1、GrammarGrammar课前回顾1.Every country should pay attention to its _.(educate)2.I have a bicycle now but my sister was the _ owner.(origin)3.He hoped to find the money to _ a film.(production)4.我无法理解她为何这样说。I cant_ why she said so.educationoriginalproducefigure outWhat can you conclude from the following
2、sentences from the text?1.Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries.2.Yuan Longping was born and brought upin China.3.As a boy he was educated in schools and was given a nickname 4.Researchers were brought in from all over China When will you use passive voice?Look!Theres nothing here.Everyth
3、ing has been taken away.I was born in 1981.She is liked by everybody.He is said to be a good teacher.不知道动作的执行者不必提出动作的执行者强调动作的承受者习惯用法各种时态的被动情况：一般现在时：一般过去时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：一般将来时：过去将来时：情态动词变被动：am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehave/has been donehad been doneshall
4、/will be donebe going to be donewould/should+be+done情态动词+be+done1.每天都有新的问题被处理。2.明年将种许多树。3.失踪的男孩昨晚被找到了。The lost boy was found last night.New problems are dealt with every day.Many trees will be planted next year.4.昨天下午这个问题在会上正在被讨论。5.水稻在中国种植了数千年。Rice has been grown in China for thousands of years.The
5、question was being discussed at the meeting yesterday afternoon.短语动词的被动语态：The doctor has been sent for.那位老人常常受到嘲笑。That old man was often laughed at.结论:短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组,在被动结构中也是如此,不可去掉后面的介词或副词。动词短语的被动语态take care of be taken care ofcut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked aft
6、ermake use of be made use ofgive up be given up1.He must be prevented from going.2.The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.结论:含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:“情态动词+be+动词过去分词”一定要充分利用时间。Time must be made good use of.带复合宾语的被动语态结构（）make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework
7、 at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Greenat home.feel/hear listen/make have let/look see watch notice(2)see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear/watch/.We often hear them sing this song.They are often
8、heard to sing this song(by us).This song is often heard(by us)to be sung(by them).Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.tell ask bring write give teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.带双宾的动词变被动语态Mum made me a new dress.I
9、was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawforI bought my brother a book.The book_ well.A.sells B.is soldB.The music_ nice.C.A.sounds B.is sounded注意：某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。1.cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash等带状语(well,easily)时。如：The cloth washes well.2.感官动词 look,sme
10、ll,taste,sound,feel等与形容词连用时。如：The apples taste good.AA思考.Finish the exercises of Activity 2,on page 34.1.These computers are produced in America.2.Rice has been grown in China for thousands of years.3.These electronic games were/are madein Japan.4.A new variety of rice was discovered in 1970.5.Many
11、important discoveries have been made since the beginning of last century.Finish the exercises of Activity 3,on page 34.1.was educated2.was given3.were published4.was discovered5.were converted6.was exportedLook at the sentence and decide which question the underlined phrase answers.He thought he cou
12、ld produce more rice by crossing different species of plant.介词“by”与名词，代词或动词-ing 连用，在句中作状语。用法例句By与名词，代词连用，译为“被”，常用于被动语态。The snow was cleared away by the students.By与动词-ing连用，译为“通过”。表示某种方式。He could produce more rice by crossing two different plants.1.What could he produce?2.Why should he produce more
13、rice?3.How could he produce more rice?by 与动词-ing连用，译为“通过”。表示某种方式。e.g.By helping them we are helping to save ourselves.选D。空格处所填的词与making并列，同作by的宾语，故用动词-ing形式。题意为“人通过出错并改正错误来学习语言。”One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.(北京2012)A.corrects B.correctC.to correct D.correctingRewrite the sente
14、nces by changing the underlined phrases with a phrase beginning with by+ing.Example:You can get a good job if you study hard.You can get a good job by studying hard.1.Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China.He discovered a new type of rice.2.Researchers learn things when they carry out experiment
15、s.Yuan Longping changed agriculture in China by discovering a new type of rice.Researchers learn things by carrying out experiments.3.They changed the design and so they built a better engine.4.You will become a better pianist if you practise often.By changing the design they built a better engine.Y
16、ou will become a better pianist by practising often.5.If we plan for the future we can be happy in the present.By planning for the future we can be happy in the present.Choose the correct way of saying the numbers.1.5,000,0002.(a)five million3.(b)five millions(a)2.47.5%(a)forty seven half percent (b
17、)forty seven point five percent3.632 (a)six hundred and thirty two (b)six hundred thirty two4.4/5 (a)four fifths (b)four five(b)(a)(a)Read the sentences aloud.1.Rice was first grown about 5,000 years ago.2.China exports about 1.5%of its rice.3.Australia produces about 250,000 tons of rice.4.2/3 of t
18、he words population regularly eat rice.Finish exercises on page 85.When will you use passive voice?Look!Theres nothing here.Everything has been taken away.I was born in 1981.She is liked by everybody.He is said to be a good teacher.Youll be contacted.Star War is acted by Harrison Ford.不知道动作的执行者不必提出动
19、作的执行者强调动作的承受者习惯用法不确定动作的执行者行文的需要1.一定要充分利用时间。Time must be made good use of.2.坏习惯已经被改掉了。Bad habits have been done away with.3.那个计划就要被他们放弃了。The plan will be given up by them.4.孩子将被很好地照顾。The children will be taken good care of.改错:1.Such things neednt talked.2.Such things neednt be talked about.2.The book
20、s may kept for two weeks by you.The books may be kept for two weeks by you.She heard him sing a song just now.He was heard to sing a song just now.结论:主动句中的宾语如果是不带to的不定式,在变成被动句中的主语补足语时,to不能省去。1.I noticed him cross the street.He was noticed to cross the street.2.They often help me clean the room.I am
21、helped to clean the room.3.We often see her read English in the morning.She is often seen to read English in the morning.结论:带双宾语的动词的被动语态的形式为:由其中一个宾语作主语,常为表示人的间接宾语。We gave him some books.He was given some books.Some books were given to him.We elected him our monitor.He was elected our monitor by us.W
22、e saw him sitting there without doing anything.He was seen sitting there without doing anything.结论:带有宾语补足语的动词的被动语态原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。The door was locked by the monitor.The door was locked.The composition was written with great care.The composition is well written.Look at the following sentences:结论:被动语态
23、表示动作,句子主语是动作对象;而“连系动词+表语(过去分词)”表示状态,其中过去分词相当于形容词,因此被动语态可以有多种时态,而“连系动词+表语”中的只有一般时态和完成时态。Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets.1.As a boy he _(educate)in many schools.2.2.He _(give)the nickname,“the student who asks questions”.3.3.The results of his experiments _(publish)in China in 4.196
24、6.was educatedwas givenwas published4.Finally,in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant _(discover).5.50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields _(convert)to growing vegetables.6.Following this,Yuan Longpings rice _(export)to other countries.was discoveredwere convertedwas exported课后小练用括号内所给单词的适
25、当形式填空。1.The trees _(plant)in rows in the field by our class tomorrow.2.His leg _(hurt)when he _ (fall)from the tree yesterday.3.The children must _(take)good care of while their teacher is away.will be plantedwas hurtfellbe taken4.The hospital _(build)a few years ago.It _(repair)at the moment.5.Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall,in which many important meetings _(hold)every year.was builtis being repairedare held
