have done 本应该做，而实际未做You should have arrived earlier.shouldnt have done 本不应该做，而实
28、际做了He shouldnt have eaten so much last night.3.allow doing sth允许做某事allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事sb be allowed to do sth某人被允许做某事We dont allow eating in the classrooms.My parents wont allow me to stay out late.32.stop sb(from)doing sth prevent sb(from)doing sth 阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth主动语态中前两者from可省略
29、,被动语态中三词组的from都不能省Nothing can him(from)playing football.His mother always keeps him from playing computer games.He is always stopped/prevented/kept from playing computer games.stop/prevent 33.make sb do sth使某人做某事sb be made to do sth某人被迫做某事Dont make the baby cry.How can you make him change his mind?T
30、he baby was made to cry.How can he be made to change his mind?Do you think that a horse can be made to drink water?34.feel good/bad about 对感觉好/不好Mom feels good about my boyfriend.How do you feel about him?e to/into powerbe in powerThe government came to power in 2004.This government has been in powe
31、r for four years.have the power to do sth come into being come into use come into effect当权，上台（表动作）执政（表状态）有权做某事形成，产生开始使用生效36.beg vt.vi.乞讨，乞求，恳求，请求begged begged beggingbeg(for).sthThe begged (for)money from passers-by.beg(for)sth(of)sb（向某人)恳求.I beg a quick answer of you.我恳求你迅速答复我。beg(of)sb to do sth恳请
32、某人做某事He begged his teacher to forgive him.beg to do sth 恳请做某事He begged to watch the match.37 the first time当第一次做-时，（连词，引导时间状语从句）.for the first time第一次（介词短语，只能用作状语）.I thought her honest the first time I saw her.Where was the World Cup held for the first time?类似用法的词如下：the moment,the minute,the instant
33、,the second （一-就）every time，next time，the last time（每次，下一次，上次）I will phone you the moment I see him.Every time I go downtown,I drop in at my uncles house.What did she say the last time you met her?We didnt enjoy ourselves the last time we had a e back to sb使回忆起，使记起Her name doesnt come back to me.39.
34、reward n ,v 报酬，奖金，酬劳，奖赏in rewardreward sb for sthreward sb with sthHe gave the boy five yuan in reward.He rewarded the boy for bringing back the lost dog.He rewarded the boy with five yuan.作为报酬因-而奖赏某人用-酬劳某人40.happen to sb/sth happen to do sth It happens thatShe hoped nothing bad would happen to me.I
35、 happened to see him on the street.It happened that the famous actor was her brother.此句等于The famous actor happened to be her brother.发生于-身上碰巧（偶然）碰巧-41.set upset offset downset out to do sthset about doing sthThey set off in search of the lost child.The author set about writing a new book.建立，设立出发，动身，使爆炸记下，写下开始做某事开始做某事42.sentence n,vsentence sb to sthThe young man was sentenced to deathfor murder.The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.a light/heavy sentencn.2)句子 eg make a sence,please.判决，宣判，判刑判处某人-（徒刑）轻判/重判
