1、Unreal conditionals虚拟语气语气（mood）也是动词的一种形式变化。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动词上有所体现，语气可分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。Introduction虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood)是用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是主观愿望、假使、建议、推测、纯粹的空想等。例1：These doggies are sleeping very soundly.（陈述语气）例2：Stop laughing!（祈使语气）If you keep beating me like this,I would tell you
2、r teacher.例3：（虚拟语气）虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中的情况较复杂,所以要特别加以注意。首先，要判断一下是否该用虚拟语气,因为条件句有两种,一种是真实条件句,一种是非真实条件句,只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气,在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。If my aunt comes this afternoon,she will bring me some gifts.如果姨妈下午来，她会给我带礼物的。1.真实条件句:If he were to leave today,he would get there by Friday.假如他今天离开，他周五将到那儿。I
3、f I were you,I would go to look forhim.如果我是你，就会去找他。2.非真实条件句:如果条件句假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说几乎没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表达,也就是说,此时的条件句是非真实条件句。非真实条件句的谓语动词形式：与现在事实相反的条件句的结构：条件句：过去时（be动词用were）主句：would/could/might+动词原形If I were you,I should/would go at once.If I got the chance,I would want to be a lawyer.例如：注意:在非正式表述
4、或口语中，if I/he/she/it之后,可用was代替were。两者在意义上没有区别，但是were更为正式，特别是在表述心存怀疑的事情时：If Lucy were ready,we would start.假如露西准备好了，我们就出发。与过去事实相反的条件句的结构：If you had been there last night,nothing would have happened.If the boy had got up earlier,he would have caught the bus.条件句：过去完成时 had done主句：would/could/might+have d
5、one与将来事实相反的条件句的结构：条件句：Ifwas/were/did主句：would/could/might doIf it were sunny tomorrow,we would go camping.If I were free next Sunday,I would certainly go to your party.注意:在与将来事实可能相反的条件句中,谓语动词还可用were to 或should+do来表示,如:If I were to fail my driving test,I would have to take it again next month.If he sh
6、ould come tomorrow,I would talk to him about it.从 if 从句的动词形态来看，使用虚拟语气的条件句在时态方面比起真实条件句中的时态要向后退让一步。要点领会：比较 1：一般现在vs.一般过去（be动词多采用were的形式）If he is at home now,he is sure to be surfing the Internet.（真实条件句）If he were at home now,he would be surfing the Internet.（虚拟条件句）比较 2：现在完成vs.过去完成If he has finished hi
7、s homework now,he is sure to be surfing the Internet.（真实条件句）If he had finished his homework now,he would be surfing the Internet.（虚拟条件句）比较：过去vs.过去完成If he bought the book yesterday,he had no money left for lunch.（真实条件句）If he had bought the book yesterday,he would have had no money left for lunch.（虚拟条
8、件句）主句的谓语由具过去式形态的情态动词如 would、could、should 等加上动词原形（对现在和将来的虚拟）及完成形（对过去的虚拟）构成。要点领会：If they knew each other,they would betalking now.（现在）If they had got lost last night,they would have been caught by the storm.（过去）If they should lend us a hand,we would finish the task earlier.（将来）PracticeRead the dialogu
9、e on page 40 and fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets.非真实条件句的省略与倒装：在非真实条件句中,如果有were,had,should,我们可以将if省略,把这些词置于从句的句首,形成倒装,如:If I should meet her,I would tell her.=Should I meet her,I would tell her.If I were in your position,I would do it better.=Were I in your position,I
10、 would do it better.If they had made preparations,they would have succeeded.=Had they made preparations,they would have succeeded.如果虚拟条件句中没有were,had和should则不能省略if,当然也不能倒装。注意：Practice1.Were it not for the snowy weather,we _ all right now.A.would be B.would have been C.were D.may be 2.If he _ me tomor
11、row,I would let him know.A.should call B.should not have been able C.were not able D.are not able AA3._today,he would get there by Friday.A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves 4.If it _this afternoon,the English party would be ruined.A.rains B.rained C.will rain D.was r
12、ainingCB5.If you had rung us yesterday,we would_ you that the meeting had been put off.A.tell B.have told C.had told D.be tellingB混合虚拟条件句非真实条件句中,有时主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生,此时谓语动词的形式要按照各自的时间来调整,而不完全按照上述规则来进行,这样的句子叫混合虚拟条件句。例如:If you had followed the teachers advice,then you would have no dif
13、ficulty now.假如你听从了老师的劝告，那你现在就不会有困难了。If I hadnt finished my homework by now,I would be working on it tomorrow.如果我到现在还没完成家庭作业,那明天我还得做。If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday,he wouldnt have so many difficulties now.假如他昨天好好地准备功课的话，他现在就不会有这么多的困难。If it had rained last night(过去),it would be very
14、 cold today(现在).如果昨天下雨，今天就会很冷。例如：I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible,but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.-该句前半部分是假设虚拟，后半部分是事实的陈述。混合虚拟语气还有一种情况,就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句。注意：More exercise in the textbook 1.Do the exercise on page 41.2.Finish the exercises on page
15、116,C1 and C2.Consolidation：一、用下列单词或短语的适当形式完成句子：log off give out misunderstand adjust approve participate in 1._(如果她误解了你),what would you say to her?If she misunderstood you2.If frightened,they _(释放)a terrible smell and fly away.3._(没有你的同意),we couldnt _（参加）the banquet last night.would give outWithout
16、 your approvalhave participated in4.If you wanted to perform well in the concert,you _(调整)your musical instruments beforehand.5._ I _ earlier(假如我早点下线的话),I could not have got in touch with her online.would have to adjustHad logged off1._ fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediate
17、ly cut off.A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be2._ you have any questions,please contact our customer service hotline.A.Should B.Would C.Could D.Might二、单项选择：BA3.Every time I go out,I will take lots of money _ something unexpected should happen.A.otherwise B.therefore C.howeve
18、r D.in caseD4.Imagine what todays life would be like if Alexander Bell _the telephone more than 130 years ago.A.didnt invent B.wouldnt invent C.hadnt invented D.wouldnt have inventedC5.If some measures _to ensure the safety of the school,more students _ in the earthquake then.A.were taken;would surv
19、ive B.had been taken;didnt survive C.had been taken;would have survived D.were taken;would surviveC6.If it were not for the fact that she _ sing,I would invite her to the party.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not7._he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the game.A.If B.Since C.Though D.WhenCA8.If she had worked harder,she _.A.would succeed B.would have succeeded C.had succeeded D.should succeed9.If the company failed to make more money next month,it _close down.A.must B.have to C.would D.ought toBC谢谢
