1、.匹配词义a单词匹配()1.preciseAvt.购买；采购 n购买；购买的东西()2.breakthroughBn.名誉；名声()3.reputation Cadj.准确的；精确的()4.purchase Dadj.based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair()5.subjective En.an important development thatmay lead to an agreement or achievement答案15CEBADb短语匹配()1.set
2、 apart fromA关注；聚焦于()2.in particularB喜爱；喜欢()3.as a resultC尤其；特别()4.focus onD使与众不同；使突出；使优于()5.be fond of E结果答案15DCEAB.默写单词1realistic adj.现实的；逼真的2dimension n.维；规模；范围3influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的4noble n.贵族成员；出身高贵的人 adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的5rank n.地位；级别；行列 vt.&vi.把分等级；使排成行6sunrise n.日出7outer adj.外表的；外边的；外围的8sub
3、sequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的9sculpture n.雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术10visual adj.视觉的；视力的.选词填空precise；subsequent；subjective；primitive；convey；breakthrough；mythology；purchase；reputation；photography1Everyones opinion is bound to be subjective2Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength.3In Greek mythology，Zeus was
4、 the ruler of Gods and man.4If you are not satisfied with your purchase，we will give you a full refund.5She soon acquired a reputation as a firstclass cook.6Scientists have made a breakthrough in their treatment of that disease.7Can you give a more precise definition of the word?8Primitive man hunte
5、d wild animals with crude stone implements.9Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report.10Did you see the film about Antarctica? The photography was superb!.语法填空之派生词1It is not realistic(realism) to expect people to spend so much money.2Religious values can often differ great
6、ly from humanistic(humanism) morals.3She is one of the most influential(influence) figures in local politics.4The emergence(emerge) of the new idea encouraged us.5The country needs investment(invest)in education and science and technology.6He studied sculpture(sculpt) because he enjoyed working with
7、 clay.7The painting is not representative(represent)of his works of the period.8He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition (recognise)1As there have been so many different styles of Western art，it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.由于西方艺术的风格迥异，在一篇短文中全部描述出来是不可
8、能的。2While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment. 虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。3With their deep colours and realism，some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.有着很深的色彩和写实，一些最好的油画看起来像照片。4After that，paintings were no longer needed to preserve
9、what people and the world looked like. 在那之后，不再需要用画作来保存人和世界的面貌。5What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”他们不再试图展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？”词语助读precise adj.准确的；精确的precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此realistic adj.现实的；逼真的realism nU逼真；现实主义；务实作风realist nC现实主义画家(或
10、作家等)；现实主义者primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 nC文艺复兴前的艺术家(或作品)；原始派画家(或作品)primitive man原始人primitive tribe原始部落twodimensional adj.二维的dimension nC维；usually pl.规模；范围in particular尤其；特别set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于the Renaissance文艺复兴(时期)concentrate on集中(注意力)于adopt vt.采取(某态度)，采用(某方法)adopt a(n) .attitude to life对生活采取
11、态度humanistic adj.人文主义的humanity nU人性；人道；(统称)人类humanism nU人文主义perspective nU透视法influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的build upon/on在的基础上发展height nsing.最佳点，最强点，顶点reach its height达到顶峰the height of summer盛夏时节He is at the height of his career.他正处于事业的巅峰。reputation nC，U名誉；名声gain a reputation获得声誉a master of shadow and
12、 light光影大师noble nC贵族成员；出身高贵的人adj.崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的a man of noble birth出身高贵的人a noble leader伟大的领袖noble ideals崇高的理想a noble cause高尚的事业rank nU，C地位；级别；C行列vt.& vi.把分等级；使排成行people of high rank地位很高的人purchase vt.购买；采购 nU，C购买；C购买的东西historical events历史事件mythology nU，C神话；虚幻的想法Greek mythology希腊神话client nC委托人；当事人；客户Impr
13、essionism nU印象主义；印象派(绘画风格)Impressionist nC印象派画家构词法后缀ism表示“主义；论；说；派；性”，ist表示“信仰的人”。常见的有：realism(现实主义)/realist(现实主义者)，idealism(理想主义)/idealist(理想主义者)，socialism(社会主义)/socialist(社会主义者)，optimism(乐观主义)/optimist(乐观主义者)等。photography nU照相术；摄影preserve vt.保存；保护 nC(动植物)保护区hence adv.因此，由此emerge vi.& vt.出现；浮现；暴露su
14、nrise nU日出sunset nU日落，傍晚convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送the subjective impression主观印象subjective adj.主观的反义objective adj.客观的seek to do sth.试图做某事seek v力图，设法；寻求subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的Cubism nU立体主义；立体派dreamlike adj.梦幻般的still adv.(虽然)还是；但；不过abstract art抽象艺术abstract adj.抽象(派)的attempt vt.试图，尝试 nC，U试图attempt to
15、 do sth.试图做某事原文呈现A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTINGWhat is Western art？It is hard to give a precise definition.1As there have been so many different styles of Western art2，it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the developm
16、ent of Western painting over the centuries.31画线部分属于“It is adj.不定式”句型，意为“做某事是的”，It是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。2画线部分是as引导的原因状语从句。3句中第一个动词不定式短语to understand Western art作后置定语，修饰the best way；第二个动词不定式短语to look at.centuries作表语。The Middle Ages(from the 5th to the 15th century)During the Middle Ages，the purpose of W
17、estern art was to teach people about Christianity.Thus，artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes.Their works were often primitive and twodimensional，and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.This began to change in the 13th century
18、 with Giotto di Bondone(12671337)While his paintings still had religious themes4，they showed real people in a real environment.In particular，his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.4画线部分为while引导的让步状语从句。while在此意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although/tho
19、ugh。The Renaissance(from the 14th to the 17th century)New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages.As a result，painters concentrated less on religious themes.They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.An important breakthrough during this period was the use of pe
20、rspective by Masaccio(14011428)Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (14521519)，Michelangelo(14751564)，and Raphael(14831520)built upon Giotto and Masaccios innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen55画线部分为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词art。先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的关系词只能用that。Anot
21、her innovation was the use of oil paints.With their deep colours and realism，some of the best oil paintings look like photographs.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(16061669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.In sub
22、ject matter，the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Kings，nobles，and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved.Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mytholog
23、y6Finally，most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.6画线部分是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰paintings。Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid19th century.After that，paintings were no longer need
24、ed to preserve what people and the world looked like.Hence，painters had to find a new way of looking at their art.From this，Impressionism emerged in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet(18401926)called Impression，Sunrise.In this work，Monets aim was to convey th
25、e light and movement in the scenethe subjective impression the scene gave himbut not a detailed record of the scene itself.While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life，others，such as Renoir(18411919)，focused on people.Unlike the cold，blackandwhite photographs of that time period，
26、Renoirs paintings are full of light，shadow，colour，and life.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well.Modern Art(from the 20th century to today)After Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask，“What do we do next？”Painters such as Picass
27、o(18811973)tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way，with Cubism.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dreamlike quality.Still others turned to abstract art.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？”
28、77What they attempted to do 是What引导的主语从句；show reality是省略to的动词不定式短语，因为主语从句中含有实义动词do，表语中的不定式符号to可以省略；but连接两个并列的成分；“What is art？”是the question的同位语。译文参考西方绘画简史什么是西方艺术？很难给一个准确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格迥异，在一篇短文中全部描述出来是不可能的。也许了解西方艺术的最佳方式是看看西方绘画几个世纪以来的发展历程。中世纪(5至15世纪)在中世纪，西方艺术旨在向人们宣扬基督教。因此，艺术家们对描绘现实景象不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维化
29、，主体人物通常比其他人(所占版面)大得多，以此彰显其重要性。13世纪，乔托迪邦多纳(12671337)开始改变这种现象。虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。他的绘画作品尤其因逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而与其他绘画作品截然不同。文艺复兴时期(14至17世纪)新思想和新价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧思想和旧价值观。因此，画家们更少关注宗教主题。他们开始对生命采取更具人文主义的态度。这一时期的一项重要突破就是马萨乔(14011428)对于透视法的运用。一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多达芬奇(14521519)、米开朗基罗(14751564)和拉斐尔(14831520)，在
30、乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。(该时期的)另一创新是油画颜料的使用。有着很深的色彩和写实，一些最好的油画看起来像照片。尽管早在达芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘画，但伦勃朗(16061669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大师”的雅称。在绘画的主题上，重心越来越多地从宗教主题转移到我们周围的人和世界。国王、贵族和地位很高的人都想购买自己和他们所爱之人的精确画像。其他人想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。最后，大多客户想要购买看上去集美丽与趣味于一体的画作。印象主义(画派)(19世纪末至20世纪初)西方艺术的发展(步伐)开始放缓，直到19世纪中叶照
31、相术的发明。在那之后，不再需要用画作来保存人和世界的面貌。因此，画家们必须寻找新的方式来看待他们的艺术。由此，印象派在法国出现。这个新运动的名字来自克劳德莫奈(18401926)的画作印象日出。在这幅作品里，莫奈试图传达场景中的光线和变化这个场景给他的主观印象而非对场景本身的详细描绘。当许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景时，其他画家，如雷诺阿(18411919)则关注人。与那个时期冷色调的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的画作充满了光影和色彩，极具生命力。他不仅要表现他主题的外在形象，还要表现他们内心的温暖和人性。现代艺术(20世纪至今)继印象主义之后，后来的艺术家们开始发问：“我们接下来做什么呢？”毕加索(18811973)等画家尝试用一种新方式立体主义分析自然界中存在的形状。也有些人给他们的画作赋予逼真却又梦幻的特质。还有些人转向了抽象艺术。他们不再试图展示现实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？”
