1、Unit 2 English around the worldUsing language and reading in workbook汉语方言分布图There is no such thing as“standard English”.What people usually mean by this is grammatical English.However,there are many variants of what is considered standard or grammatical ways of saying things.These variants are calle
2、d dialects.All countries have dialects and because the USA is so large it has many too.Lead instandard 标准,规格dialect 方言southern 南部的midwestern中西部的Spanish 西班牙的New wordsplay a part 扮演一个角色eastern 东部的northwestern 西北方的recognize 辨认出,认出1.Why are there so many dialects in the US?Because people have come from
3、all over the world.Geography also plays a part in making dialects.Its believed to be the English spoken on TV and the radio.2.Whats the standard English?Read the passage and answer the questions.3.Can you tell an interesting or funny story that shows great difference between dialects in Chinese/Engl
4、ish?Example:keys or kiss One friend of mine was giving an English lesson to a class of adults who had recently come to live in the United States.After placing quite a number of everyday objects on a table he asked various members of the class to give him the ruler,the book,the penand so on.The class
5、 went very smoothly,and the students seemed interested and serious about the work that they were engaged in until my friend turned to an Italian and said,“Give me the keys.”The man looked surprised and somewhat at a loss(有点手足无措).Seeing this,my friend thought thatthe student hadnt heard him clearly,s
6、o he repeated,“Give me the keys.”The Italian shrugged(耸肩)his shoulders.Then,he threw his arms around the teachers neck and kissed him on both cheeks.In China,there are so many local dialects although the government encourage the whole nation to speak putonghua,which regarded as“standard”Chinese.Howe
7、ver,local people also speak their own dialects.Discussion Work in pairs.Discuss any Chinese dialects you know of or can speak.1.What is standard English?什么是标准英语?standard (n.)标准,规格(adj.)标准的meet standard 符合标准standard of living 生活水平on a standard 根据某一标准Language pointsThe mountains are not high _ world s
8、tandard.A.by B.at C.to D.on2.Believe it or not,theres no such a thing as standard English.信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准英语。believe it or not信不信由你Believe it or not,all the people present have agreed to the plan.3.This is because in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellen
9、t English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员讲极好的英语。这是一个主从复合句。主句是This is,从句是由because引导的表语从句:those were expected to speak excellent English.在表语从句中又含有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰表语从句的主语those。当一个句子的主语为this,that或it时，可以用because引导表语从句。如：That is because he doesnt like coffee.那是因为他不喜欢咖啡。It may be because the exam was too difficult
10、.那或许是因为考试太难了。4.However,on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.然而,甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。the way后面接定语从句时,关系代词用that/in which或不用关系代词。I did it in the way that/in which you taught me.I dont like _ you speak to her.A.the wayB.the way in thatC.the way whichD.the way of whic
11、h5.America English has many dialects,especially the Midwestern,southern,African American and Spanish dialects.美国英语有很多方言,尤其是在中西部,南部,黑人和西班牙方言。especially 尤其,表达事物不寻常或特别重要specially 专门(指专为某一目的)Our garden is beautiful,especially in autumn.I came here specially to see you.African adj.非洲的In the new African c
12、ountries the governments are trying to provide education for adults.n.非洲人Fish is a staple in the diet of many Africans.Spanish adj.西班牙的 a Spanish dancen.西班牙语Do you speak Spanish?6.Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。play a part in的意思是：起重要作用；扮演角色。He has played an important p
13、art in saving the girl.He was invited to play a part in this TV play.拓展：play a role in与play a part in的意思相同，常可以互换。表示“扮演角色”还可以用act,act a/the role of等。如：Who is acting Hamlet?She is acting the role of Juliet.即学即练 根据括号内的提示，用play a part in的适当形式完成句子。1.My friend Jim is looking forward to _（扮演角色的机会）this seri
14、es.2.A good diet _ _（在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用）.plays a large part in helping people live longer a chance to play a part in7.Although many America move a lot,they still recognize each others dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬家,但他们仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。recognize意为：认出，承认，认可，常构成短语recognize.as/to be.，表示：把看做；recognize sb.by sth.表示：从/根据某
15、物认出某人。1.I hadnt seen her for 20 years,but I recognized her as soon as she came into the room.2.The government refused to recognize the new school.3.He is recognized to be/as their natural leader.4.I recognized her by her red hair.Activity 1 不同学生用家乡方言说出同一句话，体会不同地区的方言；Activity 2 学生说出他们知道或者听过的方言；Activi
16、ty 3 学生讨论以下问题：Why does the government encourage us to speak Putonghua?Group activity The Oxford English DictionaryReading task on P51How it began1857:The Philological Society of London calls for a new English DictionaryMore work than they thought1884:Five years into a proposed ten-year projectThe Ox
17、ford English Dictionary 的历史One step at a time1884-1928:The Dictionary is published in fasciclesKeeping it current1933-1986:Supplements to the OEDMaking it modern1980s:The Supplements are integrated with the OED to produce its Second EditionInto the electronic age1992:The first CD-ROM version of the
18、OED is publishedThe future has begunThe present:The OED is now being fully revised,with new material published in parts onlineDo you know who is the writer of The Oxford English Dictionary?James Murray,Samuel Johnson,and Noah Webster.Samuel Johnson(1709-84)Noah Webster James A.H.Murray hard working,
19、intelligent,determined,etcNote on James Murrays lifeCountryEducationJobScotlandNo formal education,taught himself while workingWorked in a bank before beginning to compile the OEDMake notes about Murrays life according to the passage.Note on James Murrays lifeMost important taskcompiling the first e
20、dition of the OEDIts difficulties:1 worded in a shed in his garden and behind his house2 very cold as it was one metreundergroundNote on James Murrays lifeMost important task3 no heating;he had to wear a coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm4 no electric light;he worked at night with candlesNo
21、te on James Murrays lifeMost important taskQualities needed:1 commitment2 perseverance3 accuracyWho worked on theitDate of completionOther informationAt first just James Murray;later his two daughters;finished by others editors after his death 1928First edition took forty-four years to compileI.根据句意
22、及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。1.His work does not reach the _(标准).2.Do you speak Sichuan _(方言)?3.Ive been studying _(西班牙语)for three months.standarddialectSpanish4.Though he is young,he can speak e_ English.5.L_ always comes before thunder.6.We cant get there by bus,so we have to use the s_.excellentLigh
23、tningsubwayII.请用下列词组的适当形式填空。believe it or not;be expected to;by underground;pay attention to;play an important part;in the way1.Some people dont like to go to work _.2.The headmaster _ in the good running of a school.by undergroundplays an important part3._,he is really a foreigner.4.You will _ work
24、 on Saturdays.5.Please _ the difference between the two words.pay attention toBelieve it or notbe expected to根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。1.我承认自己犯了一个错误（recognize）2.你在童年时读过的书对你以后的职业选择会产生一定的影响。（play a part in）I recognized that I had made a mistake.The books you read as a child can play a part in the job you have la
25、ter in life.3.我给他们送去鲜花表示感谢。（expression）4.他直接到朋友那儿请求帮助。（straight）I sent them fresh flowers as an expression of thanks.He went straight to his friend to ask for help.1.Review the words and language points we have learnt in this unit.2.Translation(1)他们已经请求国际援助。(2)带着有礼貌的微笑,她走了出去。(3)他出去工作了半年,因为有病没能结束工作就回来了。(4)他喜欢发号施令,但没有人愿意听他的。Homework?How many dialects are there in China?Dialects family in China 北方方言吴语闽南语客家话湘语赣语粤语ChineseDialects in Guangdong province粤粤方方言言客方言客方言闽方言闽方言代表地区代表地区梅州梅州代表地区代表地区广州广州代表地区代表地区潮汕地区潮汕地区
