1、Grammar直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect SpeechI am a beautiful girl.What did the girl say?She said that she was a beautiful girl.直接引语:直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内.(direct speech)间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话(indirect speech)1)She said,“Im a beautiful girl.”She said that she was a beautiful girl.1.句子结构变化：陈述句变为间接引语,要用that引导从句,口语中
2、常可省略主句的谓语动词可用said,也可用told来代替，可以说said that,said to sb.that,told sb.that.2.人称的变化：第一人称随主语，第二人称随宾语，第三人称不变。可简写为：一随主，二随宾，三不变。3.时态的变化一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时1.陈述句:“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddi
3、dntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt likecomputers.SarahRead following sentences,then change into Indirect Speech.He often says,“China is great.”He often says(that)China is great.“I dont want to play football.”he said.He said(that)he didnt want to play football.Read following sentences,the
4、n draw a conclusion of them.He said,“Is Tom an Englishman?”He asked whether/if Tom was an Englishman.He asked me“Do you want to go?”He asked me if/whether I wanted to go.2.一般疑问句变成间接引语,要由连词if/whether引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。2.一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of t
5、he soil?(They asked him)They asked him ifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.2.一般疑问句 He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”He asked(me)whether/if
6、 I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”He asked whether I was interested in English.Read following sentences,then draw a conclusion of them.He said,“Where is she going?”He asked where she was going.He asked me“what did you do?”He asked me what I
7、 had done.3.特殊疑问句变为间接引语,引导词仍用特殊疑问词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，但疑问语序要变为陈述语序.3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heheharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.3.特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?”He asked me what my n
8、ame was.He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.Read following sentences,then draw a conclusion of them.“Tom,”he said to him,“come here,please.”He asked Tom to go there.Father said to me,“Dont do that.”Fath
9、er told me not to do that.4.祈使句变为间接引语时,用ask/tell/order sb.to/not to do sth.连接。直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词 this,that,these thosenow,then,todaythat day this week that week yesterday the day before last weekthe week beforefour days agofour days beforethe day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the
10、next daynext monththe next month here there come,go,bring take直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldShould（不变）willwouldwouldWould（不变）maymightmightMight（不变）cancouldcouldCould（不变）mustMust/had toShe says that shell never forget the days in the country.2.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says,“Ill never forget
11、 the days in the country.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said,“The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”Finish the exercise at Activity 2,Page 26.Answers:1.volcanic eruptions did
12、nt happen very often on the island.2.no one was/had been on the island during the volcanic eruption.3.the thunderstorm would put out the fires.4.the residents could go back to their homes.5.several eruptions had taken place in the previous 20 years ago.6.the residents would travel back to the island
13、 when the danger was over.Change the following sentences into indirect speech.1.He asked me,“You are a student,arent you?”2.“Where is the station?”said Tom.3.“Why dont you stay here over the weekend?”she said.He asked me if I was a student.Tom asked where the station was.She suggested I should stay
14、here over the weekend.Exercises:4.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”5.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”6.Tom said“I will see you next week.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the ne
15、xt week.7.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.8.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.9.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.10.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.His friends asked him,“Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.Homework Review the knowledge of direct speech and indirect speech and summarize the rules.
