1、山东德州2013届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精练精析29（A）(Medical Xpress) In a new study published in PLoS Medicine, researchers have shown that it is not only the American habit of “super-sizing” meals that is leading to obesity, but the number of snacks and meals that are being eaten throughout the day. The study, led by pr
2、ofessor of nutrition Barry Popkin from the University of North Carolina, looked at data from food studies conducted as far back as the 1970s and discovered that Americans have increased their daily caloric intake. In 19771978, Americans were consuming on average 1, 803 kcal and in 20032006 that numb
3、er had jumped up to 2, 374. The study examined the amount of calories in a specific amount of food, portion sizes that were consumed and how many snacks and meals were consumed within a day. Looking at the results, the researchers concluded that portion size and the amount of meals and snacks eaten
4、are the biggest factors responsible for the change. According to the numbers, the number of daily meals and snacks in 1977 was 3. 8 but rose to 4. 8 in 2006. However, the top 10 percent of surveys showed that the number of meals and snacks was as high as seven per day. It appears that in the last fe
5、w years, portion size seems to be stabilizing, however the total number of calories consumed is increasing. A main reason behind this is the daily consumption of more than 220 more calories consumed daily from soft drinks than in years past. While much diet and health advice over the years has sugge
6、sted eating more frequent small meals, it appears the idea of eating more frequently is understood but the foods chosen are not correct. Eating small, frequent meals can boost your metabolism（新陈代谢） and control hunger more than eating three big meals a day, however, if these smaller meals are high-ca
7、lorie and salty options, the benefits are not seen. According to the Centers for Disease Control, as many as 25 percent of Americans are obese and these findings suggest that a new focus needs to be placed on portion size and snacking habits in order to reduce those numbers. 1. Whats the main idea o
8、f the passage? A. American snacking habits to blame for obesity. B. American meals. C. American favourite diets. D. American meals and snacks. 2. How does Barry Popkin know Americans have increased their daily caloric intake? A. By comparing some data. B. By doing some experiments. C. By making a su
9、rvey among people. D. By observing the restaurants. 3. Why is the total number of calories consumed increasing though portion size may not change? A. Because more soft drinks are consumed by people. B. Because more fat is consumed by people. C. Because the restaurants offer more dishes. D. Because t
10、he restaurants offer larger meals. 4. The underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 5 means _ . A. destroyB. harmC. improveD. correct (B)Young women are more adventurous than young men when travelling abroad in gap years. One in three female backpackers visits more than three countries during a year out
11、and travels alone, according to new research. By contrast, the majority of their male counterparts visit only one country and tend to travel in groups, says a survey by the Gap Year company, which provides information and services for students considering taking a year out. More women than men say t
12、hat their prime reason for taking time off is to see the world and experience different cultures. Men were more likely to rank“having fun” higher on their list of preferences. Women were more likely to value the challenge of a foreign trip, and many cited reasons such as learning a language and meet
13、ing new people. The more adventurous gap years taken by women seem to work to their benefit; more than three quarters of those surveyed reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence, whereas only half of the men had that experience. The research also showed that women were more likel
14、y to do voluntary work while travelling, with more than one in ten helping with teaching or development projects. One of the reasons given for this is a wish to see the country in an authentic light. A greater proportion（比例）of women than men faced objections or criticism from their families over the
15、ir gap-year plans. Among the men surveyed, lack of money was the main barrier to travel. Carolyn Martin, a doctor from London, was a typically confident female traveller. Starting in Cape Town, she travelled around southern Africa and Australia with a string of unusual and sometimes dangerous jobs.
16、“I had one job chasing elephants off the runway in Africa by banging a stick against a pan，” she recalled. “It was OK but one day I did get chased by one. ”She said that she had travelled alone because“you meet more people”. 5. By referring to “gap year” the writer means _ . A. a gap you come across
17、 after leaving high schoolB. a time when you are caught in a dilemma between work and studyC. a period before you find a job upon your graduation from collegeD. a year off between high school and college for certain purposes6. According to the article, _ . A. most of the women students will travel a
18、broad during the summer holidaysB. one third of the women students will travel abroad in a yearC. women students are more likely to travel abroad alone in gap yearsD. women students are willing to travel abroad in groups7. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Men students will travel less d
19、uring the gap year because of their part-time jobs. B. Women students will travel more in gap years but face more objections over their gap-year plans. C. The article suggests that women travelling alone will have dangerous experiences. D. Men students prefer to travel inside their own country rathe
20、r than go abroad. 8. Which of the following would be the best title of the article? A. Girls Get the Best out of Gap YearsB. Boys Lack Courage in Gap YearsC. For Fun or for Adventure? D. Young Women Are More Adventurous答案解析1. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段、第三段的最后一句以及下文可知，本文主要讲了美国人的肥胖是由于快餐和大餐造成的。故选A。2. 【解析】选A。推理
21、判断题。根据第二段可知，Barry Popkin是参考了一些数据得出的结论。故选A。3. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，人们每天多摄入的220多卡的热量主要来自软饮料。故选A。4. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据上下文可猜出此处指“少吃多餐可以促进新陈代谢和控制饥饿”。boost推进，促进。故选C。5. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。文章第二段提到students，所以相比之下，D项最适合。在英国等国家，年轻人会有“空档年”，即上完高中、上大学之前的这段时间。而C项是最大的干扰项，由常识可知，大学毕业后，学生一般都得忙着找工作，然后上班，没有足够的时间去旅行，所以D项比C项更
22、贴切。6. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。在文章前两段中，作者提到“三分之一的女性在空档年会独自旅行”，而男性更倾向于团体旅行。A项应该是gap years，而不是the summer holidays，B项表示泛指，本文是特指在空档年出游，故B项中的in a year是不正确的。D项women改为men则正确。7. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第六段第一句A greater proportion of women than men faced objections or criticism from their families over their gap-year plans. 可知，女性更
23、喜欢在空档年出游，但与男性相比，她们面临更多的反对意见。8. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章第三段提到女性旅行原因是了解世界、体验不同的文化、学习语言、认识新朋友。在第四段中作者提到“more than three quarters of those surveyed reported increased confidence, self-reliance and independence（超过四分之三的女性通过旅行会增强自信、自立和独立）”，而只有一半的男性有同样的体验。所以A项正确。D项是最大的干扰项，其实D项与原文第一段首句相比缺少了关键的状语限定部分（when travelling abroad in gap years）。
