1、课下题型练(三)Using Language.阅读理解AWhen early humans killed a mammoth, how did they keep the meat before they could eat it all? We dont know; maybe they didnt.But perhaps they preserved their mammoth steaks in salt.However, it is hard to know for sure.We do know for certain that by 3，000 years ago, the Bab
2、ylonians, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting.They used salt to preserve food.For thousands of years, salting was a common way to preserve food.But for a long time, no one knew why salt worked.Then, in the 1800s, a Frenchman named Louis Pasteur discovered the secret：bacteria.What does
3、salt have to do with bacteria? First, bacteria need moisture to grow and multiply.Salt pulls moisture out of food, so the bacteria no longer have enough moisture.Besides, salt is poisonous to many bacteria.If you cover food with salt, bacteria outside the food die before they get in, and bacteria al
4、ready in the food are poisoned by the salt.So how do you preserve food with salt? For meat or fish, you pour on a layer of salt, then rub it in well.Hams are often made this way.Another way is to alternate layers of food and salt in a big container.The salt will draw the moisture out of the food, cr
5、eating brine that the food sits in.Youll need to make sure the brine completely covers the food; any food left exposed to the air will spoil.If you preserve cabbage this way, youll make sauerkraut.How well salt preserves food depends on how much is used.The more salt, the longer the food is preserve
6、d.Unfortunately, using enough salt to preserve food for a very long time can cause problems.It can make food tough.It can destroy flavor.And, of course, it can make the food too salty to eat, which is harmful to our health.Today, even though we no longer rely on salt to keep our food fresh, we haven
7、t lost our taste for salt.We dont want to give up our bacon, salami, and watermelon pickles!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用，如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量问题。1Why are examples of the ancient people mentioned in the first paragraph?ATo make an introduction to the topic.BTo explain our ancestors we
8、re very clever.CTo tell us the ancient people had a lot of food to eat.DTo show the ancient people were good at preserving food.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段中的When early humans killed a mammoth, how did they keep the meat before they could eat it all？以及We do know for certain that by 3，000 years ago, the Babyloni
9、ans, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting.再根据第二段第一句For thousands of years, salting was a common way to preserve food.可知，第一段提到古人的例子是为了引入主题。故选A。2Which of the following will the author probably agree with?AIf you want to make a ham, you should keep it in brine.BIf you want to make sauerkra
10、ut, youd better pour on a layer of salt and rub it.CTo keep our food longer, you should put as much salt on the food as possible.DPeople neednt give up salty food completely as long as they control the amount.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知，D选项(人们不必完全放弃咸的食物，只要他们控制用量)作者可能会认同。故选D。3Whats the authors purpose in
11、writing the text?ATo explain how the ancient people preserve food.BTo tell us how salt works in preserving food.CTo persuade people to give up salty food.DTo introduce the way of preserving food with salt.解析：选D写作目的题。根据第二段第一句For thousands of years, salting was a common way to preserve food.可知几千年来，腌制是
12、一种常见的保存食物的方法。文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用、如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量问题。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍用盐腌制食物的方法。故选D。BYou might easily gain access to fresh fruit and vegetables, but this isnt the case in some parts of America.The US has many areas that are considered as food deserts, which are defined as parts of the country short of f
13、resh fruit, vegetables and other healthy food, usually found in poor areas.Food deserts are urban areas where the nearest grocery store is more than 1 mile away, and rural areas where the nearest grocery store is more than 10 miles away.According to the USDA, 19 million Americans or 6.2% of the popu
14、lation live in places that can be considered as food deserts.The issue isnt necessarily about the difference in cost between healthy and unhealthy foods in these areas but its about a lack of access to healthy choices at all.And, with the lack of healthy food choices, these areas typically have a la
15、rge supply of unhealthy foods sold at fastfood companies and convenience stores.Eating unhealthy foods can lead to overweight, which puts people at risk for all kinds of major health issues, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and some cancers.But some people, especially those who cannot a
16、fford a car, are stuck with eating whats readily available.In the case of food deserts, its usually the type of food that can lead to overweight.Studies have shown that this is likely to be a problem in lowincome areas.When money is not enough, people tend to buy foods that last longer and remove fo
17、od waste, which is a waste of their limited income.Lack of access is only one part of the problem, however.The bigger issue was likely the lack of education and nutritional knowledge in these communities, which prevents people with lower incomes from understanding the benefits of healthy eating.Whil
18、e overweight is a significant issue in these communities, the cost of unhealthy eating isnt just physical.A study found that 71 billion dollars in healthcare costs due to chronic (慢性的) diseases could be saved through healthier eating.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在美国有一些食物荒漠地区，那里的人很难接触到新鲜的蔬菜和水果，只能大量购买不健康的食品。但造成这种现象的
19、深层原因是，那些地方的人缺乏教育和营养方面的知识。4What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A6.2% of the Americans live in poor areas.BSome parts of the USA lack fresh vegetables.CSome people in America dont need fresh fruit.DPeople in the food deserts buy fresh vegetables easily.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的You might easily ga
20、in access to fresh fruit and vegetables, but this isnt the case in some parts of America.和第二段中的According to the USDA, 19 million Americans or 6.2% of the population live in places that can be considered as food deserts.可推测，美国的一些地区严重缺乏新鲜的水果和蔬菜。故选B项。5Why can fastfood companies sell large amounts of un
21、healthy food in the food deserts?AThese areas are rich in unhealthy food materials.BThe fast food sold in the food deserts are of lower cost.CHealthy food choices are unavailable in these areas.DPeople in these areas prefer unhealthy food to healthy food.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段中的And, with the lack of healt
22、hy food choices, these areas typically have a large supply of unhealthy foods sold at fastfood companies and convenience stores.可知，在食物荒漠地区存在大量快餐公司售卖不健康食品的原因是：当地人缺乏健康食品的选择。故选C项。6We can learn from Paragraph 5 that the lowincome people. Aare less likely to have overweight problemsBare not delighted to
23、prepare food for themselvesChave to buy food that can be preserved longerDare used to eating food donated by food companies解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段中的When money is not enough, people tend to buy foods that last longer and remove food waste, which is a waste of their limited income.可知，当钱不够时，人们倾向于购买可以储存更久的食物。故
24、选C项。7What stops people from understanding healthy eating benefits in the food deserts?ATheir high healthcare cost due to the chronic diseases.BTheir long established eating habits.CThe governments lack of financial support.DTheir lack of education and knowledge in nutrition.解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The b
25、igger issue was likely the lack of education and nutritional knowledge in these communities, which prevents people with lower incomes from understanding the benefits of healthy eating.可知，在食物荒漠地区缺乏教育和营养知识使得人们无法理解健康食物的好处。故选D项。.阅读七选五The world is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors,
26、 and different cultures.Its important to have a good understanding of different cultures in order to become a wellrounded person. 1 One way is to read books written by authors from a particular culture.Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to
27、gain an authentic glimpse into the food, music, language, religion, and way of a life of a particular group of people. 2 Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language. 3 A person can choose a language she has always wanted to learn and locate learning programs t
28、o help her master the language.Besides, one can enroll in a foreign language class in order to learn in a more formal setting.One can also try to visit areas of the city to establish social connection with native speakers of the language. 4 Seek out restaurants that feature authentic food from a var
29、iety of countries.Food is an important part of different cultures and allows people to gain deep understanding into a particular cultural groups way of life.Communicating with people from other countries through email or snail mail is another useful way to become familiar with different cultures. 5
30、Various websites offer pen pal services, offering to connect individuals with pen friends around the world.ATrying authentic food from a specific cultural group is also a great idea.BThe Internet has made it possible to communicate with others from different countries.CMaking contact with native spe
31、akers of the language allows one to gain firsthand knowledge.DThere are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures.EStories based on a local culture expose one to a different culture.FOne way to develop this appreciation is to try to team about other cultures around the world.GA v
32、ariety of languagelearning books, software, and audio programs is available.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。世界是由不同语言、不同肤色和不同文化构成的丰富多彩的景观，因此，欣赏不同的文化很重要。文章介绍了几种可以欣赏不同文化的方法。1选D前文Its important to have a good understanding of different cultures in order to become a wellrounded person.与D项There are several ways to become kn
33、owledgeable about different cultures.承接自然，different cultures是关键词，且D项在此处起开启下文的作用，故选D项。2选E上文Reading works by authors who have a close relationship with a particular culture allows people to gain an authentic glimpse into the food, music, language, religion, and way of a life of a particular group of p
34、eople.与E项Stories based on a local culture expose one to a different culture.承接自然，上下文都讲述基于当地文化的著作，particular culture和local culture是关键词，故选E项。3选G前文Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language.与G项A variety of languagelearning books, software, and audio programs is
35、available.承接自然，上文讲述通过学习语言来学习一种文化，G项紧接着讲述如何学习语言，language是关键词，故选G项。4选A本段讲述通过食物来了解文化，A项Trying authentic food from a specific cultural group is also a great idea.与下文承接自然，上下文话题一致，food是关键词，故选A项。5选B下文Various websites offer pen pal services, offering to connect individuals with pen friends around the world.
36、与B项The Internet has made it possible to communicate with others from different countries.承接自然，上下文都讲述通过网络来与别的国家的人交流，website和Internet是关键词，故选B项。.应用文写作假定你是李华，你每周日上午都会去交换生Alice那里教她制作中式早餐。本周日的安排因你爷爷生日而改到下午。请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括：1本周学习时间变更及原因；2本周学习内容：制作包子(steamed stuffed bun)；3课前准备：面粉、猪肉及蔬菜。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以
37、使行文连贯。参考范文：Dear Alice，Hows everything going?I am writing to inform you that I have to change the time for the next lesson from morning to afternoon because this Sunday will be my grandfathers birthday, and all my families will get together in the morning to celebrate.The content of the next lesson is to learn making steamed stuffed buns, which are very common on Chinese peoples breakfast list.To prepare for the lesson, I suggest you buy some flour, pork and vegetables ahead of time.Contact me if you have any problem with my arrangement.Yours，Li Hua
