1、Section Learning about Language&Using LanguageUnit 4 Global warming重点单词写作词汇1._ adj.分布广的；普遍的2._ adj.平均的 3._ adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的4._ n环境；情况5._ vt.使恢复；使振作 6._ adj.电的；与电有关的 widespreadaveragecasualcircumstancerefreshelectrical重点单词拓展词汇7._ n生存；存在exist v存在8._ vt.拥护；提倡；主张advocator n拥护者 9._ n承诺；交托；信奉commit v向保证
2、10._ n污染；弄脏pollute vt.污染pollutant n污染物 existenceadvocatecommitmentpollution重点单词拓展词汇11._ n分歧；不一致disagree vi.不同意 12._ n增长；生长grow vi.生长；增长 13._ n教育工作者；教育家educate v教育education n教育 14._ n贡献contribute v贡献；捐助 disagreementgrowtheducatorcontribution重点单词阅读词汇15.economical adj._ 16.hectare n._ 17.outer adj._ 18
3、.individual n._ adj._19.motor n_20.can n._ 21.microwave n._ 22.slogan n._ 23.heading n._ 节约的；经济的公顷外部的；外面的个人；个体单独的；个别的发动机容器；罐头微波炉；微波口号；标语标题重点短语1._ 大体上；基本上2._代表一方；作为的代言人 3._忍受；容忍 4._只要 5._等等6._ 开大，调高7._有影响，有区别8._实施，执行 9._对几乎没有影响 10._ 代替；而不是 on the wholeon behalf ofput up withso long asand so onturn up
4、make a differencecarry outhave little effect oninstead of重点句型1.so/as long as 意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _(只要你在使用它)if not,turn it off！2.It takes.to do sth.花费做某事_(需要花费大量的能源)to make things from new materials,so,if you can,buy things made from recycled materials.so long
5、as you It takes a lot of energyare using itRead the text carefully and then choose the best answer according to the text.1What can we do about global warming in our house according to Earth Care?ADo not use any electrical appliance.BNever watch TV.CTry to save as much electricity as possible.DRide a
6、 bike instead of using a car.2 According to Earth Care,after drinking a cola,we should_Athrow the can awayBbuy another oneCstart working as soon as possibleDkeep the can for recycling3Who is the writer of the first letter?AAn editor.BOuyang Guang.CEarth Care.DB and C.4Whats the main idea of the two
7、letters?ASome organizations should do something about global warming.BSuggestions on what to do about global warming.CIndividuals neednt do anything about global warming.DGovernments should take measures about global warming.答案：14.CDBBon behalfbIhf of 代表一方；作为的代言人individualIndIvIdln个人；个体 adj.单独的；个别的h
8、ave little effect on 对几乎没有影响(该短语中 effect 为不可数名词)advocatedvkeItvt.拥护；提倡；主张commitmentkmItmntn.承诺；交托；信奉make a difference(to.)(对)有关系，有影响put up with 忍受；容忍pollutionplunn.污染；弄脏growthrn.增长；生长electricalIlektrIkladj.电的；与电有关的applianceplaInsn.用具；工具；器具as long as 只要casualkladj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的be casual about.对漫不经心an
9、d so on 等等motormtn.发动机canknn.容器；罐头circumstanceskmstnsn.环境；情况economicaliknmIkladj.节约的；经济的economic adj.经济上的，经济学的economics n经济学microwavemaIkrweIvn.微波炉；微波refreshrIfrevt.使恢复；使振作21 educatoredkeItn.教育工作者；教育家22 contributionkntrIbjunn.贡献make contributions to 对做出贡献23 count vi.重要【核心素养链接】低碳生活(low carbon living)
10、，就是指生活作息时要尽力减少所消耗的能量，特别是二氧化碳的排放量，从而减少对大气的污染。低碳生活既是一种生活方式，同时也是一种生活理念，更是一种可持续发展的环保责任。低碳生活，从我做起：拒绝塑料袋 巧用废旧品远离一次性 提倡水循环出行少开车 用电节约化办公无纸化 购物需谨慎植物常点缀 争做志愿者WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?Dear Earth Care，I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Sometimes I feel that individuals c
11、an have little effect on such huge environmental problems.However,I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.As Im not sure where to start with my project,I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.Thank you!Ouyang Guang画线部分为省略 that 的宾语从句，在宾语从句中“we use ener
12、gy today”是一个省略了 that 或 in which 的定语从语，从句修饰先行词 the way。As 引导原因状语从句，“where to start with my project”在此为“特殊疑问词动词不定式短语”作宾语。Dear Ouyang Guang，There are many people who have a commitment like yours,but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment.That is not true.Toget
13、her,individuals can make a difference.We do not have to put up with pollution.who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 many people。“they have the power to do anything.”为省略了连接词 that的宾语从句，其中不定式短语“to do anything.”作后置定语，修饰 the power。The growth of the greenhouse gas,carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many t
14、hings we do every day.Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it.They should get you started with your project.1 We use a lot of energy in our houses.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not,turn it off!Do not be casual about this.So if you are not using the
15、 lights,the TV,the computer,and so on，turn them off.If you are cold,put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.本句为主从复合句，so long as 引导条件状语从句，主句中 It是形式主语，动词不定式短语“to leave.on”是真正的主语，“leave an electrical appliance on”是“leave宾语宾补”结构，副词 on 作宾补。2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energyso walk or ride a
16、bike if you can.3 Recycle cans，bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials,so,if you can,buy things made from recycled materialsIt 在此为形式主语，动词不定式短语“to make things from new materials”是真正的主语。过去分词短语“made from recycled mater
17、ials”为后置定语，修饰 things。4 Get your parents to buy things that are economicalwith energythis includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard,as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at themthat 引
18、导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是 things。“as they absorb carbon dioxide.at them”为 as 引导的原因状语从句，从句中含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。6 Finally and most importantly,be an educator.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.Rememberyour contribution counts!Earth Care关于全球变暖，我们能做些什么呢？亲爱的
19、“关爱地球”(组织)：我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而，我仍认为人们应该提倡改进当今能源消耗的方式。因为我还不确定该从哪里着手我的专题研究，所以我会感激你们所提出的任何建议。谢谢！欧阳光亲爱的欧阳光：有许多人跟你有同感，但是，他们不相信他们有能力为改善我们的环境做些事情。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。空气中的温室气体(即二氧化碳)的增加的确起因于我们每天做的许多事情。有几条关于如何减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应该能够使你开始你的专题研究。1在室内我们会用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器
20、设备，你可以让它开着如果不用，就把它关掉！不要对此漫不经心。因此，如果你不用电灯、电视、电脑等，就把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷，就多穿点衣服而不要把暖气调高。2机动车耗费大量的能源。因此，如果你可以，就步行或骑自行车吧。3如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料制造物品需要大量的能源，因此，如果你可以，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。4让你的父母去买那些能节省能源的产品吧，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉这样较小的东西。5在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，因为它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，当你看到它们的时候你会觉得精神振奋。6最后也是最重要的，要教育他人。和你的家人、朋友谈一谈全球变暖，并
21、把你学到的东西告诉他们。记住你的贡献是有价值的！“关爱地球”(组织)on the whole 大体上；基本上(教 材 P28)On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.总的来说，地球变暖是个引起广泛关注的现象。表示“总体上；总之”的短语荟萃：generally(speaking)/in general 通常来说；总的来说 in a word/in short/in conclusion 总之On the whole,she felt that the judgement was
22、 fair.总的说来，她觉得这个判决是公平的。On the whole,I subscribe to your fiveyear plan.总的来说，我同意你的这个五年计划。链接写作完成句子总的来说，我高度评价你在会议上提出的计划。_,I_ you put forward at the meeting.On the whole/In a wordthink highly of the planaverage adj.平均的；普通的 n平均数(2016天津卷)As the average age of the population increases,there are more and mor
23、e old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老年人需要照顾。an average of 平均有(后跟数词)on(the)average 平均起来 above/below(the)average 在平均水平以上/以下 up to average 达到平均数；达到一般水准On average,people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do.通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人更健康。即学即练单句语法填空Men lose _ average of 34 cm in height as they age,whi
24、le women may lose 5 cm or more.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.anaboveon behalf of 代表一方；作为的代言人(教材 P30)I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。(1)on sb.s behalf 代表某人(2)represent sb.代表某人On behalf of every
25、one here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.我代表这里的每个人，祝你们回国旅途愉快。My husband could not be here tonight,but I want to thank you on his behalf.今晚我丈夫有事不能前来，我代表他向你们致谢。链接写作一句多译我谨代表我全家对你们的帮助表示真诚的感谢。_,Id like to express my sincere gratitude for your help.(分词作状语)_,Id like to express my sincere
26、 gratitude for your help.(介词短语)Representing my whole familyOn behalf of my whole familyadvocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张(教 材 P30)However,I still think people should advocateimprovements in the way we use energy today.然而我仍认为人们应该提倡改进当今能源消耗的方式。(1)advocate doing sth.提倡做某事 advocate that.(should)do sth.提倡(应该)做某事(2)an
27、advocate of 的提倡者We advocate giving up smoking in order to keep fit.为了保持健康，我们提倡戒烟。It is advocated that smoking should be banned in the building.有人提倡大楼内禁止吸烟。链接写作完成句子中国政府提倡我们应该过低碳生活。The Chinese government advocates that we _should live a lowcarbon lifemake a difference 有影响，有区别，有不同(教材 P30)Together,indiv
28、iduals can make a difference.众人拾柴火焰高。make some difference 有些影响 make no difference 没有影响 make a big difference to sb.对某人有很大影响Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.锻炼对你的健康状况大有影响。She insists that it does not make any difference to her.她坚持认为那件事对她来说没有什么影响。made a difference to链接写作词汇升级(
29、普通表达)I appreciate your suggestion very much,which has affected me.(高级表达)I appreciate your suggestion very much,which has _ me.put up with 容忍；忍受(经典例句)I can put up with the house being untidy,but I hate it if its not clean.我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌它不干净。(1)put up with/bear/stand/tolerate 容忍；忍受(2)put aside 节省；储
30、蓄，储存 put forward 提出建议；把向前拨 put off 延期，推迟 put up 提出；提高；留宿；张贴 put away 收藏起来；储存Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。Dont be discouraged.If you put away such feelings,you will do better next time.别气馁！如果你把这种情绪放置一边，你下次会做得更好。即学即练用 put 的相关短语填空A suggestion has been _ that
31、we should recycle the textbooks.He decided that he would drive back to town instead of _ for the night at the hotel.(2016 北 京 卷)A week before Earth Day,posters were _ around our school,calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.put forwardputting upput up链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)Hell have to fi
32、nd some other work for he cant stand/bear this loud noise any more.(高级表达)Hell have to find some other work for he cant _ this loud noise any more.put up with/toleratecircumstance n环境；情况(通常用作复数形式)(教材 P30)Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋
33、和报纸回收利用起来。under/in.circumstances 在情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不(位于句首时倒装)We cant take measures until weve known all the circumstances.直到摸清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。Under such circumstances,he is likely to lose heart.在这样的情况下，他有可能会失去信心。链接写作完成句子我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。My teacher always reminds me that
34、 under no circumstances _my learning goals once I set them.should I abandoncontribution nC贡献；捐款(教材 P30)Rememberyour contribution counts!记住你的贡献是有价值的！(1)make a contribution/contributions to(doing)sth.对(做)某事做出贡献(2)contribute to.导致；向投稿；有助于Those who have made a great contribution to human beings and soci
35、ety will never be forgotten.那些为人类和社会做出巨大贡献的人将永远不会被人们遗忘。Finally,some good English study websites contribute a lot tomy improvement in English.最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我英语水平的提高起了很大作用。即学即练单句语法填空We must make a contribution to _(protect)the environment.Our school called on us to contribute _ the floodhit area.prot
36、ectingtoshould make链接写作完成句子作为一名中学生，我提倡我们应该为社会做些贡献。As a middle school student,I advocate that we _ society.some contributions toso long as 引导条件状语从句(教材 P30)It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not，turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着如果不用，就把它关掉！(1)so long asas long as“只要
37、”，引导条件状语从句。(2)本句中 if not 是 if you are not using it 的省略形式。if 后常跟so 或 not 来代替上文内容。其他类似的用法有：if any 如果有 if necessary 如果有必要 if ever 如果曾有过的话 if possible 如果可能You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以把书借给你。You should finish the project on time.If not,you will be in trouble.你应该按时完成这项工程。否则，你会有麻烦的。链接写作完成句子只要坚持练习，你就会提高你的阅读理解能力。_,you will improve your reading comprehension.我们已经准备好，必要时为自己的权利而战。We are ready to fight for our rights _.As long as you keep practicingif necessary本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放
