1、1orbit1)n.轨道；势力范围The spacecraft is in orbit round the moon.该航天器在绕月球轨道上飞行。2)vt.&.vi.绕轨道而行；进入轨道；盘旋The spaceship orbited the moon.宇宙飞船绕月球运行。知识拓展make an orbit of.围绕转圈The bees made many orbits of the flowers.那些蜜蜂围绕花朵飞了许多圈。The little child is learning to make an orbit of her mother.那个小孩在学着围着她妈妈转圈。go into
2、orbit 进入轨道；达到极点Prices have gone into orbit this year.今年物价涨到了极点。即学即用他们把一颗人造地球卫星送入了轨道。_答案：They put a manmade earth satellite into orbit.2flight n.飞行；飞翔；航空旅行；班Mr.Smiths job is to study the flight of birds.史密斯先生的工作就是研究鸟的飞翔。Did you have a good flight?乘机旅行愉快吗？The(airplane)flight took three hours and lande
3、d at the airport.飞机飞行了三个小时后降落在机场。He hurried to catch Flight Number CA933 to Paris.他急忙去赶飞往巴黎的CA933次班机。知识拓展flight n.C一段楼梯。There was no lift and we had to climb six flights of stairs.没有电梯，我们得爬六段楼梯。即学即用He made the first nonstop _ across the Atlantic.AflyBflightCtrip Dtravel答案：B3success是名词，作“成功”解时，是不可数名词
4、，但也可作可数名词，意为“成功者；成功的事”。There is more than one way to success.通往成功之路不止一条。Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。Of her plays,three were successes and one was a failure.她的剧作中有三部成功，一部失败。As a writer,he is a success.作为作家，他是一位成功者。知识拓展succeed v.成功successful adj.成功的successfully adv.成功地即学即用The English play
5、 in which my students acted at the New Years party was _.Agreat success Bgreat successesCa great success Dgreat successful答案：C4sailor n.C 船员，水手The sailors and the passengers stood on the deck.船员和乘客都站在甲板上。Her father was a sailor when he was young.她父亲年轻时是个水手。sailor与seaman常通用，只有以下用法不同：译He is a bad/good
6、 sailor.误他是一个坏/好水手。正他(不)晕船。知识拓展sail v.航行，启航 n.sing.航行；C帆We sailed across the Atlantic in five days.我们用5天的时间乘船横渡大西洋。The ship sailed for/to Europe.这艘船驶往欧洲。Lets go for a sail across the harbor.我们乘船游港吧。The captain ordered the sailors to hoist/lower the sails.船长命令水手升/降帆。搭配set sail起航We set sail for France
7、 at high tide.我们在涨潮时起航去法国。5congratulation n.祝贺，恭喜；贺词congratulation常用作名词复数形式，意为“祝贺”。I should offer my congratulations on her success.我应当对她的成功表示祝贺。Its your birthday today.Congratulations!今天是你的生日，恭喜，恭喜！知识拓展congratulate1)祝贺；恭喜；后接介词onI congratulate you on your great discovery.我祝贺你的伟大发现。2)(后接oneself)自我庆幸H
8、e congratulated himself on having survived the aircrash.他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于难。词语辨析：congratulate,celebratecongratulate表示“祝贺”；如祝贺生日，事业取得成功及其他值得祝贺的事。其后不直接用表示祝贺内容的名词作宾语。须用congratulate sb.on sth.结构。Allow me to congratulate you on your brilliant performance.请允许我祝贺你这光辉的成就。celebrate表示“庆祝”；常指举行盛大隆重仪式的庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或时刻，
9、如举行晚会，张灯结彩等，可直接跟节日、胜利、成功等名词作宾语。They held a party to celebrate his birthday.他们举行聚会庆祝他的生日。高考直击(2009山东)John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.Oh，_！Acheer up Bwell doneCgo ahead Dcongratulations解析：本题考查交际用语。根据题意可知这儿应用一个表示祝贺的词(短语)。故选D。答案：D即学即用I must congratulate you _the exc
10、ellent design of the new bridge.Awith BatCon Dof答案：C6including prep.including可以看作介词，也可看作现在分词，意为“包括在内”。At least 20 passengers were injured,including 2 drivers.至少有二十名乘客受伤，包括两名司机。注意：including与逻辑主语(被其解释说明的部分)之间是主谓关系，表示主动含义；过去分词included与逻辑主语(其前名词或代词)之间是动宾关系，表示被动含义。We bought some extra office equipment,in
11、cluding some new desks and a computer.我们额外买了一些办公室设备，包括一些新办公桌和一台电脑。All of us,me included,were surprised at the news.全体人，包括我在内，听到那个消息都感到吃惊。知识拓展include vt.包含；包括I think youll find the plan includes most of your suggestions.我想你将会看到该计划包含有你的多数建议。词语辨析：contain,hold,include1)contain vt.意为“包含；含有；容纳”；着重指其中所容纳或装
12、有的量，或实际上包含的成分或成分的一部分，也可指较大的物体或容器装着彼此无关的东西，可以是包含全部或部分。The water in the lake contains salt.这个湖的湖水中含有盐分。2)hold vt.意为“(容器)可装(容量)；可容纳”；着重指能够容纳的最大限量或有能力容纳。This theatre can hold a thousand people.这个剧院能够容纳一千人。3)include vt.意为“包括；包含”；多指包含部分，整体中包含明确地说出的某些部分，有时并不定一列举出包含的全部内容，即该物是另一物的一部分。The list included certai
13、n foods children like to eat.这张单子包括了一些儿童喜欢吃的食品。高考直击(2008全国)Little Johnny felt the bag,curious to know what it_.Acollected BcontainedCloaded Dsaved解 析：考 查 动 词 词 义 辨 析。collected“收 集”；contained“包含；包括”；loaded“把装上车/船等”；saved“拯救；节省”。由句意可知B正确。答案：B即学即用(2009合肥月考)In almost every supermarket its easy for us to
14、 find carrots _a lot of vitamins,which are good for our health.Aholding BkeepingCincluding Dcontaining答案：D7welcomeWelcome to our school.欢迎来到我们学校。They were warmly welcomed.他们受到了热烈的欢迎。Its a pleasure to welcome you to our home.很高兴欢迎您光临寒舍。They welcomed the enw volunteers with open arms.他们热烈欢迎这些新的志愿者。知识拓
15、展welcome in/into.欢迎进来welcome with 以欢迎be welcome to 欢迎/可随意使用(吃等)welcome to 欢迎来Youre welcome.不用谢/没关系。高考直击(2008北京)I feel greatly honored_into their society.Ato welcome BwelcomingCto be welcomed Dwelcomed解析：本题考查了动词不定式作状语表示原因的用法。句意为“被欢迎加入他们社团，我感到非常荣幸”。其中I和welcome构成了动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。答案：C即学即用We were _at the
16、 door by the children.Awelcomed Bto be welcomedCwelcoming Dwelcome答案：A8historical adj.历史的；有关历史的；历史题材的Mr Thompson gave all the historical papers of his grandfather to the public library according to his grandfathers will.汤普森先生按照他祖父的遗嘱将他祖父所有关于历史学的论文都赠给了公共图书馆。I like to see a historical drama which can
17、give me much thinking.我喜欢看历史剧，它能让我思考很多。知识拓展history n.历史historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的词语辨析：historic,historical1)historic意为“历史性的；历史上著名的；有历史意义的”；一般指历史上值得纪念或为大家所知晓的重大历史事件或地点；也可指史书上曾记载的事件、人物、地点，这时可与historical互换使用。Waterloo is a historic battlefield.滑铁卢是历史上著名的战场。2)historical意为“历史的；历史学的；与历史有关的”；一般指与历史有关或有史可查的历史事件
18、、人物或地点。The Second World War is a big historical event.第二次世界大战是一个重大历史事件。即学即用汉译英历史名城_古迹_历史事件_历史人物_答案：a historic citya historic spota historical eventa historical personage1take off1)(飞机)起飞The plane from Shanghai to Beijing takes off at 9 am.从上海到北京的飞机上午九点起飞。2)脱下(衣服等)，解(拿)掉Take your coat off and sit dow
19、n!脱掉外套坐下来！3)匆匆离开She took off for home immediately term ended.学期一结束，她就匆匆赶回家了。4)取消；停止(使用)The show had to be taken off because of poor audiences.因观众太少演出不得不被取消了。5)拿掉Would you mind taking your foot off my hand?你踩着我的手了，请你把脚抬一下好吗？6)突然大受欢迎；迅速流行Her singing career took off after the TV oppearance.她在电视上亮相后，歌唱事
20、业迅速走红。知识拓展take after 与相像take down 记下；写下take for 认为；以为take in 接受；容纳；领会；理解；欺骗(多用于被动)take on 呈现；具有；装出；接纳；接受；承担；从事take over 接管，接受(尤指从他人手中接手掌管或接收)take up 占去；占据；开始从事；拿起；捡起即学即用(2009安徽)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all_.Agiven away Bkept awayCtaken up Dused up答案：C2thousands and/upon thous
21、ands of亿万的；形容的数目比thousands of“数千的，成千上万的”还要大，作定语，修饰名词复数。Thousands and thousands of visitors come to the Great Wall every year.每年都有无数的游客来游览长城。There are thousands of books in the library.这个图书馆里藏书数千册。知识拓展hundreds of数以百计的tens of thousands of 数万的hundreds of millions of亿万的即学即用My parents will move back into
22、 town in a year or _.Alater BafterCso Dabout答案：C1While he was travelling in space,Yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station,which is orbiting the earth,American astronaut Edward Lu and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko.杨利伟在太空航行期间，与环绕地球运行的空间站的两位宇航员进行了对话，一位是美国的宇航员爱德华卢，另一位是俄罗
23、斯的宇航员尤里马林年科。1)while引导的是时间状语从句。2)aboard the International Space Station是介词短语作定语修饰two astronauts.3)which is orbiting the earth是非限制性定语从句，修饰the International Space Station。4)American astronaut Edward Lu and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko为two astronauts的同位语，起进一步解释说明的作用，同位语通常放在被解释的词后面，但此句的同位语置于句末。知识拓展
24、当两个表示同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置，一个句子成分被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分时，前者就叫作后者的同位语(appositive)。这两个句子成分多由名词或代词担任。同位语通常在其所说明的名词或代词之后。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、of短语以及从句(即同位语从句)都可作同位语。This is Mr.Zhou,director of our hospital.这是我们医院的院长周先生。Then we three,Lao Zhang,Lao Yang and myself,began to get things ready for the trip.接着老张、老杨和我三个人就开始为这次出
25、门做准备工作。Qinghai Lake,the largest inland body of salt water in China,lies 3,198 metres above sea level.我国最大的内陆咸水湖青海湖，海拔3,198米。I gave an apple to them each.我给了他们每人一个苹果。You may leave it to us two.你可以把这事交给我们两个人。即学即用My most famous relative of all,_who really left his mark on America,was Rob Sussel,my grea
26、tgrandfather.Aone Bthe oneChe Dsomeone答案：B2Lu,whose parents were born in China,spoke to Yang in Chinese during his flight.爱德华卢的父母出生在中国，他用中文与飞行中的杨利伟交谈。whose引导的从句作非限制性定语从句修饰Lu。Do you know the man whose house was burned down?你认识房子被烧毁的那个人吗？We live in a room whose windows face the river.我们住在一个窗户朝着河的房间里。注
27、意：(1)关系代词whose之后不能用冠词。如上面句不可说Do you know the man whose the house was burned down?(2)在非限制性定语从句中，whose指物时，可用of which来代替。We had a sentence,the meaning of which/whose meaning was completely beyond us.我们遇到了一个句子，它的意思我们完全弄不懂。高考直击(2010北 京 27)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain wei
28、ght quickly.A.what B.whose C.which D.that解析：本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。句意：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B.whose谁的，符合题意。答案：B即学即用(2008陕 西)The man pulled out a gold watch,_were made of small diamonds.Athe hands of whomBwhom the hands ofCwhich the hands ofDthe hands of wh
29、ich答案：D3Wish China continuing success.希望中国取得连续的胜利。wish China continuing success是“wish宾语名词/不定式/形容词”的复合结构。She wished her mother a good night and went to her bedroom.她向妈妈道了声晚安就进卧室去了。I wish you success/luck/victory/a happy birthday.祝你成功/好运/胜利/生日快乐。词语辨析：wish,hopewish,hope与expect这三个动词都可以表示愿望，意为“想要”“希望”“期望
30、”等，但它们的用法有别。1)hope表示的“想”和“希望”是可以实现的。句型有hope for sth.,hope to do sth.和“hopethat从句(从句有陈述语气)”。不存在hope sb.to do sth.的形式。I hope to spend a year in America after I leave school.我希望毕业后在美国呆一年。2)wish表示“希望”(指希望的事情大多难以实现或与事实相反)时，往往带有“祝愿”的意味。wish后跟不定式、双宾语、复合宾语(宾语形容词/副词)、“for名词”、“宾语不定式”等结构。I wish to see your man
31、ager,please.我想见见你们的经理。Wish you success/good health/a pleasant journey!祝你成功/身体健康/旅途愉快！I wish the child to stay at home.我希望孩子呆在家里。注意：“I wish从句”是“但愿”；“希望”的意思，表示与事实相反的情况，从句通常用虚拟语气。I wish you had told me earlier.我希望你能早一点告诉我的。即学即用How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden!Ahas BhadCwill have Dhad had答案：B
