1、2012届高考英语实战演练专题阅读理解（116-120）附详析 (第116篇)Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago，and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.My earliest memories of my father are of a tall，handsome，successful man devoted to his
2、 work and family，but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him；as a school girl and young adult (成年人) I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight As and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever
3、I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe. We walked along that afternoon，did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my sons f
4、unny facial expressions. Gone was my fathers critical (挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father，who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his
5、 own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, Im at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, Im delighted with my_new_friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was
6、.5. Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young adult?A. He was silent most of the time.B. He was too proud of himself.C. He did not love his children.D. He expected too much of her.解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight As and unhappy with my boyfriends if
7、their fathers were not as successfulas he was. ”可知，作者小时候怀恨爸爸是因为爸爸对她要求很严厉、很苛刻。答案D6. When the author went out with her father on weekends, she would feel_.A. nervousB. sorryC. tired D. safe解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Whenever I went out with him on weekends，I used to struggle to think up things to say，feeling on g
8、uard.”可知每次和父亲一起外出度周末，她都非常紧张。on guard为固定短语，意为“警戒”。答案A7. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?A. More critical. B. More talkative.C. Gentle and friendly. D. Strict and hardworking.解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段和第四段的描述可知，作者的爸爸其实也很温和、友善。从第三段结尾的几个反问句可以知道。第四段中作者感到和爸爸成了朋友。答案C8. The underline
9、d words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to_.A. the authors sonB. the authors fatherC. the friend of the authors fatherD. the caf owner解析推理判断题。文中的new friend指的是作者的爸爸。作者以前一直以为爸爸是个严厉、苛刻的人，和他相处时，总是感到惧怕和紧张，但是在到了Tucson，和爸爸接触之后才看到爸爸友善的一面，所以作者感到她有了一个新朋友。 (第117篇)Celebrity(名人) has become one of the
10、 most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about specific film，but now the public tends to base its consumption (消费)on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides，fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover b
11、ecause they dont sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result.celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for othersproducts to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines arent a completely new phenomenon，but in the past they were typically
12、aimed at the ordinary consumers，and limited to a few TV actresses. Today theyre started by firstclass stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful startups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experi
13、enced at the market，they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However，for every success story, theres a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the products origin is, if it fails to impress consume
14、rs with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in selfpromotional marketing. And once the initial (最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty (忠诚) returning to triedandtrue labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The popcultural circle might b
15、e bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each_misstep_threatens_to_reduce_a_celebritys_shelf_life,_and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still，the egos (自我的)potential for expansion
16、is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition，many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashionlike celebrityhas always be
17、en temporary.5. Fashion magazines today_.A. seldom put models on the coverB. no longer put models on the coverC. need not worry about celebritiesmarket potentialD. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly解析细节理解题。由第一段“fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting mode
18、ls on the cover”可知答案。答案A6. A change in the consumer market can be found today that_.A. price rather than brand name is more concernedB. producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisementsC. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisementsD. quality rather than the outside of prod
19、ucts is more concerned解析推理判断题。文章第三段论述名人如果高估了自己的形象价值而忽视了质量问题，人们还是最终会失去兴趣而信任质量过硬的品牌。答案D7. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly_.A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his productsB. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the gen
20、eral publicC. cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show businessD. influence the price of a celebritys products解析推理判断题。联系此句上下文：流行文化圈越来越大，但失败的风险也会越来越大，依靠名人效应的品牌一旦失足，影响的不只是名人自己的形象还有企业的效益。A项最全面，其他选项片面或偏离中心。答案A8. The passage is mainly about_.A. celebrity and personal styleB. celebrity and mar
21、ket potentialC. celebrity and fashion designD. celebrity and clothing industry解析主旨大意题。通过对文章的分析可以看出，文章讲的是名人和市场潜能的关系，而不是和个人风格、流行设计、服装工业的关系。答案B (第118篇)Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housew
22、ork a week. “Its a wellknown_pattern，” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigans Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.”He points out that differences among households (家庭) exist.But in general, marriage
23、 means more housework for women and less for men. “And the situation gets worse for women when they have children. ”Stafford said.Overall，times are changing in the American home. In 1976，women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweepinganddusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are
24、taking on more housework, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours，while married women in their 60s and 70s did the mostabout 21 hours a week.Men showed a somewhat different pattern ，with
25、older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. Single men worked the hardest around the house, more than that of all other age groups of married men.Having children increases housework even further. With more than three children, for example, wives took on more of the extra work，clockin
26、g about 28 hours a week compared with husbands 10 hours.语篇解读过去，对于女人来说，结婚意味着每周多做7个小时的家务；对于男人来说，结婚意味着每周少做1小时的家务。而如今，情况却发生了变化。1According to the“wellknown pattern”in Paragraph 1, a married man_.A. takes on heavier workB. does more houseworkC. is the main breadwinnerD. is the master of the house解析猜测词义题。第
27、一段最后一句告诉我们：男人通常在外挣钱养家，而女人则更多负责家务。答案C2How many hours of housework did men do every week in the 1970s?A. About 28. B. About 26.C. About 13. D. About 6.解析事实细节题。第三段最后一句告诉我们：男人在20世纪70年代每周做家务6小时。答案D3What kind of man is doing most housework according to the text?A. An unmarried man.B. An older married man.
28、C. A younger married man.D. A married man with children.解析事实细节题。第五段最后一句告诉我们：单身男子做家务最多。答案A4What can we conclude from Staffords research?A. Marriage gives men more freedom.B. Marriage has effects on job choices.C. Housework sharing changes over time.D. Having children means doubled housework.解析主旨大意题。本
29、文主要告诉我们：男女分担家务随着时间的推移发生了变化。答案C (第119篇)Youre sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns (打哈欠). Suddenly, youre yawning with him，though youre not tired.This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supportin
30、g this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious (有感染力的) yawning，which showed that humans communicate regularly without words.Hugo Critchley，a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will pr
31、ove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley，our mind and body are in constant exchange about how were feeling.“Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses，” he explained. “There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial
32、 expressions. When were in a group，these signals can spread to another person. For example，theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”Hugo Critchley
33、further explained，“Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person，we even copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sittingits pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe its our way of telling each other that were partners. Through body la
34、nguage, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”So，what lessons can we learn from this? “Spend time with happy peopleotherwise your health could suffer，” said Critchley. “When were sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when were happy，our body works
35、normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright，our skin glows，we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”5. According to Hugo Critchley，_.A. emotions are as visible as facial expressionsB. we yawn more frequently when we have a coldC. emotions are connected with states of inter
36、nal responsesD. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions解析细节判断题。从第三段“Emotions are closely linked with states of internal responses”可以看出C项是正确。从第三段“There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions.”可知A项不对。从第三段最后一句话可见D项错误。答案C6. The underlined word
37、 “synchronise” in Paragraph 4 means“_”A. move slowly B. change rapidlyC. relax temporarily D. respond accordingly解析词义猜测题。由synchronise后的“.when we like the other person，we even copy his behavior.”可以看出答案：当我们喜欢对方时，我们就模仿他的行为。答案D7. From the passage we can learn_.A. sadness is as contagious as happinessB.
38、anger is less contagious than friendlinessC. surprise is more contagious than smileD. surprise is the most contagious among emotions解析推理判断题。这四个选项是考查学生对第三段最后一句话的理解“For example，theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise，ange
39、r or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”当人们对我们微笑时，我们显然有微笑的倾向；那些反映惊奇、生气或悲伤的情绪却不太容易受影响而变化。答案B8. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.B. Children like copying the actions of fellow humans.C. S
40、cientists are still confused about contagious yawning.D. People tend to communicate more with body language.解析判断正误题。整篇文章都在论述情绪会对同伴有微妙的影响：第一段举例说明，第二段和第三段用理论说明，第四段讲我们喜欢一个人就会模仿他，因此A项正确。答案A (第120篇)A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worr
41、y that it may be“running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively，will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real
42、 danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference.And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.Some people go even further. They say th
43、at despite the moral and legal objections(反对) ，whatever is scientifically possible will be donesomewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a
44、 safer world.In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of“controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despi
45、te the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响)on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.Therefore，discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyo
46、nd scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.语篇解读最近的一次调查表明了人们对于科学及其如何运用于人类世界的不同态度。尽管大多数人都持积极的态度，但有人认为科学发展及其应用最终可能危害人类。只有通过大家的努力，才能让科学最好地服务于人类。1What can we conclude fro
47、m the recent study?A. People think highly of science.B. People hold mixed opinions about science.C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.解析推理判断题。第一段已点明了全文的主要内容：尽管人们对科学一般都是积极的态度，但最近调查表明还存在着广泛的担忧。答案B2According to the passage, what will happen
48、if we hold that science is getting beyond control?A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.D. People will work more actively to put science under control.解析事实细节题。从
49、第三段最后两句可知答案为C。答案C3The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_.A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomesB. the ties between different areas need strengtheningC. united efforts are necessary for the development of scienceD. people need to work together to prevent the bad u
50、se of science解析推理判断题。最后一段最后一句句意：只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力，我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争，才能让科学最好地服务于人类。答案D4What is the main idea of the passage?A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.B. The development of science mostly lies in peoples attitudes.C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their
51、efforts.D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.解析主旨大意题。第一段表明了全文的主要内容。答案B长难句解读Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference.科学进步如此之快，受商业影响如此之深，让我们有可能认为我们无论做出何
52、种决定都没有什么作用。本句是so.that 的句式结构。that引导的结果状语从句中含有whatever引导的宾语从句。Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques.尽管科学家们普遍认同人类克隆可能会给传统的道德价值观念带来巨大的影响，但有些国家仍然进行与此相关的技术研究及开发。agreement on.就达成共识；impact on.对有影响。
