1、限时提分练(二十一)必修Unit1Greatscientists.阅读理解A2021太原市高三年级模拟试题TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910, Dr.WuLientehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery, atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths, anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChin
2、a, killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridgeeducatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic (流行病)WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24, 1910, hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWusfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine (隔离) unitsandtoorderlockdo
3、wnstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases, andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday, whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacro
4、ssthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wusefforts, thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease, andbyMarch1, 1911, theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof19101911lastednearlyfourmonths, affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities, andaccountedforover60,000deaths.Itisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddec
5、isiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked, allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911, Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang, attendedbyscientistsfro
6、m11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates, JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe19101911outbreak.Foratime, Dr.Wuwastheworldsmostfamousplaguefighter, atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919, andareturnofplaguein1921.1WhatwasDr.Wusmissionin1910?ATotakepersonalrisks.BToendanepidemic.CTop
7、rovidemedicaleducation.DToinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2WhichofDr.Wusactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?ASettingupspecialquarantineunits.BCarryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.CCheckinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.DConvincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?ATh
8、ediseaseworsenedafterMarch1, 1911.B60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wusefforts.CTheworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.DAglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe19101911outbreak.4WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?AHecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.BHewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.CHetraveledwor
9、ldwidehostingconferences.DHeclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B2021开封市高三第一次模拟AndrewGreydoesntfitmostpeoplesideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop, notinalaboruniversity, yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASAsKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizensci
10、entistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies, onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience, butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization (民主化) toscience.“Thisisacollaborative (合作的) effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin,”saysChrisLintott, anOxfordUnivers
11、ityastrophysicist (天体物理学家) andcofounderofZooniverse, aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield, fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved, therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject,”Lintottsays.“An
12、yonecanidentifypatternsinimages, graphs, orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans, particularlyamateurscientists, dontstayfocusedonwhattheyresupposedto.Andthatsgood, becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcit
13、izensciencedoesnthavetobedirectedbyascientist,”saysSheilaJasanoff, directoroftheProgramonScience, TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists,”shesays.ThatswhathappenedinFlint, Michigan, whenalocalmotherstarte
14、ddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizenpoweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized, regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels, scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydayp
15、eople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself, Lintottsays, “Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent, butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?AThehighlevelofscienceprojects.BThedevelopmentoftechnology.CThesupportofthegovernment.DThefoundationofZooniverse.6Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatter
16、nrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?AHumanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.BHumansfocustheirattentionondata.CHumanscanobserveuncommonthings.DHumanshavestrongeremotions.7WhatisLintottsattitudetowardscitizenscience?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.8Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?ACitizenScien
17、tistsCanBeIntelligentBScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneCAnyoneCanBeaScientistDScienceIsEverywhere.完形填空2021太原市高三年级模拟试题WhenpeoplefindoutthatmysonSamisacompetitivemathlete, theyusuallyaskifmyhusbandandIare“mathpersons”.Theansweris“Definitelynot”Ninthgradewas_1_forSam.Toprepareforacompetition, hetook_2_pract
18、icetests, whichweresometimesas_3_asthreehours.Intheend, hedidntdoaswellashedhopedandwas_4_byamathcamphedappliedto.Hewanderedintomyofficeonedaylastspring, murmuring.“Ijustfeellikethewholeyearhasbeena_5_.”Igetit.Howmanydaysweeks, monthshaveI“wasted”writingthe_6_sceneoverandoveragain? Writinganovelsome
19、timesfeelsliketwostepsforward, onestepback._7_wheneverIfeellikethat, Itryto_8_myselfthatnomatterwhathappenswithmybook, Ive_9_thetimeIvespentworkingonit.ThedelightIfindinwritingis_10_forme.“Nothingseverwasted.Youmaynothavegottenthe_11_youwanted, butasyoutrytosolvethe_12_problems, youaremakingprogress
20、witheacheffortyoumake.”Heshrugged (耸肩).“Ifeellikeeveryoneelsedidbetterthanme.”Samwastalkingaboutthe_13_boards, wheremathkidscometogethertoshareresourcesand, moreoftenthannot, _14_theirwins.“Iknowitfeelsthatway, butitisnttrue.Youknowpeople_15_theirsuccessesfarmorethantheir_16_,”Isaid, asmuchtomyselfa
21、stoSam.JustlikeSam, Icantcontrolthe_17_,andIcanonlycontrolmyinput.Todevotetimetosomethingwithno_18_ofitssuccessisriskyand_19_.But, thenagain, soiseverything.Andyoudontneedtobea(n) _20_persontoknowthat.1A.simpleBtoughCpeacefulDexciting2A.fewBcasualCmultipleDeasy3A.farBlongCdeepDstraight4A.acceptedBpr
22、aisedCrepliedDrejected5A.wasteBvacationCpleasureDtrouble6A.sameBvividCbriefDliterary7A.SoBAndCButDBecause8A.helpBconvinceCimproveDanswer9A.offeredBkilledCsavedDenjoyed10A.limitedBpopularCobviousDenough11A.examBadviceCcourseDresult12A.challengingBurgentChistoricalDimaginary13A.messageBchessCdrawingDs
23、afety14A.escapefromBthinkaboutCshowoffDcompetein15A.banBpostCdoubtDreceive16A.methodsBintentionsCstrugglesDreasons17A.solutionBoutcomeCcustomDfortune18A.courageBaccidentCchanceDguarantee19A.terrifyingBinstructiveCpersonalDridiculous20A.artBadultCmathDbusiness限时提分练(二十一).阅读理解A语篇类型:记叙文主题语境:人与社会卫生与健康中国医
24、生伍连德控制住了鼠疫【语篇解读】1910年的冬天一种死亡率极高的流行病席卷中国东北,在剑桥受过教育的伍连德医生被派去阻止这种流行病,他到达目的地后,采取了诸如设立专门的隔离病区、对感染者实行活动限制之类的有效措施,由于伍连德医生的努力,鼠疫最终被完全控制。1答案与解析:B考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridgeeducatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic (流行病)”可知,清朝政府派遣在剑桥受过教育的伍医生北上,以阻止这种流行病。故B项正确。2答案与解析:D考查细节理解。根据题干关键词“spreadi
25、ngnationwide”定位至第二段最后两句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最后一句可知,他说服当局在春节前彻底关闭铁路,防止人口通过铁路流动,从而阻止了鼠疫在全国流行,故D项正确。3答案与解析:C考查推理判断。根据第三段尾句可知,如果疫情没有得到控制,允许假期乘坐火车的旅客将疾病传播到中国其他地方,可能意味着灾难性的生命损失,并可能引发全球健康危机。据此可以推断,鼠疫在1911年得到完全控制,有效阻止了其向世
26、界传播,故C项正确。4答案与解析:A考查推理判断。根据本文尾句可知,那时伍医生是世界上最著名的抗击鼠疫的人,他在抗击1919年中国的霍乱和1921年卷土重来的鼠疫中捍卫了这一称号。据此可推知,在1911年之后,他继续卓有成效地抗击流行病,故A项正确。B语篇类型:说明文主题语境:人与社会人与科学公民科学家【语篇解读】数个世纪以来,只有少数普通人为科学作出了贡献,但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化,科学是任何人都能参与的,每个人都有可能成为科学家。5答案与解析:B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople.toscience”可知,科技的进步为科学带来了更
27、高水平的民主化,从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究,促成了公民科学家的出现,故选B。6答案与解析:C考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“Andthatsgood, becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知,在模式识别方面,人类与机器相比,人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西,故C项正确。7答案与解析:A考查观点态度。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与,第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent, butscienceiseasyand
28、weneedyourhelp”可推知,Lintott支持公民科学,故选A。8答案与解析:C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工AndrewGrey成为公民科学家来引入话题,接着又讲到天体物理学家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff对于公民科学的看法,并结合倒数第二段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知,本文主要肯定了公民科学家,表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点,故C项最适合作文章标题。.完形填空语篇类型:记叙文主题语境:人与自我积极的生活态度努力的过程就是进步的过程【语篇解读】作者的儿子为准备一个比
29、赛而参加了各种训练测试,但并没有获得自己想要的结果,最后被数学营拒绝了,他为此向作者发牢骚。作者根据自己写书的经历,告诉儿子,他所作的每一次努力都是在进步,虽然他人总是将成功展示出来,但是背后他们也付出了很多努力。1答案与解析:B根据该段最后一句中的“Intheend, hedidntdoaswellashedhoped”和语境可知,九年级对Sam来说非常艰难。故选B。2答案与解析:C根据本句中的“Toprepareforacompetition”和语境可知,为了准备一个比赛,Sam参加了多种练习测试。multiple“多种的”符合语境,故选C。3答案与解析:B根据本句中的“threehour
30、s”和常识可知,这些测试的时间有时长达三个小时,故选B。4答案与解析:D根据第三段中的“wanderedintomyoffice”和“murmuring”以及下文作者安慰他可知,Sam最后被数学营拒绝了,因此他到作者的办公室里发牢骚,故选D。5答案与解析:A根据第6空前的“wasted”和下文中的“Nothingseverwasted”可知,Sam感觉自己一整年的时光都被浪费了,故选A。6答案与解析:A根据本句中的“overandoveragain”和下文中的“Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward,onestepback”可知,这里作者是
31、在反问自己,反复地写同一个场景是不是也在浪费时间,故选A。vivid“生动的,逼真的”;literary“文学的”。7答案与解析:C根据下文中的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和语境可知,作者看待自己的写作和Sam看待他的数学营结果的方式不同,此处表转折,故选C。8答案与解析:B根据第10空前的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和第五段第一句“Nothingseverwasted”可知,作者努力让自己确信,无论她写的书会有一个什么样的结果,她都已享受(enjoyed)写书所度过的那段时光。从写作中发现的快乐对她来说已经足够(enough)了。convinc
32、e“使确信,使相信,使信服”符合语境,故选B。9答案与解析:D参见上题解析。10答案与解析:D参见第8题解析。11答案与解析:D根据上文的内容可知,Sam为准备一个比赛,参加了多种练习测试,这些测试的时间有时长达三个小时,但他并没有像他自己期望的做得那么好,最后他被他所申请的数学营拒绝了,因此此处作者是在安慰他,说他也许没有得到自己想要的结果(result),但是当他在努力解决有挑战性的(challenging)问题时,他所作的每一次努力都是在进步,故选D。12答案与解析:A根据第二段的内容和语境可知,Sam在准备一个比赛的过程中,参加了各种练习测试,因此他所面临的问题应是有挑战性的问题。故选
33、A。urgent“紧迫的”;historical“(有关)历史的”;imaginary“想象中的,幻想的”。13答案与解析:A根据本句中的“wheremathkidscometogethertoshareresources”可知,这里指的是用来分享信息资源的留言板,故选A。14答案与解析:C根据上文中的“Ifeellikeeveryoneelsedidbetterthanme”和语境可知,Sam之所以感觉其他所有人都比自己做得好,是因为这些孩子通常也在留言板上炫耀(showoff)自己的胜利,故选C。15答案与解析:B根据上文中的“_14_theirwins”和“butitisnttrue”以
34、及该空后的“theirsuccessesfarmorethantheir_16_”并结合语境可知,作者认为,比起他们所付出的努力(struggles),人们更多地展示他们成功的那些方面。post“张贴,公布”符合语境,故选B。16答案与解析:C参见上题解析。17答案与解析:B根据本段中的“Icanonlycontrolmyinput”并结合语境可知,作者认为,她只能控制自己付出的努力,而无法控制最终的结果,故选B。18答案与解析:D根据本段中的“Icanonlycontrolmyinput”“risky”以及“soiseverything”并结合语境可知,作者认为,将时间花在没有成功保证的事情上是有风险且令人恐惧的,不过一切事情都是如此。故选D。19答案与解析:A参见上题解析。instructive“富有教益的,增长知识的”;ridiculous“荒唐的”。20答案与解析:C此处应与第一段中的“mathpersons”呼应,表明作者是借她儿子被数学营拒绝的故事与自己写作的经历和感受进行对比,进而说明不是非得成为一个数学方面的成功人士才会懂得上面讲的道理,很多事情都遵循这个道理。故选C。