1、1population n.人口；居民Whats the population of Mexico?墨西哥的人口是多少？Qingdao is a city with a population over 200 million.青岛是一个有200多万人口的城市。Most of the worlds population have got enough to eat.世界上大多数人已解决了温饱问题。提示：population作主语时，如果指人口总数时谓语动词用单数形式；如果指人口的一部分时，谓语动词用复数形式。单词积累populate v.居住于heavily populated 人口密集的thi
2、nly populated 人口稀少的2live adj.1)活的We saw a real live tiger.我们看见了一只活生生的老虎。2)现场直播的；实况转播的；现场演出的It wasnt a recorded show;it was live.那不是录播的节目，是实况转播。The club has live music most nights.这个俱乐部大多数晚上有现场演奏的音乐。知识拓展lively adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的liveable(livable)adj.适合居住的；有价值的辨析：lively,alive，live与living1)lively有“活泼的；快活的；
3、生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思，而其他三个都有。Young children are usually lively.小孩子们通常是活泼的。He told a very lively story.他讲了一个生动的故事。2)alive,live,living都有“活的；有生命的”意思，与dead意思相反。但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用来指动物；alive,living不仅可作定语(alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后)，也可以作表语。另外，live还有“现场直播”的意思。This is a live(living)fish
4、.(This is a fish alive.)这是一条活鱼。(指动物且作定语时，三者均可用)Whos the greatest man alive(living man)？谁是当今最伟大的人物？(指人不能用live)The fish is still alive(living)那条鱼还活着。(指动物且作表语时不能用live)3)living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义，如“活像”“活生生的”等解时，要用living。He is the living image of his father.(作
5、比喻义，不用alive)他活像他父亲。4)只有living前加the时方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。The living are more important to us than the dead.活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。即学即用There will be a(n)_football match between China and Brazil on TV tonight.What time?I cant wait for it.AliveBlivingClively Dalive答案：A1at the end of结束；最终；所剩无几；到的尽头(或极限)Im goi
6、ng to have a holiday at the end of the month.月末我打算度假。They are at the end of their food supply.他们储备的食物已消耗殆尽。知识拓展no end 大量的from beginning to end 从头到尾come to an end 结束；最后，终于make(both)ends meet 收支相抵achieve/win/gain ones end 达到目的end in sth.以为结尾；末端是end up 最终成为；最后处于on end 竖着；直立着put an end to 结束bring sth.to
7、 an end 结束All is well that ends well.谚结局好就一切都好。辨析：by the end，at the end of与in the end1)by the end很少单独使用，后常接of短语，意为“到结束的时候”，表示一段时间，因此句子多用完成时态，即过去完成时或将来完成时。By the end of last term,we had learned all the texts.上学期末我们已经学完了所有课文。2)at the end of后既可接时间，也可接地点，意为“在结尾；在末端”。At the end of the street,theres a sho
8、p.在街道的尽头，有一家商店。3)in the end只能单独使用，后面不接of短语，意为“最后”，相当于finally或at last。I found the lost book in the end.最后我终于找到了我丢的那本书。即学即用(1)(2010天津卷，11)Joining the firm as a clerk.hegot rapid promotion，and_as a manager.Aended up Bdropped outCcame back Dstarted off答案：A句意：作为一名秘书加入该公司，他得到了快速提升，最后当了经理。end up“以结束”；drop
9、out“缀学”；come back“回来”；start off“开始旅行，以开始，迅速跑开”。根据句意，A项正确。(2)(2010江西卷，26)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just_sweet dreams.Akeep up with Bput up withCend up with Dcatch up with答案：C句意：睡觉之前闻闻这些花，你就会进入甜美的梦乡。Keep up with跟上；put up with容忍；end up with以结束；catch up with 赶上。根据句意，C项正确。2add.
10、to.把加到Will you add some salt to the soup?请往汤里加点儿盐好吗？知识拓展1)add v.加；增加；又说；补充说He expressed his satisfaction with his travel in China,adding that he would come again.他对中国之行表示满意，并补充说，他还会再来的。2)add to 增添；增加；增进The bad weather added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。3)add up 加起来；总计He wrote down the weight of
11、 each stone and then added up all the weights.他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。4)add up to 加起来总共；总计为All the figures add up to 1050.这些数字总计是1050。辨析：add to与add.to.(1)add to指“添加；增添”，其宾语多为困难、吹乐等抽象名词。(2)add.to.指“把加到”，其宾语多为具体名词。Every failure one meets with adds to ones experience.吃一堑，长一智。Please add some sugar to
12、 the water.请往水里加些糖。即学即用The headmaster expressed his satisfaction with our performance,_that he had never seen such a good programme.Ahaving added Bto addCadding Dadded答案：C1Why do we clap?To show we like something,of course.我们为什么要鼓掌？当然是为了表明我们喜欢某事物。本句使用了一个省略回答，补充完整为：We clap to show we like something,o
13、f course.这常为一个命题点，有时不仅仅局限在不定式上，有可能还会有其他的动词形式，但是解题方法基本相同，即用还原法把它补充完整。Why did you go there without my permission yesterday?昨天你为什么没有经过我的允许就去那儿？To see my mother.为的是看望我母亲。What made Mary so happy?什么使玛丽如此高兴？Making great progress in the exam.(她在)考试中取得了很大的进步。即学即用What will the land be used for?_ATo plant youn
14、g trees.BYoung trees will be planted.CThey will plant young trees.DPlanting young trees.答案：D2 But we dont clap at the end of a television programme or a book,however good they are.但是我们不会在一个电视节目或一本书的最后鼓掌，不管它们有多么好。本句中使用了由however引导的让步状语从句，注意其语序，即however形容词/副词主语谓语。命题通常会考查其语序及它与whatever引导的从句的区别。However t
15、all you are,you cant reach the apples in the tree.无论你有多高，你也不可能够着树上的苹果。We mainly see what you have done,however much you have said.无论你说了多少，我们主要还是看你做了什么。即学即用He tried his best to solve the problem，_difficult it was.Ahowever Bno matterCwhatever Dalthough答案：A3The theatre was largeit could hold 14,000 peo
16、ple,half the adult male pouplation of the city,which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.剧院非常大，它能容纳14 000人，占这个城市成年男子数的一半，同时这也意味着观众会制造大量的噪音。本句中使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句，表示补充说明。该从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作附加说明。如果去掉，主句仍然表达明确、完整的概念。它和主句之间往往用逗号分开。Mr.Smith,who came to see us yesterday,is a relation
17、of my wife.史密斯先生是我妻子的一个亲戚，昨天他来看望我们了。They are coming back to us,which means that they have been refused elsewhere.他们回来找我们了，那意味着他们已在别的地方被拒绝了。高考直击(2010四川卷，10)After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,_ turned out to be a wise decision.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析：句意：大学毕业以后，我抽出了一
18、点时间去旅游，后来证明这是个明智的决定。句中所填处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，不可用that；且在从句中作主语，不可用when和where。答案：B即学即用There were dirty marks on her trousers_shehad wiped her hands.Awhere BwhichCwhen Dthat答案：A4 The important thing was to make the noise together,to add ones own small handclap to others.最重要的是将噪音聚在一起，将某个人的小掌声加给其他人。本句中使用不定式作表语
19、，对主语的内容进行解释说明。To see is to believe.眼见为实。Our aim is to study well in the shortest possible time.我们的目标是在尽可能短的时间内把学习搞好。知识拓展1)在半系动词seem,appear,look,prove,remain后接形容词、地点副词或名词时，还可在其前加上to be，意义不变。She seems to be free.她看起来很清闲。2)当主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句出现do或do的变化式时，在主句中作表语的不定式结构常省略to。All she seems to do is(to)chat on
20、line.她要做的好像就是上网聊天。3)不定式作表语还可表示对将来的安排、打算。Im to get there at 600.我打算六点到那里。4)表示必须干某事，意同must或have to，语气较重。She is to answer for all this.她必须对这一切负责。即学即用The only thing for you to do is_it.Ato peel BpeelCpeeling DA or B答案：D5But some occasions on which people clap change from one country to another.但是有一些人们鼓掌
21、的场合国与国之间是不同的。on which people clap change from one country to another是由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。当关系代词作介词宾语时，通常把介词提到关系代词前。There is a small house,in front of which lies a river.有一座房子，它前面有一条河。He is a great man,from whom you can learn a lot.他是一位伟大的人，从他那里你能学到很多东西。注意：在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，指人时用whom，指物时用which。高考直击(2008湖
22、南)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，_are beyond our control.Amost of them Bmost of whichCmost of what Dmost of that解析：考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句，故只能选B。其中先行词为factors。句意为：植物的生长速度受多种因素影响，其中大多数超出了我们的控制范围。答案：B即学即用(2009东北三校模拟)He was educated in the local high school,_he went on to Beijing university.Aafter which Bafter thatCin which Din that答案：A
