1、Grammar&UsageUnit 1 Noun Clauses 名词性从句一。名词性从句概述：名词性从句相当于一个名词，可以在复合句中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语，相应地称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。When they will start has not been decided yet.(主语从句)I think(that)he is right.(宾语从句)That is where he was born.(表语从句)We heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句)二。名词性从句的构成：1。陈述型：由陈述句转化而来。由th
2、at引导，在表语从句，宾语从句中可以省略。He is right.I think so.I think(that)he is right.2.一般疑问型：由一般疑问句转化而来，由whether/if 引导，但if只用于宾语从句。Will it rain tomorrow?I dont know.I dont know whether/if it will rain tomorrow.3.特殊疑问型：由特殊疑问句转化而来，引导词即为它们的特殊疑问词。When will they start?It has not been decided yet.When they will start has
3、not been decided yet.共同特点：全部用陈述句语序。三。名词性从句的分类：（一）主语从句：1。主语从句在复合句中从当主语。2。连接词：that,whether是否,连接代词who(谁),what,which(哪一个)连接副词when(何时，.的时候),where(何地，.的地方),how(如何),why(为什么，.的原因)等。That English is being used by more and more people is a fact.（that不做成分，只起连接作用，不可省）What we need is more time.Who will go there i
4、s not important.3.主语从句放在句首时，句子显得笨重，可以用it作形式主语。That English is being used by more and more people is a fact.It is a fact that English is being used by more and more people.4.主语从句不可位于句首的几种情况：1)It doesnt matter how/whether.It doesnt matter whether he likes or not.2)It is said(reported.)that.It is said
5、that we will have an exam next week.3)It happens/occurs to sb.that.It happens to him that he has forgotten to lock the door.（二）宾语从句1。宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语。2。连接词：that（一般可省）,whether,if连接代词who,what,which 连接副词when,where,how,why等。3。作宾语的几种情况：1）作动词的宾语I wish(that)she could understand me.I think(that)he is right.2)作
6、介词的宾语Whether we can succeed depends on how we cooperate.注：介词后的宾语从句不能由that引导，但在in,execpt后可由that引导。The problem lies in that the mist may become a thick fog.介词后的宾语从句由whether引导,不用if.we talked about whether we would buy the TV.3)作形容词的宾语I am afraid that I have made a mistake.4.it 作形式宾语He has made it clear
7、 that he wont agree to the plan.他说得很清楚，他不会同意这个计划的。（三）表语从句1。表语从句在复合句中充当系动词的表语。2。系动词：be,look,remain,seem,appear等。3。连接词：that（一般可省）,whether,as if连接代词who,what,which 连接副词when,where,how,why等。It seems that/as if it is going to rain.This is why Jack got scolded.这就是杰克受训斥的原因。That is where he was born.那就是他出生的地方
8、。常用结构：The reason.is that(不用because)It(this,that)is beacuse.The reason（why he didnt come）is that he is ill.I was late for school.That is because I got up late this morning.（四）同位语从句1。同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语，对名词作进一步的解释，说明名词的具体内容。We heard the news that our team had won.2。能接同位语从句的名词有：idea,news,fact,promise,doubt
9、,belief,hope,rumour,suggestion,information,conclusion,evidence,problem,order,decision,explanation,opinion等。3。同位语从句一般由that 引导，that在从句中不做成分，不可省略。有时也可以用whether/if,what,which,who,when,where,why,how引导。They expressed the hope that they would come to China again.You have no idea how worried I was!你不知道我是多么地
10、担心！There is some doubt whether he will come.注：有时同位语从句，可以不跟在它所说明的名词的后面，而是被别的词隔开。An idea came to her mind that she might go shopping this afternoon.4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别：从语法的角度，定语从句的that既代替先行词，又在从句中作成分（主语/宾语/表语），that 作宾语时，可以省略；而同位语从句的that只起连接主从句的作用，不充当任何成分，且不可省。It is a fact that he has done her best.It is a
11、 fact(that we have heard).从语义的角度，定语从句相当于形容词，与先行词是所属关系；而同位语从句相当于名词，等同于前面的名词，是同位关系，对名词作补充说明。定语从句中的先行词可以是表示抽象概念或具体概念的词；而同位语从句中的名词表示抽象概念的词。practice1.-I think it is going to be a big problem.-Yes,it could be.-I wonder _we can do about it.A.if B.how C.what D.that2._is no possibility _Bob can win the first
12、 prize in the match.A.There;that B.It;whatC.There;whether D.It;whether3.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do.A.how B.after C.what D.when4.Can you tell me _?A.who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is whoC.who that gentleman isD.whom is that gentleman5.He didnt know which room_.A.they
13、 lived B.they lived inC.did they live D.did they live in6.To get the job started,_I need is from here.A.which B./C.what D.that7.In some countries _is called“equality”doesnt really mean equal rights for all people.A.which B.what C.that D.one8.Go and get your coat.Its _you left it.A.there B.whereC.the
14、re where D.where there9._you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.who C.That D.Whether10.The reason_I plan to go is _she will be disappointed _I dont.A.why;because;when B.why;that;ifC.because;that;if D.why;that;whether11.-_can I do with a situation?-Take _ measure you consider best.A.How;wh
15、ichever B.What;whateverC.How;whatever D.What;whichever12._ she said suggested that she hadnt decided _ to go or not.A.What;if B.That;whetherC.What;whether D.Whether;what13.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A.that B.if C.what D.that if 14._ would like to devote his w
16、hole life to his country should go _ there are all kinds of difficulties.A.Who;somewhere B.Whoever;whereC.Whatever;anywhere D.Who;there15.-Can I sit in the front row?-Yes.You can take _seat you like.A.whatever B.whatC.whichever D.which16.They lost their way in the forest and _made matters worse was _night began to fall.A.what;that B.it;that C.what;when D.which;what17._gone is gone._no use talking about it any more.A.Thats;Its B.Whats;ItsC.Its;Thats D.Thats;thats18.I didnt quite follow you.What was _you just said about the place?A.where B.whichC.that D.how
