1、专题七 动词的时态与语态专题导读时态的考查主要集中在一般时、完成时和进行时等主干时态的掌握上。要求学生熟练掌握几种主干时态的基本概念，解题时能充分挖掘时间副词、短语、时间状语从句等提供的信息。在复习时态时应注意如下几点：1. 吃透语境，摸清作者的意图。2. 准确判断动作和时间的关系。（即动作是在什么时间发生的）3. 正确理解时间概念。（大的时间：现在、过去、将来；小的时间：时间段、时间点、时间瞬间）4. 找准相关时态时间之间的交叉点。例如：一般现在时和现在进行时（现在时间的交叉点）。高考对被动语态的考查热点主要是及物动词在被动语态中的使用。被动语态与主动语态一样，也有多种时态。被动语态的完成时
2、态和进行时态中，考生往往容易漏掉been或being。因此被动语态的各种常用时态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一。 时态与语态连用也是高考题的一个考点。一个题目同时交叉考查几个语法知识点是近几年高考的一个趋势。2012年高考将继续注重在语境中考查动词的时态和语态，试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则。 真题典例（）1.2011全国卷 Planning so far ahead_ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. Amade Bis making Cmakes Dhas made【解析】 C本题考查时态。“过早地
3、计划没有意义”是说话人的观点，而不是某时的动作，因此用一般现在时。（）2.2011全国卷 I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _polite. Awas just being Bwill just be Chad just been Dwould just be 【解析】 A本题考查时态。首先从空前的时态知，本空用过去时态，此空不表达“过去的过去”或者“过去的将来”，因此用进行时表达一般性的动作。（）3.2011全国卷 When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ ther
4、e. Ahad been lying Bhas been lying Cwas lying Dhas lain【解析】 A本题考查时态。句意为：当Alice醒来的时候，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。显然，“躺在那里”的动作发生在“醒来”之前，且动作仍在进行中，因此用过去完成进行时。（）4.2011全国卷 If you dont like the drink you_ , just leave it and try a different one. Aordered Bare ordering Cwill order Dhad ordered 【解析】 A本题考查动词的时态。句意为：如果你不喜欢
5、你订购的饮料，就把它放在那儿再换一种试试。“订购饮料”的动作发生在dont like之前，所以用过去时。are ordering表示正在订购；will order表示将来订购；had ordered是过去完成时，应该以过去时为背景，而整个句子时态是一般现在时。（）5.2011北京卷 Experiments of this kind_ in both the US. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been c
6、onducted【解析】 D考查动词的时态和语态。由常识可知，谓语动词的动作发生在二战之前，很显然，这是过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时。conduct 和experiments是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。（）6.2011天津卷 In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world. Ahave produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 【解析】 B考查动词的时态和语态。由In the last few years 可知应用现在
7、完成时，故排除C和D；句子的主语films和谓语动词是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选B。（）7.2011天津卷 On her next birthday，Ann _ married for twenty years. Ais Bhas been Cwill be Dwill have been 【解析】 D考查动词的时态。句意为：Ann下一次生日的时候，她就将结婚满20年了。her next birthday表明应使用将来的时态，排除A、B两项；for twenty years为段时间，常与完成时连用，排除C项。故使用将来完成时表示直到将来某一时间已经完成的动作或一直持续的状态。故选D项。（）8
8、.2011山东卷 When I got on the bus，I_I had left my wallet at home. A. was realizing B. realized Chave realized D. would realize 【解析】 B本题考查动词的时态。本句有具体的过去时间状语（when时间状语从句），而且realize是短暂性动作，因此用一般过去时。（）9.2011山东卷 She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything! Ahad been eating Bhad eaten
9、 Chave eaten Dhave been eating【解析】 B本题考查动词的时态。根据语境判断，“孩子们吃光了所有的东西”发生在 “was surprised to find”之前，因此要用过去完成时。（）10.2011江苏卷 I hear you_ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind. Aare workingBwill work Cwere working Dwill be working【解析】 A考查时态。根据答语用现在时态可知hear后接
10、的从句也用现在时态。故选A项。（）11.2011江苏卷 Tommy is planning to buy a car. I know. By next month, he_ enough for a used one. A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have saved【解析】 D考查时态。根据时间状语By next month可知是将来完成时态，故选D项。（）12.2011福建卷 Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_ from C
11、hina. A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received【解析】 D本题考查动词的时态。句意：上个月日本政府对中国的救援表达了谢意。“接受帮助”发生在“表达”之前，故用过去完成时。（）13.2011安徽卷 I didnt ask for the name list. Why _ on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it lande
12、d【解析】 B考查时态。句意为：“我没有要名单，为什么把它放在我的桌子上？”“我刚刚把它放在那里以防你需要它。”从上下文看，名单已经放在桌子上了，所以应用现在完成时。（）14.2011浙江卷 The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant_ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. Agave Bgives Cwas giving Dhad given【解析】 C考查动词的时态。由题干中was worried以及was going可知
13、设空处表示过去正在进行的情况，故C正确。（）15.2011四川卷 All visitors to this village _ with kindness. A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 【解析】 B本题考查动词时态和语态。句中all visitors与treat之间为被动关系，故排除A、C。又因为此句无过去时间，故不宜使用与过去有关的时态，排除D，故答案为B。新题预测（）1. Mum, I really think Dad should have a break and get relaxed. Yes
14、. He _ too long. A. read B. has been reading C. had read D. is reading【解析】 B考查动词时态。从对话内容可知，父亲一直在看书，因此使用现在完成进行时，表示从过去到现在一直持续的动作，且还有可能持续下去。（）2.The movie 2012 will be on at 8 pm. What about picking you up at 7?All right. I will have come back from work by then, and I _ you at home. A. will wait for B.
15、will be waiting for Chave been waiting for D. am waiting for 【解析】 B考查动词时态。从语意知，“我在家等你”动作发生在将来，排除C项和D项。时间是下班后至七点间，表示将来某段时间内正在进行的动作，用将来进行时态，所以选B项。（）3.He is supposed to make his visit to the club soon, but Im not sure whether he _ or not. Adoes Bis Chad Dwill【解析】 D考查时态与省略句。由前面is supposed tosoon可知应用一般将来
16、时。will是will make his visit to the club soon的省略，即“我不知道他是否会来俱乐部”。（）4. Tom, youve got an A in the final English exam. Congratulations!Thanks. But I never thought the result came out so fast. The papers_ when I left the teachers office just now. Ahas been marked Bwere still being marked Care still marki
17、ng Dhad been marking 【解析】 B考查动词时态。答语的语意：谢谢！但我没有想到（考试）结果会出来得这么快。我刚才离开老师办公室时，试卷仍然在批改中。根据语意，此处要用过去进行时的被动语态。（）5.I saw Lucy and her boyfriend in the park at nine yesterday evening.Impossible. She _ the Internet with me in my home then. A. surfed B. had surfed C. would surf D. was surfing【解析】 D考查动词时态。根据对话
18、内容可知，昨天晚上九点时Lucy正在我家和我一起上网，因此用过去进行时。（）6.Those scientists invented a robot to care for kids! Its not surprising. They _ wonders all the time. Aworked Bwere working Cwork Dhave been working【解析】 D考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语all the time可知，科学家们一直在创造奇迹，因此应该使用现在完成进行时。（）7.The government announced that six highways _ b
19、y the end of last year. Abuilt Bhad built Chave been built Dhad been built【解析】 D考查动词时态。从后面的by the end of last year可知，动作发生在过去的过去，谓语动词用过去完成时，且由语意可知应用被动语态，应该选D项。（）8.I _ on my report next week so I wont be able to meet you any day. Aam working Bwill be working Cwas working Dhave been working【解析】 B考查动词时态
20、。从后面的next week可知，应用将来时，语意表示“下周我将一直忙于写报告”，所以用将来进行时，据此答案应该为B项。（）9.Hello, everyone! Have you heard the meeting will be put off till next Tuesday? Thats what we _ about when you came in. Aare talking Bwere talking Ctalk Dtalked【解析】 B考查动词时态。句中表示“那就是你进来时我们正在讨论的事情”。此处讨论的动作发生在“你进来时”，所以用进行时态，同时从came in可以看出用过去进行时态。答案应该为B项。高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#U
