1、.词汇过关1_v忽视；不理踩_n无知adj._无知的2_v考虑；认为_adj.相当大/多 的；可 考 虑 的 _adj.体 贴 的；周 到 的_n细心考虑3_n观众；听众；读者答案：1.ignore；ignorance;ignorant2consider;considerable;considerate;consideration3audience.短语自查1_轻视；瞧不起2refer to_答案：1.look down on/upon2.提到，谈及；查阅；参考；涉及.语法练习用be动词的适当形式填空1 Steam and ice _(be)different forms of water.2
2、The singer and dancer_(be)to attend our evening party.3English and American liberature_(be)appealing to her.4Either you or I_(be)going to be in charge of this matter.5 Not only the students but also their teacher_(be)going to attend the meeting.6This pair of glasses_(be)mine.答案：1.are2.is3.are4.am5.i
3、s6.is.单词突破ingore1)take no notice of sb./sth.忽视某人/某物She ignored my advice,so she was defeated finally.她忽视我的忠告，因此最终被击败了。The monitor has been ignoring me.班长一直不把我放在眼里。2)deliberately refuse to greet sb.故意不对某人打招呼I said hello to her,but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我。Xiao Min ignored the school r
4、ules.小敏不理会学校的规章制度。【词语辨析】ignore，be ignorant ofignore是指视而不见、听而不闻或故意不予理睬。be ignorant of不知道，不了解，对某事一无所知。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)有些司机就是对速度限制视而不见。Some drivers simply_ _ _.(2)没有哪个司机能够佯装不知道速度限制。No driver can pretend to_ _ _ _ _.答案：(1)ignore speed limits(2)be ignorant of speed limits.短语精讲1look down up/upon.轻视，看不起1)The
5、proud girl looks down upon/on all the other girls in her class.那个傲慢的姑娘看不起班上其他的女孩。2)No one likes to be looked down upon/on.谁也不喜欢被别人看不起。3)He noticed that he was looked down upon,but he didnt care.他意识到别人看不起他，但他不在乎。【知识拓展】含有look的常用短语还有：1)look after照料2)look at看3)look back on回顾，回忆4)look around 环顾，四下察看5)loo
6、k for寻找6)look forward to sth./doing sth.期望，期待7)look on旁 观(lookeron：旁 观 者，复 数 为：lookerson)8)look on.as.当作，看成9)look into调查；注视的深处10)look through翻阅，浏览11)look up 抬头看12)look up a word/an address/a telephone number查找13)look sb.up and down上下打量某人14)look up to 尊敬，敬仰15)look out(for.)小心，当心，提防【牛刀小试】(1)(2009湖北)Wo
7、uld you please_the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?Alook aroundBlook intoClook up Dlook through答案：D本题考查动词短语的词义辨析。look around“向四周看，环视”。look into“调查”。look up“向上看；抬头看”。look through“浏览，检查”。由句意可知D正确。(2)(2009江西)It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing c
8、hildren.A.look upon B.look afterC.look into D.look out答案：C考查了动词短语的辨析。题意：据报道警察将会很快调查这两起儿童失踪案件。look into“调查”；look upon“认为，视为”；look after“照顾”；look out“注意，小心”。(3)(2006湖 北 卷)The building around the corner caught fire last night.The police are now_thematter.Aseeing through Bworking outClooking into Dwatch
9、ing over答案：C题意：警察正在对这一事情进行调查，所以选looking into。see through“看透，识破”；work out“解出；解决”；watch over“监督；保护”，均不符合句意。完成句子(4)歧视残疾人是不对的。Its wrong to_ _ _the disabled.(5)老年人喜欢回忆美好的过去。Old people like_ _ _the good old days.(6)当心！有车来了。_ _！Theres a car coming.(7)她考前匆匆看了一下笔记。She_ _the notes before the exam.(8)你最好在读完文章后
10、再在词典中查生词。Youd better_ _the new words_the dictionary after you finish reading the passage.(9)爱迪生被视为世界上最伟大的发明家之一。Edison is_ _ _one of the greatest inventors in the world.答案：(4)look down on/upon(5)looking back on(6)Look out(7)looked through(8)look up;in(9)looked on as2refer to1)提到，谈及，说起I promised not t
11、o refer to the matter again.我答应过再也不提这件事了。She always referred to Ben as“that nice man”她总是称本为“那个大好人”。2)查阅；参考；征询refer to the notes/a dictionary/an expert 查阅笔记/词典/征询专家的意见3)有关，针对The new law doesnt refer to land used for farming.那条新法律并不涉及农业用地。4)refer sb./sth.to sb.把某人/某事提交给某人/某机构作决定/处理The case was referre
12、d to the Court of Appeal.这个案子被送交到上诉法院。【知识拓展】reference(n.)提到，提及；参考，查阅；征求，征询；推荐信，介绍信；参考书目She made no reference to her illness.她没有提到她的病。Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference.把电话号码放在电话旁边，方便查找。We will need references from your former employers.我们需要你以前各位雇主的推荐信。【牛刀小试】(1)(2007上海)_he ref
13、erred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.AThat BWhatCWhether DWhere答案：B题意：普通读者并不了解他在文章中所提到的。主语从句中referred to后缺少宾语，所以用what引导。完成句子(2)她提到竞争的公司时，指的是哪几家？Which companies was she_ _when she spoke of competing forms?(3)这位科学家称这一发现为这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。The scientist_ _the discovery_the most excitin
14、g development in this field.(4)我的医生让我去找一位专家诊治。My doctor_ _ _a_.(5)如果需要，可以查阅笔记。You may_ _your notes_ _.答案：(2)referring to(3)referred to;as(4)referred me to;specialist(5)refer to;if necessary.语法专区主谓一致英语在运用中，谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这种现象称作“主谓一致”。主谓一致需要遵循三个基本原则。集体名词作主语时的主谓一致集体名词class,family,the public,team,p
15、olice,group,government,school,college,crowd,audience,company,crew,committee,enemy,party,crew,population等被看作一个整体时，表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；这些集合名词在就其中一个个成员来看时，表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。也就是说，集合名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语表示的概念含义一致，而不与主语的形式一致。My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我是个小女孩时，家里很穷。My family are
16、all looking forward to your coming.我的家人都期待着你的到来。It was late,but the audience was increasing.天很晚了，但观众却在不断增加。The audience were all moved to tears.观众都感动得流泪了。主谓一致的三个基本原则：一、语法形式一致原则：即单复数形式与谓语要一致。1)不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；what从句作主语，谓语动词由表语而定。例如：Land is valuable.Not an inch of land is
17、 allowed to lie waste.土地是宝贵的，一寸土地也不能让它荒废。Helping others is helping yourself.帮助别人就是帮助了自己。2)advertising(广告)，travel/traveling(旅行)，clothing(服装),luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)等表示类别的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式。例如：Ive just been informed that my luggage has just arrived.我刚接到通知说我的行李已经运到了。Advertising is one of the biggest
18、 businesses in America.广告是美国最大的行业之一。3)由every，some，any，no等构成的不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Has everybody finished their drinks/his or her drink?每个人都喝完饮料了吗？Nothing remains of the old house but the cellar hole.老房子除了这个狭小简陋的酒窖之外什么也没留下。4)主 语 后 面 接 with，along with，no less than，together with，like，unlike，rather than，a
19、s much as，including，as well as，except，but，besides，in addition to等引导的词组作附属修饰语时，谓语动词与主语保持数上的一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。5)由and，both.and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，如果表示的人或物是不同的，或表示其他不同的观念时，谓语动词用复数。如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时，谓语
20、动词用单数形式。Reading and writing are very important.读写很重要。The professor and writer is to come to the meeting.那位教授兼作家要来参加会议。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包是有营养的。6)两个并列的名词前如果有each,every,no,many a等修饰时，谓语动词采用单数形式。例如：Each student an
21、d each teacher was given a ticket.每个学生和老师都发了一张票。Many a boy likes playing football.许多男孩喜欢踢足球。More than one year has passed.一年多过去了。One or two projects have come up at the meeting.有人在会上提出了一两个项目。二、语言意义一致原则：即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。1)表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，force,folk,beast,cattle,youth等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
22、The cattle are in the shed.牛在牛棚里。The police are searching for him.警方正在寻找他。2)a series of,a pile of,a portion of等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：A series of accidents has been reported.媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of firewood was set beside the hearth.壁炉边有一堆木柴。3)单复数形式相同的名词作主语，谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数。此类词常见的有：deer,fish,sheep,means,wor
23、ks,species,series,crossroads等。例如：The species of fish are numerous.鱼的种类很多。This species of rose is very rare.这种玫瑰很稀少。4)国名，地名，组织机构名称，书刊杂志名称，山名和水名等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The United States was founded in 1776.美国建立于1776年。The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English.天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。5)“pair，piece，kind
24、 of名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair，piece，kind等词的形式保持一致，与of之后的名词或代词无关。常见的名词有trousers,glasses,gloves,shoes,slippers等。例如：Your trousers are so dirty that you should wash them at once.你的裤子太脏了，你应该马上洗洗。Until now only one pair of glasses has been sold.到目前为止，只卖出去一副眼镜。6)表示类别的the形容词或分词；以复数形式出现的某些名词，如goods，clothes，glasses
25、，shoes，trousers等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但news，politics，physics，maths，plastics，works(工厂)等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；the表抽象概念的形容词表示类别时，谓语动词用单数。例如：The beautiful is loved by all.美好的事物大家都喜欢。The sick are well looked after here.病人在这里得到很好的照顾。7)none of后面如果连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如果后面接的是可数名词，则谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。例如：None of the telephones i
26、s/are working.电话中没有一部不是坏的。None of the information about him has been received.关于他的消息一点也没收到。8)主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.允许三个星期来做必要的准备。Four kilometers is not very far.四公里不算远。9)代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的
27、单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：All is right.一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。三、就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。1)由 连 词 or；either.or.；neither.nor；not only.but(also).；not.but；whether.or.连接并列主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持形式上一致。例如：Either you or she is to go.不是你去，就是她去。Not only the child but the father likes watching TV.不但孩子而且父亲都喜欢看电视。2)在he
28、re，there，such引导的倒装句中，谓语动词与其后的主语保持一致；如果主语是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是多个并列主语，谓语动词与其最相邻的主语保持人称和数上的一致。例如：Here is a pen,a few envelops and some paper for you.给你笔、信封和纸。Such are the fortunes of war.这些就是战争的机会。注意：在大多数情况下，主语与表语一致；如不一致，谓语动词与主语保持一致。例如：Tomatoes are a vegetable.西红柿是一种蔬菜。The Chinese are a friendly
29、people.中华民族是个友好的民族。【牛刀小试】(1)(2010江苏33)Is everyone here?Not yet.Look，there_the rest of our guests!AcomeBcomesCis coming Dare coming答案：A题意：“都来了吗？”“还没呢。看，剩下的客人来了”。本句采用了倒装语序，主语是the rest of the guests，故谓语动词用复数形式。(2)(2010天津10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting_at the culture show of the 2
30、010 Shanghai World Expo.Aare exhibiting Bis exhibitingCare being exhibited Dis being exhibited答案：C考查主谓一致和语态。题意：像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。艺术品是被展出，且主语为复数arts，故C项正确。(3)(2010湖南33)Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.Ais BareChas Dhave答案：C题意：在摇滚音乐中，听嘈杂的音
31、乐使一些青少年造成听力损失。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，谓语用单数。根据句法结构，此处应用主动语态。(4)(2010陕西24)It is reported that many a new house_at present in the disaster area.Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built答案：D题意：据报导，现在许多新房屋正在灾区兴建。由at present 可知本句要用现在进行时态，而当“many a可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，尽管含有复数意义。(5)(2010
32、全国9)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _evening dress.Awear BwearsChas worn Dhave worn答案：B考查时态和定语从句的主谓一致。题意：巴巴拉很容易被认出，因为她是唯一穿晚礼服的一位女士。用一般现在时表示当时的状态。先行词被the only 修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。(6)(2010四 川 15)Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read,of whose works,however,some _ diff
33、icult to understand.Aare;are Bis;isCare;is Dis;are答案：A题意：一些诗人，像莎士比亚，是被广泛阅读的，然而，其中一些作品是难以理解的。句中of whose works到句末是非限制性定语从句。第一空的主语是some poets，谓语用复数；而第二空的主语是some of whose works，谓语也要用复数。(7)(2009湖 南)Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Aare BisChave Dbe答案：B本题考查主谓
34、一致。句子的主语是Either you or one of your students，为单数形式，所以谓语要用is。(8)(2009四 川)The teacher together with the students_discussingReadingSkillsthat_newly published in America.Aare;were Bis;wereCare;was Dis;was 答案：D考查主谓一致。题意：老师和同学们一块讨论美国最近出版的阅读技巧一书。第一空中together with连接两个名词时，第一个才是句子的真正主语，所以根 据 The teacher来 判 断，应
35、 用 单 数；第 二 空that_newly published in America是定语从句，that作为关系代词，指代Reading Skills，而Reading Skills在这里指的是一本书的名字，所以应该用单数。(9)(2009江 西)At present,one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.A.is B.areC.will be D.was答案：A考查了时态及主谓一致。由at present这个时间状语可知该用一般现在时，又
36、因句子的主语是one故应用单数形式。(10)(2009山 东)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities_rising steadily since 1997.Ais BareChas been Dhave been 答案：C本题考查主谓一致和时态。主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因为时间状语是since 1997，并且动作未停止，所以用现在完成进行时态。(11)(2008陕西)Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in
37、the area_invitedAwere Bhave beenChas been Dwas答案：D本题考查了主谓一致的用法。当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every作定语时，随后的动词用单数。并且强调过去的动作，故用一般过去时。(12)(2007江 西)A survey of the opinions of experts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week_good for ones health.Ashow;are Bshows;isCshow;is Dshows;are答案：B主句主语的中心词为a survey，所以谓语动词
38、用单数；从句主语为一个整体概念应作单数看。(13)(2007湖南)We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant.Ais BareChas been Dhave been答案：A主语的中心词为the time为不可数名词，所以谓语用单数；另外此处强调一般状况而不表示完成意义，所以A项正确。(14)(2007浙江)Professor James will give us a lecture on the western culture,
39、but when and where_yet.Ahasnt been decided Bhavent decidedCisnt being decided Darent decided答 案：Awhen and where为 主 语 从 句 when and where he will give us a lecture的省略，when and where是主语从句中的两个状语而非两个主语，所以当单数看；句尾的yet常与完成时连用，所以选A。(15)(2007陕西)As a result of the serious flood,two thirds of the buildings in the town_.Aneed repairing Bneeds repairingCneeds repairing Dneed to repair答案：A分数后接复数名词时谓语动词用复数；在表示主语需要被怎样时，常用need doing或need to be done结构，故A项正确。
