1、Section Language Points ()(Warmup & Lesson 1).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Politicians prefer to use the medium(媒介物)of television.2(2019全国卷，书面表达)I am delighted to inform(通知)you that this years music festival will be held shortly.3They have guaranteed(保证)that any faulty parts would be replaced free of charg
2、e.4The citys water supply is no longer adequate(足够)for its needs.5Not all athletes attain(达到)this standard of physical fitness.6A person folds his arms across his chest.7In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder.8Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing p
3、rocess.9You can enlarge your vocabulary by reading.10In the new term, most students adjust themselves very quickly to their new teachers.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1fluent adj.流利的，流畅的fluency n流利度，流畅度2accuracy n精确度，准确度accurate adj.准确的，精确的accurately adv.准确地，精确地3attain vt.达到；获得attainment n达到；获得attainable adj.
4、可以达到的，可以获得的4surround vt.环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n环境5adjust vt.调节；调整adjustable adj.可调节的adjustment n调整，调节6announce vt.宣告，通告announcement n通告；宣告.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1get ahead取得成功，获得进步2stand out突出，显眼3in the absence of缺乏，不存在4rely on依赖，指望5take the form of以的形式6hold the key to抓住的关键7make sure确保，务必8inf
5、orm sb.of告知某人某事9keep in mind记住10in case以防万一.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1He looked in the bathroom to make sure that he was alone.2We must keep in mind that we are not children any more, and we should be independent.3In the 1980s，it seemed that computers held the key to economic forecasting.4Your sister informe
6、d me of an interesting event, upon which I beg to offer my most sincere congratulations.5He stood out in terms of competence from all his fellows.6When times were difficult，he relied on friends for financial assistance.enadj.vt.v.out动词短语enlarge扩大enable使能够enrich使富裕watch out当心，小心cut out切下；省略sort out整理
7、背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own language.如果你已看过母语的新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。Theres no point(in)doing sth.“做某事毫无意义”。There is no point complaining nowwere leaving tomorrow in any case.现在抱怨毫无意义不管怎样我们明天都要离开。2.It was predicted as early as the
8、1700s that English would one day be the global language.早在18世纪人们就预言英语有一天会成为全球性语言it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。It was predicted in the old times that man would be on the moon.在古时候人们预测，人类将登上月球。3.But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country are small.但遗憾的是，我们很少
9、有人有机会生活在讲英语的国家。that引导同位语从句。The chance that Zhou Qi will become a star in the CBA in the coming few years is high.周琦在未来几年里成为中国职业篮球队的一位明星的可能性很大。4.However，putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.然而，每天多学15分钟确实需要专心致志。does是助动词，用来加强语气。He did have a good time last night.他昨天晚上的确玩得很开心。 (教
10、材P6)In todays world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead当今世界，要想取得令人瞩目的成就，就要会讲至少两种语言，特别是英语。(1)stand out显眼；突出；出色stand by和站在一起；袖手旁观stand for代表；象征；意味着；支持，主张stand up站起；站得住脚stand aside躲开；退出(竞选)stand back退后，避开stand up for支持；坚持；拥护；捍卫How can you stan
11、d by when those boys are kicking the cat？当那些孩子们在踢那只猫时，你怎能站在一旁不管呢？The letters PLA stand for the Peoples Liberation Army.PLA这几个字母代表中国人民解放军。People on the street were asked to stand aside to let the presidents car through.街上的人都被要求靠边站以让总统的车通过。(2)get ahead取得成功，取得进步；领先get along/on进展；相处get away with逃脱；免受惩罚g
12、et in进入；收集；收割get over克服；解决；恢复get through用完，做完；通过；接通(电话)Tom has got ahead of all the other boys in the class.汤姆优于班上其他的男孩。Dont be tempted to cheatyoull never get away with it.别想着作弊对作弊者会严惩不贷。I think the problem can be got(get)over without too much difficulty.我认为这个问题不太难解决。 absence n缺乏；缺席；不存在 (教材P6)Howev
13、er，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.然而，没有英语语言环境，学英语是很难的。(1)absence of mind心不在焉in the absence of sth.在缺乏某物时in/during ones absencein/during the absence of sb.在某人不在时(2)absent adj.缺席的，不在场的be absent from work/school旷工/旷课In his absenc
14、e, I decided to see what was on his desk.他不在时，我决定看看他桌上有什么东西。In the absence of any evidence，the police had to let him go.由于缺乏任何证据，警方只得把他放了。That he was always absent from school made the teacher very angry.他总是旷课，使得老师很生气。图形助记缺乏运动缺席不存在 surround vt.环绕；围绕(教材P6)Some respected theories on language acquisiti
15、on believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。(1)surround sb./sth.with.使包围某人/某物be surrounded by/with.被包围/环绕surround反身代词with.喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)(2)surrounding adj.周围的，附近的surroundi
16、ngs n.周围的事物；环境；气氛Some European countries are surrounded with/by dangers.一些欧洲国家现在危机四伏。Surrounded (surround)by high mountains，the little village is hard to reach.由于被高山所环抱，这个小村庄很难到达。Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings (surround)动物园中的动物没有在它们的自然环境中。语境助记Once upon a time, a king who was p
17、olite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings.从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一个国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 rely on依赖；依靠(教材P6)Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum.所以大部分人还是得靠学校的语言课程来学习外语。rely on/upon
18、sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事rely on/upon sb.doing sth.相信某人会做某事rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth.依靠某人或某物以获得rely on/upon it that.相信(事情)；指望We have to rely on him to make the design.我们不得不仰仗着他来进行这项设计。As babies，we rely entirely on others for food.在婴儿期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。 ma
19、ke sure确保；确定；务必；查明；弄清楚(教材P6)What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。be sure of/about对有把握；确信be sure to do sth.务必做某事for sure确切地；毫无疑问sure enough果然；果真Be sure not to touch anything
20、 in the lab.千万别摸实验室里的任何东西。He phoned his secretary to make sure of the time and place for the conference.他打电话给他的秘书，以确定会议的时间和地点。I cant say for sure when hell be here.我说不准他什么时候来这儿。名师点津make sure一般不接不定式作宾语，后接名词时需加介词of/about；后接从句时，常用一般现在时表示将来。 ensure vt.确保；保证；保护(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，w
21、hether it is speaking or writing.不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。ensure sb.sth.保证/确保某人(得到)某物ensure sb.from/against sth.确保某人免受某物的伤害ensure that从句make sure that从句This pill will ensure you a good nights sleep.这种药一定会确保你晚上睡个好觉。Wed better lock the door to ensure us against/from interruption.我们最好把门锁上免受打搅。We can ensu
22、re that the work shall be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。 guarantee v保证；担保；保修 n保证；保证书(教材P6)Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.读前能了解主要新闻内容会确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解所读新闻。(1)guarantee sb.sth.(ensure sb.sth.)保证某人得到某物guarantee to do sth.保证做某事guara
23、ntee that.确保guarantee sth.for some time对保修多久(2)give sb.a guarantee that.向某人保证under guarantee在保修期内Is your TV under guarantee?你的电视在保修期内吗？I guarantee to be(be) here tomorrow.Trust me!我保证明天来这里。相信我！I guarantee that youll enjoy yourself.我保证你玩得痛快。语境助记The TV is guaranteed for a year.That is to say，it has a
24、years guarantee，so it is still under guarantee.这台电视保修一年。也就是说，它有一年的保修期，因此它仍在保修期内。 adjust v调整；调节；适应；习惯(教材P6)Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.观看你最喜欢的一张光盘，但要把你熟悉部分的语言调换成英语。(1)adjust sth. to sth.调整以适应adjust to (doing) sth.适应/习惯(做)某事adjust oneself to st
25、h.使自己适应某物(2)adjustment n.调整；调节make an adjustment/adjustments to sth.对某物进行调整As a teacher，I must adjust my speech to the age of my students.作为教师，我必须使我的演讲适合于学生的年龄。She must learn to adjust herself to English life.她必须学会适应英国的生活。Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the natio
26、nal soccer reform.一些学校将不得不根据国家足球改革做出调整。 inform v通知；告知(教材P6)Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.将你的目标告知一个朋友，以使他也能够激励你。(1)inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事inform sb.that.告知某人(2)informed adj.了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的keep sb.informed of sth.使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事(3)information n.信息(不可数)I wasnt
27、informed of the decision until too late.等到我得知这项决定时，已经太迟了。We will keep you informed (inform) of any developments.有任何动态我们都会随时通知你。He informed her that he was thinking of entering medical school.他告诉她他想进医学院。 (教材P6)Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own languag
28、e.如果你已看过母语的新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。【要点提炼】There is no point (in) doing sth.“做某事没有意义”。There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理或意义There is no question of doing sth.做某事是没问题的There is no need to do sth.做某事没有必要There is no possibility that.是不可能的There is no doubt that.是毫无疑问的There is no point cheating in the exam.考试
29、作弊是毫无意义的。I could see that there was no need to argue(argue) with her.我明白与她争论是没有必要的。There is no doubt that genius lies in diligence.毫无疑问天才出于勤奋。 (教材P6)It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在1
30、8世纪人们就预言英语有一天会成为全球性语言，而这一预言在近几十年中已经得到了证实。【要点提炼】It was predicted that.“据预测”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。Itbe predicted that.相当于People predict(ed) that.和Sth./Sb.be predicted to do.。Its said that.据说Its hoped that.人们希望Its reported that.据报道Its thought that.人们认为Its suggested that.人们建议Its believed that.人们相信I
31、ts expected that.预计It is said that the boy grew up to be a noted scientist.据说，那男孩长大后成了一位著名的科学家。It is supposed(suppose) that he may pass the College Entrance Examination.人们认为他能通过大学入学考试。It is believed that we shall make full use of the suns energy some day.人们相信，总有一天我们能充分利用太阳能。 (教材P6)This can take the
32、form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality足够量的语言输入可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。【要点提炼】句中be of the highest quality是“beof抽象名词”结构。“be of抽象名词”结构，常在句中作表语，这类抽象名词包含两类：(1)be of抽象名词be抽象名词相对应的形容词。这类名词有：value，use，importance，help，interest，benefit，beauty，wealth等，它们可用no，some，any，little，muc
33、h，great等词修饰。(2)“be of抽象名词”中的抽象名词没有形容词形式，为了表明主语的某些特征，只能用这一种形式。这类名词有：size，weight，height，color，shape，age，opinion，price，kind，type等。注意：这类名词的单复数根据具体的情况而定，也可在其前加冠词。Mr.Smith is of the same opinion.Mr.Smith has the same opinion.史密斯先生也持同样的观点。Each minute is of great importance to us.Each minute is very importa
34、nt to us.每一分钟对我们都非常重要。The two men are almost of a height(high)这两个人差不多一般高。1(教材P6)In todays world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead.【分析】动名词短语“being able to speak more than one language，including English”作主语，表示一般情况；表语为how引导的从句，表语从句中包含两个并列的谓语
35、stand out和get ahead。【翻译】当今世界，要想取得令人瞩目的成就，就要会讲至少两种语言，特别是英语。2(教材P6)What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.【分析】【翻译】这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。.单句语法填空1We plan to finish the adjustment(adjust) of the equipm
36、ent before Sunday.2They have surrounded the building with police.3There is no point in getting angry.4It is believed that John will help us with some money.5The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed(inform) of what to do this week.6He fastened an announcement (announce) to the notice bo
37、ard.7My father did all the cooking in my mothers absence(absent)8Shes the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.9She stayed at London for a year, so she can speak English fluently(fluent)10(2019全国卷，语法填空)While they are rare north of 88，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arcti
38、c.完成句子1再和他争论下去是没有什么意义的。There is no point (in) arguing with him any more.2据报道，昨天四个人越狱逃跑了。It was reported that four men escaped from prison yesterday.3下次会议上将要讨论的这个问题至关重要。The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance4她身高两米，在人群中很引人注目。She is two meters in height and stands out in
39、 the crowd5他正在谈在商业上获得成功的方法。He was talking about the way to get ahead in/with business.名词性从句的用法语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language.the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an Englishspeaking country are small.Wha
40、t this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English.Experts say that just 15 minutes of extracurricular study a day can really accelerate foreign language learning.后自主感悟1.在主从复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句依据其句法作用，分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句如句，宾语从句如句，表语从句如句，同位语从句如句。2.名词性从句用
41、陈述语序。一、基本概念1在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。2引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：(1)从属连词：that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)(2)连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which(3)连接副词：when，where，how，why二、基本用法(一)主语从句在句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。连接主语从句的引导词有连接词(that，wheth
42、er，if)、连接代词和连接副词。 1that引导的主语从句(1)that置于句首的主语从句that在主语从句中不作任何成分，也没有含义，只起连接从句的作用。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。(2)形式主语it替代主语从句常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有如下几种：It系动词形容词that从句常用于这种结构的形容词有：necessary必要的right正确的likely可能的unlikely不可能的wrong错误的important重要的
43、certain明确的clear清晰的obvious明显的strange奇怪的natural自然的Its certain that he will succeed.他肯定会成功的。名师点津在It is necessary/important/strange/naturalthat从句结构中，从句常用“should动词原形”形式，其中should可省略。It is necessary and important that you(should)master a foreign language so as to meet the need of a job.为了工作的需要，你掌握一门外语是很有必要
44、并且是很重要的。It is strange that you(should)trust Jane.很奇怪你竟然相信简。It系动词名词(短语)that从句常用于这种句型的名词(短语)有：a pity遗憾a shame遗憾，耻辱good news好消息a fact事实an honour荣耀a wonder奇迹no wonder难怪duty责任It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture yesterday.你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。It is our duty that we should help the people in need.帮助那些处在
45、困境中的人是我们的责任。Itbe动词的ed形式that从句常见的动词的ed形式有：said据说told有人告诉heard有人听说reported据报道hoped有人希望turned out结果pointed out有人指出decided作出决定suggested有人建议advised有人建议ordered根据命令remembered有人记得thought有人认为considered据认为well known很著名Its said that Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.据说屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
46、。名师点津在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/ decidedthat从句”的结构中，that从句中的谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should也可省略。 It was decided that they(should)start the project the next month.他们下个月开始这项工程已经定下来了。It is suggested that you(should)spend more time in studying English.你应该花更多的时间学习英语。It特殊动词that从
47、句常见的此类动词有seem，happen，matter，occur等。It really matters that you havent turned up.你没来，这的确很重要。2由whether，if引导的主语从句当主语从句位于句首时，只能用whether，不用if引导主语从句；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用whether或if均可。Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.是否举行会议仍然是一个问题。It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.他是否来这里是令人怀疑的。3特
48、殊疑问词引导的主语从句What they need is a good textbook.他们需要的是一本好的教科书。Whichever he likes will be given to him.无论他喜欢哪一个都可以给他。Whatever/What changes we make in our plans will be announced later.在我们的计划里不管有什么改变，以后都要公布。即时演练1单句语法填空It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.How we und
49、erstand things has a lot to do with what we feel.Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.(二)宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词(短语)的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。1动词(短语)的宾语从句大多数动词(如hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)后可以接宾语从
50、句。We all expect that they will win，for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮。名师点津动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。2介词的宾语从句(1)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talki
51、ng about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否应该让学生加入我们的俱乐部。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.我们能从我们住的地方清楚地看到寺庙。(2)that引导的从句作介词宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.除了结构有点松散以外，你的作文相当不错。He diffe
52、red from his colleagues in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同事们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。3形容词的宾语从句类似于sure，certain，glad，sorry，amazed，surprised，proud，pleased，shocked，disappointed等表心理状态的形容词后，可以跟that从句或wh从句作宾语。Im sure/certain that hell succeed.我确信他会成功。She was not aware how dangerous it was.她没意识到当时
53、有多危险。4注意事项(1)宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句一律要用陈述语序。若主句是祈使句或主句用的是一般现在时/一般将来时，从句可根据需要选用合适的时态；若主句用的是过去的某种时态，从句一般用过去的某种时态；若从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句通常用一般现在时。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.老师告诉我们汤姆离开我们去美国了。The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.老师说太阳东升西落。(2)否定转移：当think，
54、believe，suppose，imagine等动词的主语是第一人称，谓语为没有副词修饰的一般现在时，它们的否定实际上是对宾语从句的否定。变反意疑问句时简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。I dont think he can remember the 100 words within two hours，can he?我想他不能在两小时内记住这100个单词，是吗？(3)引导词that不能省略的情况：当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，引导词that通常不省略。当一个动词带有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，第二个及第二个以后的that
55、不可以省略。I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已经尽力了，而且一切都会好起来的。(4)用whether而不用if引导宾语从句的情况：与or not连用时I want to know whether its good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。从句位于介词之后时I worry about whether he can survive the crisis of his illness.他生病了，我担心他能否度过危险期。即时演练2 单句语法填空They want t
56、o make it clear to the public that they do an important job.It depends on whether its going to rain.Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what youre afraid to do.(三)表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。能引导宾语从句的连接词(if除外)皆可引导表语从句。1引导表语从句的连接词主要有以下几类(1)连接词that/whetherthat和whether在表语从句中不作任何成分，that无实义，但whether仍保留“是否”的意义。Our
57、plan is that well go there once a week.我们的计划是我们一周去一次那里。The question is whether they will support the plan.问题是他们是否会支持这个计划。(2)连接代词引导表语从句的连接代词主要有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever等。The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替代她。Tom is no longer what he used to be.汤姆不再是以前的
58、汤姆了。(3)连接副词引导表语从句的连接副词主要有：when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。That was where we camped last time.那就是我们上次野营的地方。This is why Sara was late for class.这就是Sara上课迟到的原因。(4)其他连接词另外，because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。He didnt have breakfast.That is because he got up late.他没吃早饭，因为他起晚了。2注意事项(
59、1)reason作主语时的表语从句主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用because。The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was too careless and drank too much.这么严重的一起事故完全是司机太粗心、喝酒太多造成的。(2)如果主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。His suggestion is that w
60、e should stay calm.他的建议是我们应保持冷静。(3)其他系动词表语从句除be以外，可用于表语从句的系动词有：seem，look，appear，sound，taste，feel，remain等。It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了。It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.听起来你好像来自美国南部。即时演练3 单句语法填空My question is whether you are in favour of us.The fact is that youv
61、e lost a good chance.I got up late.Thats why I was late for school.(四)同位语从句用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词(如fact，idea，news，promise，information，message等)的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。1同位语从句的连接词引导同位语从句的词有从属连词that(没有词义，不作成分，不能省略)，连接副词how，when，where等。We must remember the fact that goats usually live in mountainous country
62、.我们得记住山羊通常生活在山区这一事实。They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常要为如何演奏音乐而写出精确的说明。2注意事项(1)分隔式同位语从句：被与所解释说明的名词分隔开的同位语从句叫分隔式同位语从句。A saying goes that practice makes perfect.常言道，熟能生巧。(2)表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion，order，demand，command，request，advice等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(shoul
63、d)do”。Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给了我们一些使用电脑的建议。(3)名词doubt(怀疑)用于肯定句时，其后的同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句时则用that引导。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.毫无疑问，张卫会信守承诺的。(4)同位语从句与定语从句
64、的区别同位语从句起解释说明作用，而定语从句起修饰限制作用。在限制性定语从句中关系代词that充当主语或宾语，有实际意义，作宾语时，可省略。同位语从句中that是连词，不充当句子成分，没有任何实际意义，一般不可省略。The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.我们足球队获胜的消息是鼓舞人心的。(同位语从句)The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.我们在收音机上听到的新闻不是真的。(定语从句)即时演练4单句语法填空The news that he has adj
65、usted himself to the life there makes his parents glad.I have no idea whether he will come or not.My suggestion is that we inform his parents of this.三、注意的问题1what和that在名词性从句中的区别(1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s)that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数依句意而定；(2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义，引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动
66、词用单数，引导宾语从句时，有时可省略。2whether和if在名词性从句中的区别下列情况只用whether不用if：(1)引导主语从句且置于句首时；(2)引导表语从句时；(3)引导同位语从句时；(4)引导宾语从句且前置时；(5)作动词discuss和介词的宾语时；(6)其后紧跟or not时；(7)后接动词不定式时；(8)用if引导会引起歧义时。My problem right now is whether I should have someone else take the place of me.我现在的问题是我是否应该让某个人来代替我的位置。单句语法填空1It suddenly occ
67、urred to him that he had left his keys in the office.2We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.3The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.4If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.5The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution.
