1、限时提分练(十七)必修Unit2Workingtheland.阅读理解A2021开封市高三第一次模拟Dontlikeseedsinyourtomatoes? Youmightbepleasedtoknowthatseedlessoneshavebeencreatedbygeneediting.Thiscouldcreateawiderangeofseedlessfruits, butfewmayeverbeseeninthesupermarketifregulatorsdecidetotreatgeneeditedcropsinthesamewayasgeneticallyengineered
2、 (转基因的) ones.Severalseedlessfruits, frombananastograpes, arealreadyavailable, buthavemostlyappearedbyluckratherthandesign.Andalthoughthereareafewseedlessvarietiesoftomatoes, theyvetakenresearchersmanyyearstocreate.Nowitcanbedoneveryquickly, asKeishiOsakabeatTokushimaUniversityinJapanhasshown.Histeam
3、usedtheCRISPRgeneeditingtechnologytomakefruitsdevelopeventhoughnoseedshadbeguntoform.“Wehaventtastedthemyet, butintheorytheyshouldtastethesame，”saysOsakabe.Therehavebeenafeweffortstocreateseedlesstomatoesusingearliergeneticengineeringtechniques.ThesemethodstakelongertimecomparedwithCRISPR.Some“seedl
4、ess”fruitsjusthaveverysmallseeds, andstillrequirepollination (授粉).Butcompletelyseedlessfruitsliketheeditedtomatoesdonotrequirepollinationatall.Suchplantscouldimprovefoodsecuritybyreducingourrelianceonsmallerbeepopulations, saysSaulCunninghamattheAustralianNationalUniversity.Manyfruitgrowersbuybeesto
5、pollinatetheircrops.Thereisadeficiencyforfarmers, however.Seedlessplantsusuallyhavetobegrownfromcuttings, whichinvolvesmorelaborthanplantingseeds.CRISPRcouldbeusedtodevelopothertypesoffruitthatdontrequirepollinators, aswellasintroducebeneficialmutations (突变), saysOsakabe.Buttomakeitontothesupermarke
6、t, geneeditedplantsmayhavetomeetthesamestandardsasgeneticallyengineeredplants, whichwouldgreatlyincreasecosts.Somearguethatsincegeneeditingisusedtointroducemutationsalreadyfoundinsomeoftheplantsweeat, itshouldnotrequiresuchstrictregulations.1Whathasbeentheproblemwithseedlesstomatoescreatedinthepast?
7、ATheirtastewasnotverygood.BTheystillhadafewbigseeds.CTheirgenescouldnotberecognized.DTheytookquitealongtimetocreate.2WhatdidKeishiOsakabesteamdo?ATheyeditedtomatoesgenes.BTheychangedthetasteoftomatoes.CTheymadeseedlessbananasandgrapes.DTheycreatedgeneticallyengineeredtomatoes.3WhyisCRISPRbetterthanp
8、reviousmethods?AItwillstillrequirepollination.BItwillremainunaffectedwithoutbees.CItwillreducepeoplesrelianceonfoodsecurity.DItwillmakemanygrowersbuybeesforpollination.4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deficiency”inParagraph7probablymean?ADanger.BDisadvantage.CBenefit.DSolution.B2021山西省高三第一次测试Morethanhalfo
9、fworkingAfricanshavejobsinagriculture, butinadequatetoolsandalackofinvestmenthaveleftthecontinentsmostlysmallfarmsstrugglingtofeedagrowingpopulation.Now, awaveoftechnologicalsolutionsisaimingtohelp.EstherUsman, fromKadunaState, NorthwestNigeria, hasbeengrowingcornsinceshewas17, whenshedroppedoutofsc
10、hooltosupportherfamilyafterherfathersdeath.Twodecadeson, shewasstruggling.Sheoftenlayawakeatnightworryingabouthowtofeedandeducateherchildren.Attimes, moneyransolowthatshewasforcedtosellhercropforabit.“Ifmyfarmwasaffectedbypests, Icouldonlyaffordtobuyasmallamountofpesticide, whichwasusuallynoteffecti
11、ve.Andcorninstorageisoftenlosttomoisture (潮气) andpests, whichisabigproblem，”saysUsman, now38.In2017, UsmanjoinedBabbanGona, asocialenterprisethatactsasafarmerspartnerandoffersfarmerscredit, trainingandothersupport.Itwaslaunchedin2012with102farmers, andnowworkswith20,000.FieldofficersemployedbyBabban
12、Gonaphotographitsfarmersfields.Anappreviewsthephotos, evaluatingthegermination (发芽) rateandseeingifthesoilneedsnutrientsbasedonleafcolors.Thefieldofficersstepintowarnfarmersofanyproblemstheyfindandadviseonpossiblesolutions.Somefarmershaveincreasedtheiryields (产量) by50percent.Oncethecornisharvested,
13、BabbanGonastoresitinsealedcontainersandaimstosellitattherighttimetomaximizethefarmersprofits.ThepaymentsUsmanreceivesfromBabbanGonaallowhertoinvestinacow, tobuynewclothesforherfamily, andtobuildahouse.5WhatcanUsmanbedescribedinherearlylife?AActivebutunskilled.BResponsibleandwise.CHardworkingbutpenni
14、less.DPainedandunambitious.6WhatwasthechallengeforUsmanafterharvestingcorn?ASellingit.BReservingit.CKillingpestsonthefarm.DFeedingandeducatingherchildren.7HowdothefieldofficersworkinBabbanGona?ATheyevaluatethephotosofcrops.BTheylendmoneytoneedyfarmers.CTheysendphotostakenbyfarmerstoanapp.DTheyservea
15、sabridgebetweenfarmersandit.8Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?ATechnologyhelpsAfricanfarmerslivebetter.BAcompanysupportsAfricanfarmers.CFarminginAfricaisfacedwithadifficultsituation.DAfricanfarmersinventsmartfarming.七选五2021武汉市高中毕业生供题Ithadlongbeentroublingalittleboythathisdeskmatecouldrank1stintheclass
16、everytimewhilehefailedto: heonlyranked21st.Athome, heaskedhismom, “Mom, amImorestupidthanothers? IfeelIamashardworkingashim, buthowcomeIalwaysfallbehind？”_1_Inanothertest, theboyranked15th, andhisdeskmateremained1st.Backhome, heraisedthesamequestion._2_However, wasthisanswerinhersonsbestinterest? Th
17、ankgoodnessshedidnotopenhermouth.Thereweretimesshewantedtotellhim, “YourfatherandIusedtobeoutstanding.Whyarentyoujustasclever？”Butshestoppedbecauseshefeltitwascrueltoblamehimandthatsheneededabetteranswer._3_Toreducetheburdenonhersonwhowassufferingfromthepainsofunsatisfyinggradesandrankings, Momdecid
18、edtotakehimtothesea.Duringthetrip, shemanagedtogiveoutananswer.Now, theboynolongerworriesabouthisrankings, because, withthe1stranking, heisadmittedtoatopuniversity._4_Inthelecture, hementionedavaluableexperience, “WhenmymotherandIwerelyingonthebeach, shepointedtothefrontandsaid, Doyouseetheseabirdso
19、verthere? Whenthewavescomenear, littlebirdscanrisequicklywhileitwouldtakelongerforclumsyseagullstocompletetheprocess.However, haveyounoticedbirdsthatfinallyflyacrosstheendlessoceanarenoneotherthanclumsyseagulls？_5_”Themovingspeechaffectedmanymotherspresentintotears, includinghismother.AFeelingsadfor
20、hersonsfailure, Momscoldedhim.BMomreallywantedtotellhersonthatintelligencediffers.CHearingthewords, shewentwordless, notknowinghowtoexplain.DYoumightbeabitslower, butyouwillbetheonewhowillmakeit!EMomwassoproudofhersonssuccessthatsheoftentoldthattoothers.FBacktohishighschool, hewasinvitedtogiveaspeec
21、htothestudentsandparents.GTimeflyingswiftly, despitegreatefforts, hewasstillunabletokeepupwithhisdeskmate.语法填空2021武汉市高中毕业生供题Hereiswhyyoushouldcareaboutastronomy.Itstruethatitsadvancesbenefitmillionsofpeopleacrosstheworld.Ithasdevelopedtechnologynowtotrackwhereyourpackagegoes, todeterminewhereyouarea
22、ndso1._.Butallofthesearemeresecondthoughtsand2._ (benefit) thathaveoccurredwithouttheprimary3._ (intend) ofthemaker.Andthatis4._makesastronomybeautiful.Tostudysomethingnotbecausewerelookingtogainanythinginparticular, butpurely5._ (enjoy) naturalwonders6._ (be) allthatmakesushuman.Doingworkforthework
23、itselfcreatesroomforjoy.I7._ (firm) believethatastronomyhasaspiritualdimensioninthesenseofhowitconnectsuswithsomethingbiggerthanourselves.Because8._astronomywenowknowexactlywhentheuniverse9._ (come) intoexistence.Andwevespottedthousandsofplanetsorbitingotherstars.Ithasexplainedmysteries (神秘的事物) 10._
24、 (confuse) usforthousandsofyears, butevenmoresignificantly, ithasopenedupmoremysteriesthananyofuscanstudyinourlifetime.限时提分练(十七).阅读理解A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会科技与生活使用基因编辑技术研制无籽或无核水果。【语篇解读】该文主要介绍了使用基因编辑技术可以更快地研制出无籽或无核水果，但这种水果要想进入超市，可能必须符合与转基因水果相同的标准。1答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“theyvetakenresearchersmanyyearstocre
25、ate”和第五段中的“ThesemethodstakelongertimecomparedwithCRISPR”可知，过去创造无籽西红柿很耗时，故选D。2答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“HisteamusedtheCRISPRgeneeditingtechnologyto.noseedshadbeguntoform”可知，KeishiOsakabe的团队编辑了西红柿的基因，故A项正确。3答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“CRISPRcouldbeusedtodevelopothertypesoffruitthatdontrequirepollinators”可知，CRIS
26、PR可用于研制其他类型的不需要传粉者的水果。由此可推知，CRISPR不会受到没有蜜蜂的影响，故选B。4答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第七段中的“Seedlessplantsusuallyhavetobegrownfromcuttings, whichinvolvesmorelaborthanplantingseeds”可知，种植无籽植物通常需要投入更多劳动。由此可推知，这对农民来说并不是什么好事，故画线词的含义与B项词义最接近。danger“危险”，disadvantage“劣势”，benefit“益处”，solution“解决办法”。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会社会进步科技改善非洲
27、农民的生活状况【语篇解读】文章以EstherUsman为例介绍了非洲农民在科技的帮助下生活状况得以改善的情况。5答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“EstherUsman, fromKadunaState, NorthwestNigeria, hasbeengrowingcornsinceshewas17, whenshedroppedoutofschooltosupportherfamilyafterherfathersdeath.Twodecadeson, shewasstruggling.Sheoftenlayawakeatnightworryingabouthowtofeeda
28、ndeducateherchildren”可推断，Usman在早年间虽然努力工作但过着贫穷的生活。6答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Andcorninstorageisoftenlosttomoisture (潮气) andpests, whichisabigproblem”可知，Usman说储藏中的玉米经常会因为潮气和害虫而坏掉，因此对她来说收完玉米后的储存是个问题，即储存玉米是一个挑战。故答案为B。7答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第四段中对fieldofficers的工作内容的介绍“FieldofficersemployedbyBabbanGonaphotographitsf
29、armersfields.Thefieldofficersstepintowarnfarmersofanyproblemstheyfindandadviseonpossiblesolutions”可知，BabbanGona雇用的田地工作人员对农民的田地进行拍照，一个应用程序审核这些照片并评估这些照片中的农作物，而后田地工作人员告诉农民他们发现的任何问题，并就可能的解决方案提出建议。由此可推知，田地工作人员充当了农民和这个公司之间的桥梁。8答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。本文以EstherUsman为例介绍了科技帮助非洲农民改善生活状况，故答案为A。.七选五语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我人物故事
30、母亲的鼓励【语篇解读】一个男孩为成绩不如同桌而苦恼，问他的妈妈他是不是比别人笨。妈妈没有正面回答男孩的问题而是带他去了海边，让他注意笨拙的海鸥竟然是最终飞越大海的。后来，男孩以第一名的成绩被一所好大学录取。1答案与解析：C根据空前的“Mom, amImorestupidthanothers? IfeelIamashardworkingashim, buthowcomeIalwaysfallbehind？”可知，空处应是表述妈妈听到男孩的提问后的反应，C项“听了这些话，她说不出话来，不知道如何解释”符合语境，故C项正确。2答案与解析：B根据空前的“thesamequestion”和空后一句“Ho
31、wever，wasthisanswerinhersonsbestinterest？”可知，然而他的妈妈不知道这样的回答是否对男孩有利。据此可知，空处应是表述妈妈想要回答男孩的问题，故B项正确。3答案与解析：G根据空后一句“Toreducetheburdenonhersonwhowassufferingfromthepainsofunsatisfyinggradesandrankings，Momdecidedtotakehimtothesea”可知，为了减轻儿子因成绩和排名不满意而痛苦的负担，妈妈决定带他去海边。据此可知，空处应描述男孩因成绩和排名不满意而痛苦的情况，故G项符合语境。4答案与解析
32、：F根据空后的“Inthelecture”可知，F项“他被邀请回高中母校给学生和家长演讲”符合语境。5答案与解析：D根据空前男孩分享的经历(笨拙的海鸥竟然是最终飞越大海的)可知，空处应是他对这次经历的总结，即“你可能会有一点慢，但你会是那个成功的人”，故D项正确。.语法填空语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然宇宙探索天文学【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了我们应该关注天文学的原因。1答案与解析：on考查固定搭配。andsoon为固定搭配，意为“等等”，符合语境。2答案与解析：benefits考查名词的单复数。分析该句结构可知，该句中that引导定语从句，空处与thoughts为先行词，空处与复数名词th
33、oughts对应，benefit为可数名词，故该处用其复数形式benefits。3答案与解析：intention考查词形转换。根据空前的withouttheprimary可知，空处应用名词的单数形式，故填intend的名词单数形式intention。4答案与解析：what考查表语从句连接词。分析该句结构可知，空处引导表语从句，作表语从句的主语，表示“的事物”，故用what引导该表语从句。5答案与解析：toenjoy考查动词不定式。空处与togain并列，表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。6答案与解析：is考查主谓一致和动词的时态。该句主语为不定式“Tostudysomething”，故谓语动
34、词应用单数形式；又根据语境可知，该句陈述的是客观存在的情况，故用一般现在时。7答案与解析：firmly考查副词。空处修饰动词believe，应用副词形式，表示“坚定地相信”。8答案与解析：of考查介词。becauseof为固定搭配，意为“因为，由于”，符合语境，故填介词of。9答案与解析：came考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，该句意为“由于天文学，我们现在确切地知道宇宙是什么时候形成的”。根据常识可知，宇宙的形成是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。10答案与解析：confusing考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰前面的名词mysteries，该名词和动词confuse之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
