1、The ing-form used as adverbial现在分词作状语思维导图解读现在分词的形式（以go 和write为例）意义：writingbeing writtengoinghaving writtenHaving been writtenhaving gone1.v-ing与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生2.having+v-ed与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词发生句法功能一做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句二原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。三时间状语 相当于whe
2、n,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末四条件状语相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首五让步状语 相当于although,though,even if,even though引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首六结果状语 相当于so that,so等引导的结果状语从句，常位于句末现在分词作状语学与练 把划线部分改写成分词短语并说明其功能1.When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.Seeing their teacher,the students stood up.*现在分词短语作时间状语2.After they ha
3、d finished their homework,they went home.Having finished their homework,they went home.*现在分词短语作时间状语*Having finished their homework表现的动作在went home(),故用分词的().之前完成式3.Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.4.If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.Being ill,he couldnt go to scho
4、ol.*现在分词短语 作原因状语Working harder at English,you will make greater progress.*现在分词短语 作条件状语5.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.6.The children came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked.(并列句)*Feeling very tired,they kept running.现在分词短语 作让步状语The children came into the classroom,laugh
5、ing and talking.*现在分词短语 作伴随状语现在分词语态时态否定逻辑主语惯用语从句转化独立主格被 动主 动语态doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done语态看分词 11.When he found the door locked,he went home.转化为分词作状语2.(scold)by his mother,the boy hung his head.Being scolded3._(see)black clouds covering the sky,he stopped his work and went home.Se
6、eing4.(praise)for his job,Tom worked harder.Having been praised1.doing或者being done 同时或几乎同时发生2.Having done或者having been done 先于主句的谓语动词之前发生1）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done2）.当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：having been done时态看分词 2注意如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.H
7、earing the news,they all jumped with joy.151.“What a beautiful garden it is!”said the girl,_out of the window.A.looking B.having looked C.to look D.looked2._a long way,Bob began to feel tiredA.Walking B.Having walked C.To walk D.walked3._ in the queue for half an hour,I suddenly realized that I had
8、left my wallet at home.A.To wait B.Waiting C.Having waited D.To have waitedv使用having done或having been done的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或完成的时间状语，例如：before,already,for a long time,many times等。窍门直接在分词前面加not 1._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not r
9、eceived 2._that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.A.Not realized B.Realizing not C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized否定的表达 3分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。1）_(see)from the hill,we find the city very beautiful._（see）from the top of the hill,the citylooks more beautiful to us.2）
10、_(look)at her mother,he jumped with joy._(look)at by her mother,he jumped with joy.逻辑主语 4SeeingSeenLookingLooked3)While watching television，_.A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings4)Hesitating what to do,_.A so lets not go outing B the tou
11、r was cancelledC but we should still take the tour D we had to stay home_,the trees turned green.春天来了_,well visit the Great Wall.时间允许的话补 独立主格结构在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致句子的主语一致,如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的主语主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构这种结构称为独立主格结构Spring comingTime permitting1._Sunday,
12、I shall have a quiet day at home.A.Being B.It is C.There being D.It being 2.The party will be held in the garden,weather_（2012高考全国卷）A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.permit有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。generally/strictly/frankly/personally s
13、peaking一般来说/严格来说/坦率地说/就个人而言judging from/by 由.判断considering 考虑到taking into consideration 考虑到supposing 假如talking/speaking of 提到providing 如果Seeing that既然评论性状语 5 Judging from his appearance,he is a wealthy man.从外表判断他是一位富翁。Generally speaking,the more you pay,the more you get.一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。1.分词短语是由状语从
14、句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。2.若状语从句与主句的主语相同时：1）去连词 2）去主语 3）动词变分词e.g.If you turn to the right,youll find the school._，youll find the school._，and youll find the school.Turning to the right分词短语与状语从句转化 6Turn to the right3.若状语从句与主句的主语不同时：1）去连词 2）前面的主语留下 3)动词分词e.g.As it were fine,I went fishing with my f
15、ather._ I went fishing with It being fine,Notes:1.分词短语=连词+主语+V.e.g.Walking along the street,I met Mary._ I met Mary.Being tired,I stopped to take a rest._I stopped toWhile I was walking along the street,Because I was tired,2.分词短语意义不清时，往往保留连词。但表示原因的连词 because,as等一定要省略。e.g.When(I was)mailing a letter
16、in the post office,I met Tom.As she didnt know what to do,she began to cry._,she began to cry.Not knowing what to do1).Using your head,youll find a good way.Working hard,youll surely succeed.If you use your headIf you work hard条件状语练一练思考：如何改为祈使句2).Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.Not knowing her
17、 address,we cant get in touch with her.(原因)Because he was poorAs we dont know her address3).Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.时间When I was walking in the street.4)Four people entered the room 4)Four people entered the room looking looking around in a curious wayaround in a curious way.伴随状语F
18、our people entered the room and lookedaround in a curious way.5).He did his homework carelessly,making a lot of mistakes.so he made a lot of mistakes结果辨析：He hurried to the station only to findthe train had gone.(自然的或必然的结果)(意想不到的结果)Eg Finished their homework,the children went out to play football.更正
19、_the children went out to play football._the children went out to play football._ they went out to play football.变式训练Their homework finished,Having finished their homework,After the children finished their homework,提示：用独立主格结构 用分词作状语 用状语从句当堂检测之高考链接1.He got up late and hurried to his office,_the break
20、fast untouched.A.Left B.to leave C.leaving D.having left2._that he has wasted too much time,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A.realizing B.realized C.to realize D.being realized3.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.pr
21、epared D.was preparing4.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added5._ up at his father,he asked what was the matter with him.A.Having looked B.Looking C.To look D.Look6.The car burns more fuel,but_ all
22、things into consideration,its still a good carA taken B having taken C taking D to take 7._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered8._an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner o
23、r later.A.Basing B.Based C.Base D.To base9 Finding her car stolen，_ A a policeman was asked to help B the area was searched thoroughly C it was looked for everywhere D she hurried to a policeman for help10._the piano,some one suddenly knocked at the door.A.Playing B.When I was playing C.Repairing D.
24、Examining11._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed12.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearinghomework一.必做题：完成课时作业（14）二.选做题：写一篇英语短文介绍你的同桌，尽量使用现在分词作状语Working hard,you will succeed
